Composite Films Research Articles

Bio-based composite film from konjac flour and dialdehyde starch: Development, properties and structural features

The development of environmental-friendly composite products from renewable resources has been considered as an excellent approach to address the negative impact of petroleum-based plastics on environment. Konjac flour (KF), as an excellent polysaccharide material, has a broad application in food field. It shows a promising future in the film field due to its excellent film-forming properties. In this work, KF was selected as primary film-forming matrix, and dialdehyde starch (DAS) as the reinforcing component. A series of KF/DAS composite films were prepared by adjusting the addition ratio of DAS component. Then, their physical and mechanical properties were characterized and analyzed. The results showed that KF/DAS composite film with 25 % DAS content exhibited the optimal mechanical properties, including tensile strength (TS) of 13.1 MPa and elongation at break (EAB) of 93.7 %, indicating that an excellent cross-linked system formed among KF and DAS utilizing the method described in this study. Furthermore, much evidences from the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that a strong chemical cross-linkages between DAS and KF via Schiff base and esterification reactions. Based on the thermogravimetry (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results, KF/DAS composite films also had excellent thermal stability and a dense microstructure, although there are also changes with the DAS usage.

CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 Core-Shell-Embedded Flexible Polymer Composite as an Efficient Magnetoelectric Energy Harvester

Flexible magnetoelectric (ME) generators gained immense interest due to the broad applications in wearable and Internet of Things (IoT)-based devices. The key to achieving high energy conversion performance of 0-3 type ME composite films is the prevention of filler aggregation in the polymer matrix and accessing the full potential of intrinsic properties of filler. To achieve high performance, a flexible ME composite film was fabricated by homogeneous distribution of magnetostrictive CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 core-shell (CBCS) fillers into piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer. The ME composite film generates an enhanced energy conversion efficiency by optimizing the shell thickness of CBCS and maximizing the electroactive β-phase at the BaTiO3 shell-PVDF interfacial region. The observed ME coefficient of the film reached up to 710 mV/cm∙Oe. Multiphysics simulations based on the finite element analysis were adopted to investigate the role of BaTiO3 shell thickness on the performance of ME film. This study paves the way to achieve higher filler loading content in the ME composite films to develop an efficient, flexible ME generator for eco-friendly permanent power sources.

Functional composite films incorporating triphala-derived carbon dots for extending chicken preservation

Triphala-based carbon dots (T-CDs) were successfully prepared using a simple one-step hydrothermal method. T-CDs were characterized by absorbance, fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. T-CDs showed bright blue fluorescence at 434 nm upon excitation at 360 nm. Functional composite films were prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) and gelatin mixture by incorporating T-CDs and applied as a packaging film to extend the shelf life of chicken. The antibacterial activity of T-CDs against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using well diffusion and colony count methods. T-CDs were evenly dispersed throughout the PVA/Gel solution to form a dense and uninterrupted film. They also formed strong bonds with polymer chains, which improved the tensile strength of the film from 32.44 to 42.70 MPa. Furthermore, the presence of T-CDs significantly enhanced the UV-blocking ability of the PVA/Gel films, achieving 99.7 % for UV-B and 97.2 % for UV-A. In addition, the PVA/Gel/T-CDs composite films showed excellent antioxidant, antimicrobial and UV-barrier properties, extending the shelf life of chicken. Therefore, the PVA/Gel/T-CDs composite films showed great potential as an active food packaging material to extend the shelf life and preserve the visual quality of packaged meat.

Photoluminescent Y2O3:Eu3+@PVA composite dispersions and films for anti-counterfeiting ink applications

The development of high-tech anti-counterfeiting inks to detect counterfeit products is a crucial task for almost every aspect of modern life around the world. Herein, we report the synthesis of photoluminescent xY2O3:Eu3+@PVA (x = 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) composite dispersions and films and demonstrate their potential for anti-counterfeiting inks applications. Laser-synthesized m-Y2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles (daver = 20.3 ± 6.9 nm) with strong red luminescence due to 5D0 → 7F0-4 transitions of Eu3+ were used as a pigment to create luminescent composites. Detailed photoluminescence properties of the obtained composite dispersions and films as a function of m-Y2O3:Eu3+ content were investigated in combination with SEM, EDX, UV–Vis and IR spectroscopy data. Tuning of the CIE coordinates of xY2O3:Eu3+@PVA is observed by changing the excitation wavelength. The results of SEM showed that the photoluminescent nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the PVA film. Photoluminescent m-Y2O3:Eu3+-doped PVA composite inks can be applied via spray, brush, and screen-printing techniques to create security features on various surfaces, including glass, ceramics, paper, plastics, and currency notes. These inks remain stable for at least four months and offer a distinctive luminescent signature that is challenging to replicate, owing to the unique photoluminescence spectrum of Eu3+ in the monoclinic Y2O3 polymorph.

Synthesis of nano-diamond modified Ti3C2Tx MXene heterostructure for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption

The highly efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials are considered a promising approach to combatting electromagnetic radiation pollution. We synthesized a novel heterostructure 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene composite film modified by 0D nano-diamond (ND) particles using simple mechanical stirring and a vacuum filtration method. Subsequently, we investigated its microstructure and EMW absorption properties. The ND modification not only regulated the impedance matching of the composite films but also enhanced the diversity of EMW losses, demonstrating excellent microwave absorption performance. With a 40 wt% ND content, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the films reached −43.0 dB, corresponding to a film thickness of 2.5 mm. This study explored a novel and promising microwave absorption film, expanding the application of diamond in microwave absorption, and addressing the theoretical gap in diamond-enhanced MXene microwave absorption performance.

Preparation of Multi-element Doped Carbon Nanospheres with Core-shell Structure Derived from Polystyrene as Lubricating Additives for Improving Tribological Behavior

In this study, the multi-element doped carbon nanospheres with core-shell structure (N,P,S-PCNs) have been successfully synthesized through the carbonization of hyper-cross-linked polystyrene nanospheres (HPSs) encapsulated with poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4’-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS). The phosphonitrilic chloride trimer can in-situ assemble on HPSs surface, forming a poly(phosphonitrilic chloride trimer) film via sulfonyldiphenol as cross-linking agent to obtain HPSs@PZS. Subsequently, the HPSs@PZS undergoes high-temperature calcination under N2 atmosphere, and PZS with a well-preserved encapsulation capability efficiently incorporated N, P and S into carbon nanospheres to gain multi-element (N,P,S) co-doped carbon nanospheres (N,P,S-PCNs) with core-shell structure. The prepared N,P,S-PCNs exhibit exceptional dispersibility and stability as lubricant additives, effectively mitigating friction (reduced to 0.106) and wear (decreased by 84.0 %). The lubrication performance of N,P,S-PCNs is exceptional due to the nanospheres' remarkable ability to enter the gaps between friction pairs and form a deposition film on the surfaces. Moreover, the nanospheres can undergo a chemical reaction with the matrix surface, resulting in the formation of a chemical protective film. The composite protective film (deposition film and chemical protective film) significantly enhances the lubricants' ability to reduce friction and resist wear.

Flexibility, malleability, and high mechanical strength phase change composite films for solar-thermal and electro-thermal energy storage

Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used in a range of energy storage applications due to high latent heat absorption and release capacities during phase change processes. There is still a lot to be done to resolve the inherent leakage, stiffness problems, and poor solar-thermal and electrical-thermal conversion capacities of PCMs to functionalize them. Here, a novel solid-solid phase change material (IGPCM) is created using block copolymerization. The IGPCM has a tunable enthalpy (from 58.16 to 99.60 J g−1) by adjusting the molecular weight of the PEG. The obtained IGPCM10K has high toughness (479.1 MJ/m3), excellent bending and malleability. Since IGPCM10K suffers from poor thermal conductivity, photo responsiveness, and electro-thermal conversion, carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be added to our IGPCM10K in a simple way to improve these issues. The thermal conductivity of IGPCM10K-CNT-3 is improved by 55.6 % compared to IGPCM10K. The photothermal conversion efficiency is 84.9 % at 300 mW/cm2. The electrothermal conversion efficiency is 82.3 % at 12 A. The prepared flexible PCM composites have super toughness, high enthalpy, excellent thermal conductivity, and photo-thermal and electro-thermal conversion capabilities, which will show great potential in future applications.

Remarkably boosted high-temperature energy storage of a polymer dielectric induced by polymethylsesquioxane microspheres.

Polymer dielectrics are the key materials in next-generation electrical power systems. However, they usually suffer from dramatic deterioration of capacitive performance at high temperatures. In this work, we demonstrate that polymethylsesquioxane (PMSQ) microspheres with a unique organic-inorganic hybrid structure can remarkably enhance the energy storage performance of a typical high-temperature dielectric polymer polyetherimide (PEI). Compared with traditional ceramic fillers, there exists -CH3 on the surface of PMSQ microspheres, which results in good compatibility between PMSQ and PEI. In addition, the PMSQ microspheres with excellent insulating properties can effectively block the charge transport, yielding significantly enhanced breakdown and energy storage performance. Consequently, the PEI based composite film with 5 wt% PMSQ microspheres exhibits ultrahigh energy storage densities of 12.83 J cm-3 and 9.40 J cm-3 with an efficiency (η) above 90% at 150 °C and 200 °C, respectively, which are 10.5 and 50.5 times those of the pure PEI film. This work demonstrates that microspheres with an organic-inorganic hybrid structure are excellent candidates for enhancing the high-temperature performance of polymer dielectrics, and these PMSQ/PEI composite films have huge potential for application in high-temperature film capacitors.

Bulk Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporated with Conjugated Polyfluorenes

Ambipolar transport characteristics of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) enable both hole and electron to be transported simultaneously in perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, unbalanced charge transport is a fundamental limitation in boosting power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. Compared to the PSCs with either n–i–p or p–i–n device structures, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) PSCs, inspired by organic photovoltaics, are recognized as superior for balancing charge transport and maximizing interface interactions. This study reports high‐performance BHJ PSCs, where the BHJ composites are composted with the n‐type MHPs mixed with the p‐type conjugated polyfluorenes. In the systematic studies, it is indicated that a small amount of conjugated polyfluorenes component can boost the crystallinity and grain size of the MHP thin film. Moreover, BHJ composite thin films possess boosted charge carrier mobility and a tendency of balanced charge transport and suppress both radiative and non‐radiative charge carrier recombinations. Most importantly, an efficient photoinduced charge transport within the BHJ composite thin film boosts photocurrent. As a result, the PSCs based on the n‐type MHPs:p‐type conjugated polyfluorenes BHJ composite thin film exhibit 23.46% of PCE and boost stability. The results demonstrate a facial method to approach high‐performance PSCs.

Study on the Oxidation Behavior of TiB2-CeO2-Modified (Nb,Mo,Cr,W)Si2 Coating on the Surface of Niobium Alloy

A novel TiB2-CeO2-modified (Nb,Mo,Cr,W)Si2 coating was prepared on a Nb-5W-2Mo-1Zr alloy substrate using two-step slurry sintering and halide-activated pack cementation to address the limitations of a single NbSi2 coating in meeting the service requirements of niobium alloys at elevated temperatures. At 1700 °C, the static oxidation life of the coating exceeded 20 h, thus indicating excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance. This was due to the formation of a TiO2-SiO2-Cr2O3 composite oxide film on the coating surface, which, due to low oxygen permeability, effectively prevented the inward infiltration of oxygen. Additionally, the dense structure of the composite coating further enhanced this protective effect. The composite coating was able to withstand over 1600 thermal shock cycles from room temperature to 1700 °C, and its excellent thermal shock performance could be attributed to the formation of MoSi2, CrSi2, and WSi2 from elements such as Mo, Cr, and W, which were added during modification. In addition to adjusting the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the layers of composite coatings to reduce the thermal stress generated by thermal shock cycles, the formation of silicide compounds also improved the overall fracture toughness of the coating and thereby improved its thermal shock resistance.

Characterization of Plasma Jet Treated Composite Chitosan with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Films

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the properties of polymer composite films comprised of chitosan and 1% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles following treatment with a plasma jet, using argon as the working gas. Hydroxyapatite is typically added to chitosan to enhance its mechanical properties. The study found that plasma jet treatment increases both the mechanical strength and elastic modulus of the films. Additionally, the treatment reduces the water contact angle (WCA) from 70° to 26°, indicating improved hydrophilicity от. FTIR spectroscopy results confirm that no new chemical bonds are formed during the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal the removal of amorphous regions in the polymer film post-treatment. This modification enhances the adhesion of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (FetMSCs) to the film, suggesting that these treated films could be suitable for biomedical applications.

A Flexible Organomagnetic Single-Layer Composite Film with Built-In Multistimuli Responsivity.

Materials possessing multiple properties and functionalities, that can be controlled or modulated by external stimuli, are a central focus of current research in materials sciences due to their potential to significantly enhance various future technological applications. Herein, we report a significant advancement in this field through the development of a smart, multifunctional organomagnetic composite material. By utilizing a thin layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polypyrrole (PPy) precursors, doped with nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs), we have created an innovative organomagnetic, PDMS/PPy/NiNPs (PPN), single-layer composite film that displays multistimuli responsivity. The study presents the first demonstration of a multifunctional flexible, three-component film structure integrating the structural and flexible PDMS component, together with a conductive polymer component and metal-based nanoparticles into a single-layer design, which displays enhanced and unprecedented responsivity properties against multiple different stimuli. Unlike typical stacked multilayered structures, that exhibit one or two functionalities at most, this novel configuration exhibits multiple functionalities, including magnetoresistance, mechanical stress response, piezoresistivity, and temperature change sensitivity. The as-prepared film demonstrates notable magnetoresistance responsivity, with a relative electrical resistance, ΔR/R0, changing under a weak magnetic field and under ambient conditions. The significance of our study lies in the film's versatility, stability, and sensitivity, especially within the physiological temperature range, making it highly relevant for future biomedical applications. Furthemore, the film's sensitivity to mechanical deformation reveals an impressive piezoresistance behavior. Unlike existing multilayer architectures of higher complexity, our single-layer thin film offers a simpler, more flexible, and reliable solution with a broad range of stimuli-sensing capabilities. The significance of this novel multiresponsive composite material is underscored by the growing demand for advanced materials in biomedical devices, magnetic switches, sensors, electronic skin, transistors, and organic spintronic devices. These promising organomagnetic self-standing layers provide a robust platform for future technological innovations.

Gluten-Based Composite Film for Smart Food Packaging Applications

Gluten-Based Composite Film for Smart Food Packaging Applications

Shrouding Gas Plasma Deposition Technique for Developing Low-Friction, Wear-Resistant WS2-Zn Thin Films on Unfilled PEEK: The Relationship Between Process and Coating Properties

In this study, tungsten disulfide–zinc (WS2-Zn) composite films were generated on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) disks by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) equipped with a shrouding attachment. The friction and wear properties of the WS2-Zn coatings were intensively investigated by using a rotational ball-on-disk setup under dry sliding and ambient room conditions. In order to gain more information about the lubrication mechanism, the coating areas as deposited and the worn areas (i.e., in the wear track) were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with regard to their chemical composition in depth by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to obtain precise chemical information from the surface. The results indicated that WS2-Zn coatings significantly improved the tribological properties, exhibiting a coefficient of friction (COF) of <0.2. However, the tribological performance of the coatings is strongly dependent on the plasma process settings (i.e., plasma current, dwell time of the powder particles in the plasma jet), which were tuned to reduce the oxidation by-products of WS2 to a minimum. The COF values achieved of the dry lubricant films were significantly reduced in contrast to the uncoated PEEK by a factor of four.

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Thin Films Modified with Anderson-Type Polyoxometalates (Ni, Co, and Fe)

In this work, TiO2 and Anderson-type polyoxometalates (Ni, Co, and Fe) thin-film composites were fabricated. The composites were characterized by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance, and scanning electronic microscopy. The methylene blue (MB) photocatalytic degradation on the composites under UV irradiation was studied. Spectroscopic results verified the modification of TiO2 thin films. Optical and morphological properties changed after TiO2 modification. The largest change in the optical band gap was observed for the FePOM/TiO2 system, which reported a value of 3.05 eV. The POM/TiO2 systems were more efficient in methylene blue (MB) adsorption than bare TiO2. Furthermore, the modified films were more efficient than bare TiO2 during MB photodegradation tests. The NiPOM/TiO2 and the CoPOM/TiO2 were the most efficient in the MB adsorption, reaching ~20%. The NiPOM/TiO2 and the CoPOM/TiO2 composites were the most efficient in the photodegradation process, reaching ~50% of MB removal. The stability tests indicated that composite films were moderately stable after the three performed reusability cycles. Thus, these results suggest that POM modification of TiO2 can improve the adsorption and photodegradation capacity of semiconductors.

Triple‐structured polyvinylidene fluoride‐based composite films with high conductivity and EM shielding properties

AbstractFunctionalized thin films with excellent flexibility and conductivity can meet the current requirements for electromagnetic(EM) shielding materials. In this paper, 2D transitions metal carbide and nitride nanomaterials Ti3C2Tx MXene were prepared by chemical exfoliation, and PVDF/MWCNTs/3 wt%/RGO@Fe3O4@ AgNWs‐10 based on PVDF/MWCNTs‐3 wt%/RGO@Fe3O4@AgNWs‐10, The samples were prepared through a simple solution mixing process followed by vacuum‐assisted filtration (VAF), and PVDF/MWCNTs/MXene/RGO@Fe3O4@AgNWs three‐layer PVDF‐based composite films, which were analyzed for electrical conductivity and EM shielding properties, which increased and then decreased with the rise in the Ti3C2Tx MXene content, in which the highest electrical conductivity of the three‐layer composite films of M3/MX‐10/R@F@Ag was obtained when the Ti3C2Tx MXene addition amount reached 10 mL as 3.9 × 103 S/m, the EMI SET is 54.9 dB, the EMI SEA is 44.8 dB, the absorption loss is 81.6%, and the SSEt of the M3/MX‐10/R@F@Ag three‐layer composite film is the highest 1672.5 dB/(cm−2·g). And the SEA/SER ratios of the M3/MX‐X/R@F@Ag three‐layer composite films are all greater than 1. The result shows that the EM attenuation mechanism of the M3/MX‐X/R@F@Ag three‐layer composite films is primarily driven by absorption loss and that the incorporation of Ti3C2Tx Mxene improves the EM shielding performance of the composite films. The relatively novel exploration of the performance study and structural design of the M3/MX‐X/R@F@Ag three‐layer EM shielding composite film provides structural design and research ideas for the application of the new MXenes material in EM shielding composites.Highlights The addition of Ti3C2Tx MXene will generate more conductive network nodules A complete 3D conductive network is constructed in the membrane This paper discusses the influence of Ti3C2Tx MXene on EM shielding Multiple internal reflections of EMW between Ti3C2Tx MXene 2D nanosheets The EM shielding mechanism of the film is discussed from the angle of 3D

A novel ε-polylysine-reinforced pullulan/curdlan-active film for an efficient preservation of fresh-cut fruit and vegetable.

In this study, a novel active film was developed by employing ε-polylysine (ε-PL) as a filler in pullulan/curdlan (P/CD) composite film (P/CD/ε-PL). The results showed that the structure of P/CD films was more uniform and denser compared to pullulan films, due to the good compatibility and intermolecular interaction between them. Among P/CD films, P/CD 6:1 film showed improved hydrophobicity, mechanical and barrier properties, and thermal stability, thereby selecting it for further use. Thereafter, the addition of ε-PL further enhanced the structural and physicochemical properties of prepared P/CD/ε-PL composite films, especially for P/CD/2.5%ε-PL composite film. It exhibited improved ultraviolet barrier (about 80% at 200-400nm), antibacterial activity (>90% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), and anti-fog properties (clearly visible and transparent background). Furthermore, P/CD/2.5%ε-PL composite film exerted its preservation effect on fresh-cut peppers and kiwis during storage, delaying the softening, consumption of soluble solids, and deterioration. Therefore, the developed P/CD/2.5%ε-PL composite film provided promising applications of active packing film. Practical Application: Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are prone to deteriorate during storage, and active packaging films play a crucial role in retaining their quality. This study was conducted to prepare a composite film by blending pullulan, curdlan, and ε-PL and explore its structural, physicochemical, and functional properties, further verifying the preservation effect on fresh-cut peppers and kiwis. Compared to polyethylene film, the P/CD/2.5%ε-PL composite film delayed the softening, consumption of soluble solids, and deterioration of fresh-cut peppers and kiwis during storage. It provides a new perspective on the preservation of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.

The Fabrication of Polyimide-Based Tunable Charge Traps Ternary Memristors Doped with Ni-Co Coated Carbon Composite Nanofibers

In the dynamic fields of information science and electronic technology, there is a notable trend towards leveraging carbon materials, favored for their ease of synthesis, biocompatibility, and abundance. This trend is particularly evident in the development of memristors, benefiting from the unique electronic properties of carbon to enhance device performance. This study utilizes sensitized chemical evaporation and spin-coating carbonization techniques to fabricate nickel-cobalt coated carbon composite nanofibers (SC-NCMNTs). Novel polyimide (PI) matrix composite memory devices were fabricated using in situ polymerization technology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy analyses validated the presence of dual interface structures located between the Ni-Co-MWNTs, carbon composite nanofibers, and PI matrix, revealing a significant number of defects within the SC-NCMNTs/PI composite films. Consequently, this results in a tunable charge trap-based ternary resistive switching behavior of the composite memory devices, exhibiting a high ON/OFF current ratio of 104 and a retention time of 2500 s at an operating voltage of less than 3 V. The mechanism of resistive switching is thoroughly elucidated through a comprehensive charge transport model, incorporating molecular orbital energy levels. This study provides valuable insights for the rational design and fabrication of efficient memristors characterized by multilevel resistive switching states.

Phototuning of Multi-Color Emission in PMMA Composite Films for Information Encryption Applications

A strategy centered on dynamically tunable excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) processes is proposed for the design and synthesis of luminescent compounds. An emitter based on guanidine-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide (R-1) with ESPT characteristics has been meticulously engineered. Upon incorporation into poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices, the tunable ESPT process, transitioning between blue and yellow-green emission within the composite film, can be precisely controlled through irradiation in different pH environments. Moreover, the luminescence of the R-1/PMMA composite film exhibits variations in response to environmental changes, and demonstrates excellent fatigue resistance. Exploiting this characteristic, information such as “2020” can be encoded, and this encoded information automatically manifests in response to fluctuations in external pH. Specifically, employing a designated method is essential for accurately deciphering the information. The pH-dependent nature of this feature imparts a higher level of security to the material and offers new insights into information encryption.

Low-temperature Deposited Highly Sensitive Integrated All-Solid Electrodes for Electrochemical pH Detection

This article describes the process of fabricating an integrated all-solid electrode (IASE) by integrating thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO<i>2</i>) and silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The fabrication of a pH sensing electrode (SE) involved utilizing a spin-coated thin film composed of TiO<i>2</i>. Thermally produced thin films of Ag/AgCl were used to develop solid reference electrodes (RE). The present work examined the impact of the drying process on the pH sensitivity and linearity of the low-temperature deposited IASE. The drying procedure was carried out within a temperature range from room temperature to 100°C. The investigation involved the examination of crystallinity, surface morphology, and thin film composition through the utilization of field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) methods. In addition, a comparison was made between the pH sensing performance of the IASE and a commercially available Ag/AgCl RE. The findings of this research demonstrate that the IASE sample, which underwent a drying process at a temperature of 100°C, exhibited remarkable sensitivity and linearity values of 66.7 mV/pH and 0.9827, separately, when compared to the commercially available RE.