Tensile Strength Of Composites Research Articles

Influence of nanomagnesium oxide fillers on tensile and impact strength of banana fibre-reinforced epoxy composites

Influence of nanomagnesium oxide fillers on tensile and impact strength of banana fibre-reinforced epoxy composites

Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Strength of Natural and Glass Fabric Composites Fabricated Using Vat-Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing

Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Strength of Natural and Glass Fabric Composites Fabricated Using Vat-Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing

Melamine-based biomass-containing P/N synergistic flame retardants confer superb flame retardancy and toughness to epoxy resins

Epoxy resin (EPs) coatings for aircraft need to have good flame retardant properties and toughness. On the other hand, to meet the needs of sustainable development, EPs also have high environmental friendliness and low cost requirements. In light of this, a one-pot approach was used to create a bio-based phosphorus‑nitrogen synergistic flame retardant (MDV) employing DOPO, vanillin, and MA as raw materials. The results showed that MDV can give EP superb flame retardancy and toughness. With the addition of 3 wt% MDV, the tensile and flexural strengths of EP composites increased by 13.6 % and 14.5 %, respectively, and the impact strength increased from 13.9 KJ/m2 to 43.1 KJ/m2. The excellent toughness enhancement comes from the fact that the structure of MDV itself can preferentially consume and dissipate energy when counteracting external impacts. In addition, MDV/EP also has excellent flame retardant properties, showing good self-extinguishing capability off fire in tests. Compared with pure EP, the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR) of 7-MDV/EP composites were reduced by 45.3 % and 64.5 %, respectively. Mechanistic analyzes showed that the segregation of the condensed phase and the gas-phase flame-retardant effect both originated from the P/N synergistic effect, which was the source of the excellent flame-retardant effect of MDV/EP.

Estimation of Tensile and Flexure Strength of Hybrid Composites along with Epoxy as Matrix and Jute & E-Glass as Reinforcements

The natural fibers have the good properties such as mechanical and physical than artificial fibers in a many cases during the fabrication of composite materials that are used in many engineering applications. Also hybridization of fibers leads to impotent of mechanical properties these composites used in interior of aerospace vehicles, automobiles bumpers, decorative items, window panels, interior paneling, etc. where application pf load is very less. This research work is concentrated on the evolution of hybrid composite of Jute/E-glass reinforced with matrix epoxy using Hand layup method. Laminated composites specimens are prepared by calculating the required number of fiber layers and quantity of matrix based on the different volume fraction. The testing specimens are prepared for Tensile and Bending test as per standard of ASTM. The Universal Testing Machine is used to conducted Tensile and Bending test and results are plotted the graphs.

Improving composite performance by cellulose-based Ceiba petandra fiber coating

ABSTRACT Composites are expected to have good properties, such as water and moisture resistance. They require fibres that can bind well to a polymer matrix. Therefore, modification on a fibre surface was performed to improve hydrophobic behaviour and fibre–matrix interfacial bonds. The modification was done by conducting Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil coating. In this study, Ceiba pentandra fibre was modified using alkali treatment and coating. The results revealed that double treatment of alkali and coating produced the best Ceiba pentandra fibre properties. The lowest water absorption of the alkali-coated Ceiba pentandra fibre composite was 3.17%, and the tensile strength increased by 52.78%, indicating an increase in the fibre–matrix interfacial bond. The coating was effective to prevent water absorption and increase composite tensile strength. Alkali coating on Ceiba pentandra fibre, besides alkali treatment, can be an alternative to improve a fibre’s performance.

Exploring the synergistic effects of graphene on the mechanical and vibrational response of kenaf/pineapple fiber‐reinforced hybrid composites

AbstractThe automotive, aerospace, and sports industries are increasingly utilizing hybrid composites made from natural fiber reinforcements. This study evaluated the performance of a composite made from kenaf and pineapple fibers, manufactured using the compression molding process, with graphene nanoparticles added at varying weight concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%. Results showed that adding 0.5 wt% graphene increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strength of hybrid composite by 133.75%, 90.24%, and 25.67%, respectively. Microstructural analysis revealed that graphene integration has enhanced the interfacial bond between the fiber and the matrix, creating resin‐rich areas. Furthermore, the free vibrational analysis indicated that graphene‐infused composites exhibited higher natural frequencies, improving their energy‐absorbing capabilities. Water absorption tests demonstrated that the inclusion of graphene reduced water penetration by improving interfacial bonding, minimizing voids, and decreasing surface energy, which limited water pathways in the composite. Furthermore, the composites with 0.5 wt% graphene showed a contact angle of 80.8°, indicating lower hydrophilicity compared to neat composites, which had a contact angle of 70.7°. This research emphasizes the advantages of hybrid composite materials derived from kenaf and pineapple fibers, specifically for applications in vehicle interiors and construction, including wall panels and separators.Highlights Hybrid composite was prepared using the compression molding process. Adding 0.5 wt% graphene improved the mechanical properties of composites. Hybrid composites with lower wt% graphene had higher natural frequencies. The composites with 0.5 wt% graphene had better water absorption properties.

WASTE EGGSHELL AND SAWDUST AS REINFORCEMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE POLYESTER COMPOSITES: MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DURABILITY ASSESSMENT

This research endeavor undertakes an experimental investigation into the bending and tensile properties of polyester composites reinforced with waste eggshell powder and sawdust particles at 35 wt.%. Valorizing these waste materials as reinforcements contributes to sustainable practices, waste minimization, and environmental pollution mitigation. Composite samples were fabricated using hand lay-up and compression molding techniques. The effects of environmental exposure to water, acidic, and basic media immersion on the mechanical performance were evaluated to assess durability. Experimental characterization through tensile and three-point bending tests determined mechanical properties, stress-strain behavior, and failure mechanisms. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) simulations complemented the experiments by providing insights into stress distributions, deformations, and potential failure initiation sites within the composites under flexural loading. The computational models accurately captured the reinforcing effects of the waste materials and the degradation induced by environmental exposure, validating the experimental trends. Incorporating waste natural fibers significantly enhanced polyester's bending strength by 140% (sawdust) and 75% (eggshell), and tensile strength by 13% (sawdust) and 10% (eggshell). However, environmental exposure degraded properties to varying extents, with water immersion reducing tensile strength by 63% (sawdust) and 3% (eggshell), and flexural strength by 63% (sawdust) and 3% (eggshell). The acidic medium caused 58% (sawdust) and 23% (eggshell) reductions in tensile strength, and similar flexural strength degradations. Strikingly, the basic medium decreased eggshell composite tensile strength by 170% and flexural strength by 6%, while sawdust composite strengths declined by 44%.

Investigation of the Influence of Al2O3 Particles on the Microhardness and Tensile Strength of PA6 Composites

Polyamide is a high-performance synthetic plastic known for its strength, durability, flexibility, chemical resistance, and low cost, making it widely used in engineering, automotive, and electrical. However, the surface and mechanical properties can be further enhanced to meet the growing demands of advanced engineering applications. This study aims to investigate the influence of Al2O3 particles on the hardness of polyamide 6 (PA6). The Al2O3 was mixed with PA6 at weight percentages (wt.%) of 0.3% and 1.5% then were fabricated into composite plates using compression molding and subsequently. As a result, the composites achieved higher microhardness and tensile strength compared to the matrix with increases of 13.3% and 7.3% achieved by incorporating 0.3 wt.% of reinforcement, respectively. This result suggests that Al2O3 has the potential to improve the surface properties and mechanical strength of the matrix material.

Modelling for Predicting and Optimizing of the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Sisal/Carbon Fibre Nano-Composite through RSM

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of fibre orientation on the tensile and flexural strength of composites composed of sisal and carbon fibres, with fibre orientation of 10, 25, and 40°. Furthermore, the research sought to ascertain the optimal parameters for the therapeutic procedure. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) was utilized to develop and analyze the experiments. The main objective was to optimize crucial elements such as, fibre orientation and the composition of sisal and carbon fibres. This methodology was utilized to construct quadratic models for forecasting the tensile and flexural strength of the composites. The optimal parameters are 60° orientation and a composition of 40% of each fibre. Under these circumstances, the composite exhibited a 34.27% increase in tensile strength and a 22.76% increase in flexural strength when compared to the minimum values obtained from RSM optimization. The notable enhancement demonstrates that the fibre orientation can effectively increase the tensile and flexural strength, as well as improve the adhesion between natural fibres and polymer matrices.

Optimizing the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Flax/Sisal with SiO2 Nanocomposites Using Response Surface Methodology

This study aimed to examine the impact of fiber orientation on the tensile and flexural strengths of composites composed of Flax and sisal fibers, particularly at orientations of 0, 45, and 90 degrees. Furthermore, the research sought to determine the most effective parameters for the treatment process. The researchers utilized Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in conjunction with Central Composite Designs (CCD) to develop and analyze their studies. The main objective was to enhance crucial variables such as fiber alignment and the proportions of flax and sisal fibers. Quadratic models were employed in this study to forecast the tensile and bending characteristics of the materials. The best tensile strength (TS) was reached by meticulously experimenting with the fiber orientation and altering the amounts of flax and sisal fibers. The most effective parameter was a fiber orientation of 0 degrees, with a combination of flax and sisal fibers at a concentration of 60 percent each. Under these circumstances, the composite exhibited a significant improvement of 35% in tensile strength and 26% in bending strength when compared to the lowest values achieved with RSM optimization. The notable enhancements demonstrate that aligning the fibers can effectively increase the tensile and flexural strength (FS) and strengthen the bonding between natural fibers and polymer matrix structures.

Investigation on the Microstructure, Microhardness and Tensile Strength of Stir-Casted A713-TiB2 Composites

Investigation on the Microstructure, Microhardness and Tensile Strength of Stir-Casted A713-TiB2 Composites

Use of Recycled Additive Materials to Promote Efficient Use of Resources While Acting as an Effective Toughness Modifier of Wood-Polymer Composites.

Wood-polymer composites (WPCs) with polypropylene (PP) matrix suffer from low toughness, and fossil-based impact modifiers are used to improve their performance. Material substitution of virgin fossil-based materials and material recycling are key aspects of sustainable development and therefore recycled denim fabric, and elastomer were evaluated to replace the virgin elastomer modifier commonly used in commercial WPCs. Microtomography images showed that the extrusion process fibrillated the denim fabric into long, thin fibers that were well dispersed within the WPC, while the recycled elastomer was found close to the wood fibers, acting as a soft interphase between the wood fibers and PP. The fracture toughness (KIC) of the WPC with recycled denim fabric matched the commercial WPC which was 1.4 MPa m1/2 and improved the composite tensile strength by 18% and E-modulus by 54%. Recycled elastomer resulted in slightly lower KIC, 1.1 MPa m1/2, as well as strength and modulus while increasing elongation and contributing to toughness. The results of this study showed that recycled materials can potentially be used to replace virgin fossil-based elastomeric modifiers in commercial WPCs, thereby reducing the CO2 footprint by 23% and contributing to more efficient use of resources.

Influence of reinforcement phase content on mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite/carbon fiber/polyether-ether-ketone composites 3D printed by screw extrusion

Hydroxyapatite/polyether-ether-ketone (HA/PEEK) composites are promising prosthesis materials due to their biological activity, but they often have mechanical properties that fall short of clinical requirements, typically with HA content below 40 wt%. This study utilized a customized screw extrusion-based 3D printhead, incorporating carbon fiber (CF) to produce HA/CF/PEEK composites with enhanced mechanical properties and HA content up to 60 wt%. The investigation focused on the effects of HA and CF content on the crystallization process and mechanical properties. Results showed that HA and CF affect crystallization differently due to varying densities; a phase volume ratio above 20 % inhibits crystallization. The elongation at break for composites with 10 wt% HA was 27.9 %, a record for 3D-printed HA/PEEK composites. The tensile strength for composites with 10 wt% HA and 40 wt% CF reached 115.7 MPa, the highest among the tested three-phase composites. Data fitting indicated that the effects of HA and CF on strength are independent. The toughness decreases exponentially with increased reinforcing phase content. This study explored a new method for preparing HA/PEEK and HA/CF/PEEK composites, expanding the performance boundaries of PEEK composites, enhancing their potential applications in bone implants.

Fabrication and Characterization of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polymer-based Decorative Composites: Effect of Gamma Radiation

The jute fibre (JF) reinforced polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and epoxy resin (ER) matrix composites were developed. The JF content was maintained to 30% by weight. Then tensile properties and impact strength were measured. The finest tensile properties were found for JF/PP composites. The tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (Eb%), and impact strength (IS) of the JF/PP composites were found to be 38.00 MPa, 1800 MPa, 12%, and 8.20 kJ/m2 respectively. The bonds between JF and polymers of the developed composites were investigated and found good adhesion. The composite samples were exposed to gamma ray and it was found that gamma radiation have the potential to improve the tensile and impact strength of the JF-based polymer composites. The JF content polymer-based decorative composites were also developed. The outcomes of this investigation showed a minor decrease of the tensile and impact strength of the composites but enhanced the beauty of the composites noticeably. The developed JF/polymer composites have sufficient mechanical strength for many applications pretty. J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 5(1): 75-82, 2023

Utilisation of dolomite dust with pure epoxy resin: Physical, mechanical and erosion wear analysis

AbstractUtilization of inorganic waste, if included in composite material, can be beneficial in reducing the accumulation of waste, which could help in resolving problems of disposal. beside from that, incorporating waste into composite materials also reduces the overall cost of the composites as a whole. The study examines the impact of dolomite content on the mechanical properties of the composites. Increasing the amount of dolomite in the composite significantly weakens its flexural strength, falling from 42.4 MPa at 0 % dolomite to 28.7 MPa at 15 % dolomite. Composite tensile strength also decreases by up to 25.8 % with rising dolomite dust concentration. Additionally, dolomite increases interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), with EDH15 composites showing the highest improvement. Dolomite dust in epoxy‐based composites increases the hardness value from 85 HRL to 95 HRL with an increase in dolomite dust content. The erosion test perform on air jet tester shows lowest wear rate was achieved under the following conditions: 10 % dolomite dust weight, 30° impingement angle, 10 m s−1 impact velocity, and 150 μm erodent size. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the damaged, eroded surfaces for assumed wear mechanisms.

Explainable AI Techniques for Comprehensive Analysis of the Relationship between Process Parameters and Material Properties in FDM-Based 3D-Printed Biocomposites

This study investigates the complex relationships between process parameters and material properties in FDM-based 3D-printed biocomposites using explainable AI techniques. We examine the effects of key parameters, including biochar content (BC), layer thickness (LT), raster angle (RA), infill pattern (IP), and infill density (ID), on the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of FDM-printed pure PLA and biochar-reinforced PLA composites. Mechanical testing was used to measure the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), flexural strength (FS), and impact strength (IS) of the 3D-printed samples. The extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithm was used to build a predictive model based on the data collected from mechanical testing. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME), and Partial Dependence Plot (PDP) techniques were implemented to understand the effects of the interactions of key parameters on mechanical properties such as UTS, FS, and IS. Prediction by XGB was accurate for UTS, FS, and IS, with R-squared values of 0.96, 0.95, and 0.85, respectively. The explanation showed that infill density has the most significant influence on UTS and FS, with SHAP values of +2.75 and +5.8, respectively. BC has the most significant influence on IS, with a SHAP value of +2.69. PDP reveals that using 0.3 mm LT and 30° RA enhances mechanical properties. This study contributes to the field of the application of artificial intelligence in additive manufacturing. A novel approach is presented in which machine learning and XAI techniques such as SHAP, LIME, and PDP are combined and used not only for optimization but also to provide valuable insights about the interaction of the process parameters with mechanical properties.

Multifunctional Ta4C3Tx MXene/HTPP - PBS composites with multi cross-linking systems to cope with complex nuclear environments

The development of multifunctional radiation protection materials is crucial to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment in complex nuclear environments. Herein, a flexible radiation protection material integrating self-healing, thermal management, and behaviour response was prepared from Ta4C3Tx MXene, Hydrogen-terminated phenyl polysiloxane, and Polyborosiloxane through esterification, “thiol-ene click” hydrosilylation reaction using L(+)-Cysteine as a bridge. The results showed that when Ta4C3Tx MXene reached 20 wt%, the tensile strength of composite was 0.6321 MPa with the self-healing rate at 90.22 %. And the gauge factor of the material reached 25.83 at 100 % strain. This compensated for the gap between low strain and high sensitivity. Additionally, the multilayer structure of Ta4C3Tx MXene and the absorption properties of Tantalum enable the material to attenuate γ-rays through absorption and scattering mechanisms. The attenuation capability of Ta2O5 and Ta4C3Tx MXene fillers for 59.6 KeV γ-rays was compared at the same Tantalum content. When the Tantalum content reaches 23.81 wt%, the Ta4C3Tx MXene composite contains 20 wt% filler and has an attenuation coefficient of 0.757. Similarly, the Ta2O5 composite contains 22.5 wt% filler and has an attenuation coefficient of 0.734. These results are significant for improving temperature and behaviour monitoring of workers in low-temperature nuclear environments.

Effect of clamshell powder on the mechanical and damping properties of epoxy-bamboo composites

Compared to single natural fibre composites, hybridising natural fibres with filler particles presents a promising avenue for enhancing composites physical, mechanical, and damping properties. This study delves into incorporating clamshell powder, a filler derived from clams’ hard protective outer shells, into polymer composites. The focus is on investigating the potential of clamshell powder as a filler material to augment the mechanical and damping properties of epoxy-bamboo mat composites. The weight ratio of clamshell fillers varied from 0% to 9%, and the compression moulding method was used to fabricate the composites. As per ASTM standards, mechanical properties were evaluated by conducting tensile and flexural tests. Free vibration tests by impact hammer technique were employed to evaluate the natural frequency, damping ratio, and mode shapes of developed composites to measure damping properties. Results revealed that adding clamshell filler significantly improved composites tensile strength, flexural strength, and damping properties. The addition of clamshell elevated the tensile strength by 18.5%, and flexural strength by 24.2% for composite with 6 wt% filler, which can be attributed to the efficiency of load transfer and the interfacial bonding between fillers and epoxy matrix. SEM analysis supported the experimental results obtained. The highest damping value is received for 9 wt% filler, showing 30% enhancement compared to composites without clamshell filler. Modal analyses using ANSYS software further validated the positive impact of clamshell filler. This study underscores the potential of clamshell filler in enhancing the mechanical and damping properties of epoxy-bamboo composites, broadening their applicability in various fields.

A Multiscale Modeling and Experimental Study on the Tensile Strength of Plain-Woven Composites with Hybrid Bonded-Bolted Joints.

CFRP hybrid bonded-bolted (HBB) joints combine the advantages of traditional joining methods, namely adhesive bonding, and bolting, to achieve optimal connection performance, making them the most favored connection method. The structural parameters of CFRP HBB joints, including overlap length, bolt-hole spacing, and fit clearance relationships, have a complex impact on connection performance. To enhance the connectivity performance of joint structures, this paper develops a multiscale finite element analysis model to investigate the impact of structural parameters on the strength of CFRP HBB joint structures. Coupled with experimental validation, the study reveals how changes in structural parameters affect the unidirectional tensile failure force of the joints. Building on this, an analytical approach and inverse design methodology for the mechanical properties of CFRP HBB joints based on deep supervised learning algorithms are developed. Neural networks accurately and efficiently predict the performance of joints with unprecedented combinations of parameters, thus expediting the inverse design process. This research combines experimentation and multiscale finite element analysis to explore the unknown relationships between the mechanical properties of CFRP HBB joints and their structural parameters. Furthermore, leveraging DNN neural networks, a rapid calculation method for the mechanical properties of hybrid joints is proposed. The findings lay the groundwork for the broader application and more intricate design of composite materials and their connection structures.

Mechanical, thermal and biodegradation studies of highly degradable composite films of pectin/guar gum/ polyvinylpyrrolidone with rice crop residues: a future vision of packaging and mulch films

ABSTRACT In the present work, eco-friendly composites were fabricated using pectin/guar gum/ polyvinylpyrrolidone blend as matrix and agriculture waste like rice husk and rice straw as reinforcements. Rice husk and rice straw are treated with an alkali solution and then incorporated into the matrix by solvent casting method. The amount of rice husk/rice straw varied from 5% to 15% of the total polymer content. The interaction between polymers and reinforcements is studied by FTIR which shows the presence of hydrogen bonding among the components. SEM images were used to confirm the homogeneous distribution of rice husk/rice straw in the composite films. Thermogravimetry analysis of the composites and the control (blend) film shows that there is an improvement in thermal degradation stability upon the incorporation of reinforcements. The tensile strength of composites is also augmented when compared with the control film (24.61 MPa) and the composite with 10% rice husk has a maximum (29.41 MPa) tensile strength. The biodegradation study of the composite films is performed by the soil burial method.