Composition Of Oil Research Articles

Chemical Compositions, Molecular Docking, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Effects of the Leaf Essential Oils Isolated from Three Species of the Rutaceae Family in Vietnam.

Three species of the Rutaceae family, including Acronychia pedunculata, Euodia lepta, and Severinia monophylla have been used in traditional medicine. However, the comparison of the chemical composition, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf essential oils of these species have not been investigated yet. A total of 38 compounds were identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, comprising 96.5-99.8% of the total composition. Both A. pedunculata and E. lepta essential oils exhibited strong inhibitory effects against cancer cells (IC50: 59.04-97.52 µg/mL) while that of S. monophylla showed a lower anti-cancer effect (IC50>100 µg/mL). Among three essential oils, only the E. lepta leaf oil demonstrated a high anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated macrophages (IC50=6.47 ± 0.65 µg/mL), while the other showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect (IC50>50 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies also suggested the binding potential of the key compounds from three essential oils against inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, two proteins associated with inflammatory response, with the negative energies ranging from -41.0 to -71.9 kcal/mol. The present findings suggest the leaf essential oils from these species as potential medicines for treatment of cancer or inflammation associated diseases, especially the ones from A. pedunculata and E. lepta oils.

Phytochemical Characterization of the Aerial Parts of Teucrium nuchense K. Koch: An Endemic Species of Caucasian Flora

Background: The genus Teucrium L. is frequently employed in traditional medicine, primarily for addressing disorders of the digestive and respiratory systems. Biological investigations focused on essential oils have substantiated their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and anti-rheumatic properties. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the chemical composition and biological activities of the aerial parts of the endemic species Teucrium nuchense K. Koch. Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay and tested on normal skin fibroblasts (WS-1). Additionally, the antiinflammatory efficacy was assessed by monitoring nitric oxide production. The total phenolic content in the aqueous, methanolic, and chloroformic extracts was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Individual compounds were isolated using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Their identification was accomplished using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with an ESI-Q-TOF detector in conjunction with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results: The essential oil yield was 0.32 ml/kg. Caryophyllene oxide, constituting 15.19 %, and 1- octen-3-ol, constituting 8.75%, emerged as the primary components in the essential oil. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes dominated the terpenic compounds, representing 25.1 % of the essential oil. The aqueous and methanolic extracts displayed a notable phenolic content, with percentages of 27 ± 2 % and 35 ± 0.1 %, respectively. Both the aqueous and methanolic extracts demonstrated robust antioxidant activity in the ORAC test and in vitro assessments using WS-1 cells. The methanolic extract, at a concentration of 160 μg/ml, inhibited NO formation by 90 %, without toxicity in RAW 264.7. Individual compounds, teucrioside from the phenylethanoid glycoside class, two neo-clerodane diterpenes, teucrin A, and 6-alpha-hydroxyteuscordine, were isolated. Conclusion: The essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Teucrium nuchense is characterized by the presence of caryophyllene oxide and 1-octen-3-ol. The methanolic extract exhibits notable antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties, whereas the aqueous extract demonstrates high antioxidant activity. Additionally, three compounds of teucrioside, teucrin A, and 6-α- hydroxyteuscordine have been isolated and characterized.

Essential Oils from the Leaves and Stem Barks of Pluchea indica (L.) Less.: Chemical Analysis, Cytotoxicity, Anti-inflammation, Antimicrobial Activity, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Profiling.

Pluchea indica(L.) Less. is a medicinal plant native to Asia. Traditionally, it is known for numerous traditional uses, such as treatments for fever, cough, and digestive issues. The present investigation aims to determine the chemical compositions of essential oils from its fresh leaves and stem barks. By using hydro-distillation and the GC-FID/MS (gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry) analysis, the studied samples were dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (76.8-82.2%) and their oxygenated derivatives (8.4-19.0%). β-Selinene (42.0-43.5%) and silphinene (21.1-22.9%) were the main compounds. Significantly, the stem bark essential oil strongly monitored the growth of four cancer cell lines K562, HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 with IC50values of 2.89-7.34 µg/mL. Both studied samples showed strong anti-inflammatory activity against NO (nitric oxide) production with IC50values of 21.81-23.18 µg/mL. The studied sample also exhibited antimicrobial activity at different levels. The molecular docking study revealed that β-selinene exhibited the strongest binding affinity for all four cancer-related protein targets: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 (ABL1), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-α). The ADMET profiles of the major compounds were also predicted to provide insights for further research considerations.

Larvicidal activity and chemical composition of essential oils against Aedes aegypti Linn (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae)

Introduction Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors of the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Essential oils have been used in research as alternatives to the synthetic insecticides traditionally used in programs to control these diseases. Methods: leaves of plants from the Caatinga biome were used to obtain essential oils which were used for larvicide essays against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae. Results: significant differences were observed in the LC50 values of C. zeylanicum, C. winterianus, E. citriodora, O. micranthum, and T. erecta essential oils in Ae. aegypti, while these differences were observed for A. conyzoides, C. winterianus, E. citriodora, and O. micranthum essential oils in Ae. albopictus, at the analyzed times. The LC50 for 24 h revealed a significant larvicidal effect for all tested samples, with emphasis on the effect of A. conyzoides and L. gracilis essential oils on Ae. aegypti, and the effect of A. conyzoides, C. zeylanicum, C. winterianus, L. gracilis, and O. micranthum essential oils on Ae. albopictus, all with an LC50 < 100 ppm. It was observed a predominance of terpenes as components in the essential oils, and, in some of them, representing the major constituent (citronellal: 47.71% in E. citriodora and 47.63% in C. winterianus; geraniol: 30.54% in C. winterianus; citronellol: 25.61% in E. citriodora; carvacrol: 55.13% in L. gracilis; and cyclohexen-1-one, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-: 69.94% in T. erecta). The other major compounds observed were precocene (chromene - 97.66% - A. conyzoides), and eugenol (phenylpropanoid - 96.28% and 73.21% - C. zeylanicum and O. micranthum, respectively). Conclusions: the findings of this study revealed the larvicidal potential of these essential oils on Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus control, representing an alternative source to the traditional chemical controls used against the populations of these vectors. Further studies on the effects on non-target organisms and the combined action of two or more essential oils evaluated under field conditions are essential for obtaining commercially efficient formulations of these extracts.

Innovative Technology of Continuous-Steam Distillation with Packed Column to Obtain Essential Oil-Differentiated Fractions from Mexican Lime (Citrus aurantifolia)

Continuous distillation (CD) by steam is a patented emerging technology that allows us to obtain essential-oil fractions from citrus juices. It presents benefits such as reducing steam consumption by 50%, lowering environmental impact, and, by its design, obtaining fractions enriched in terpenic and oxygenated compounds that can be further processed. The CD of essential oils from Mexican lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) was studied and the results were compared with conventional steam distillation (batch) in terms of steam consumption, extraction yield, chemical composition, and quality of the essential oils. Different steam flows were used: distillation without a packed column (sc); with packed column (cc); and steam flows of 10, 15, and 20 mL/min with a reflux ratio of 0.5, 1, and 2, respectively. CD was superior in terms of composition, extraction energy savings (0.63 kg steam/kg juice with 1.39 kg steam/kg juice in the conventional), and the extraction yield recovery efficiency was >90%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extracted essential oils indicated that the use of CD with a column increases the fractionation of volatile compounds. The result of this study demonstrates that CD can be used as an alternative method to extract the essential oil from lime or any citrus fruit, obtaining differentiated fractions in aroma and composition.

Ecological study of false saffron in Russia, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan to ensure food security

Safflower oilseed is a crop native to Egypt and India with arid climates. Global warming in the world requires an alternative approach to well-known oilseeds (sunflower, rapeseed). Many years of research have been carried out to study the culture of safflower oilseed in contrasting natural conditions Russia, Southern Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan. The goal was to study the biological characteristics, productivity, accumulation of oil content, and the manifestation of the main disease in arid conditions and to create a variety with adaptive potential for a specific region. Based on the research results, new varieties of safflower oilseed Krasa Stupinskaya (Russia), Akmai, Nurlan, Iirkas, and Moldir-2008 (Kazakhstan), Shifo (Tajikistan) were created and recommended for sustainable farming in the above regions. In terms of the accumulation of oil and fatty acid composition in the seeds, the Krasa Stupinskaya variety from the Central region of the Russian Federation is at the level of southern varieties from Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. In a warming climate, the above varieties will ensure food security in their countries due to stable yields, sufficient accumulation of oil content in seeds and disease resistance.

Assessment of nutrient differences in detached soil particles between cropland and revegetated abandoned land

AbstractCropland (CRL) abandonment is a worldwide phenomenon of land use change with significant impacts on agro‐ecosystems. This research attempts to deepen the analysis of the positive and negative effects arising by focusing on the changes in soil properties and the amount and composition of soil particles detached after several periods of rainfall and the resulting exported sediment that occurs in abandoned areas with natural revegetation compared to CRL. The study was carried out in an agroforestry catchment with a temperate climate, on which CRL and abandoned land with natural vegetation were compared. The soil was sampled along two representative hillslopes integrating elements of the landscape and land use/land covers. Sediments were collected after seven periods in which flood events were recorded during the period July 2016 to December 2017, using artificial‐lawn mats. Soil and sediment composition (texture, soil organic carbon [SOC] and nutrients [total nitrogen and total phosphorous]) under both land uses were assessed and compared and related to rainfall characteristics using principal component analysis. Nutrient enrichment factors in the sediments compared to soils were also evaluated. The results highlight that after abandonment, SOC increased significantly, reaching contents almost three times higher than in CRL. Consequently, soil erodibility decreased, resulting in substantially lower sediment generation after erosive rainfall events. On average, sediment generation was three times lower in abandoned areas than in CRL, despite their steeper slopes. Soil total nitrogen also increased on abandoned lands, reaching values about twice as high as those in CRL. However, total phosphorous content was almost twice as high in CRL than in abandoned land posing a potential risk for water due to higher erosion rates recorded in CRL. The results confirmed the association of phosphorous with smaller particles and also demonstrated the total phosphorous‐SOC link in abandoned land. Furthermore, the effect of rainfall intensity on phosphorous mobilisation was confirmed, whilst nitrogen losses were mainly related to the total amount of rainfall recorded. In a scenario of increasing extreme precipitation, both total amount and increased precipitation intensity may exacerbate water pollution problems following nutrient loss in cultivated areas. This research contributes to identifying the impacts on agroforestry systems within the current context of converting natural areas into cultivated land, whilst in other regions revegetated natural areas are developed from abandoned agricultural land.

Variation in the essential oil composition of wild Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss. populations collected from Iran

Variation in the essential oil composition of wild Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss. populations collected from Iran

An Improved Prediction Model for Miscibility Characterization and Optimization of CO2 and Associated Gas Co-injection

Insufficient reservoir pressure and gas source problems seriously limit effective applications of CO2 flooding in hydrocarbon reservoirs. An attractive strategy is to co-inject the produced associated hydrocarbon gas with CO2 to achieve miscible/near-miscible flooding to enhance oil recovery. However, the composition of the injected mixture and the in-situ spatio-temporal composition evolution of the displacing/displaced fluids significantly affect the CO2-oil miscibility and the overall hydrocarbon recovery performance. In this work, based on slim tube simulation results, a prediction model of minimum miscible pressure (MMP)/minimum near-miscible pressure (MNMP) is established. This model takes into account the effects of CO2 concentration distribution, oil composition and temperature changes to achieve accurate spatiotemporal characterization of miscibility in the reservoir. In addition, the distribution law of the phase and components front for the impure CO2 injection process was also investigated. The miscible volume factor and recovery efficiency were used as the basis for judging the minimum injection concentration limit of CO2. The simulation results of slim tube experiment indicate that the MMP and MNMP obtained are 16.74 MPa and 12.35 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the error caused by the traditional slim tube experiment can be reduced by using the CO2 produced fraction. It is found that CO2 injection concentration and reservoir temperature are the main factors affecting miscibility, but injection rate has less effect. Moreover, the fast migration of CH4 front leads to the shrinkage of miscible/near-miscible zone, which is not conducive to CO2 flooding. Finally, the CO2 injection concentration of non-breakthrough stage, breakthrough stage and large-scale breakthrough stage was determined to be 78.3%, 61.5% and 29.2%, respectively. This work provides strong evidence for the treatment of associated gas reinjection, which is beneficial for optimization of carbon capture, EOR-utilization and storage (CCUS-EOR) projects.

Analysis of phthalate esters from vegetable oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction using cyclodextrin-based hypercrosslinked polymer coated fiber

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are used as additives to enhance the pliability and malleability of plastics. These substances frequently migrate from packaging materials to vegetable oils because of the absence of covalent bonds. Over time, this migration could result in the accumulation of PAEs in the human body through ingestion, contributing to various diseases. Therefore, accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses of PAEs in vegetable oils are imperative to assess the origins of contamination and investigate their toxicity, degradation, migration, and transformation patterns. However, the concentration of PAEs in most samples is low, and the composition of vegetable oils is complex. Thus, PAEs must be enriched and purified using appropriate sample pretreatment procedures before analysis. Common methods for pretreating PAEs in oil include solid-phase extraction (SPE), dispersive SPE, and magnetic SPE. These techniques require time-consuming and labor-intensive procedures such as oil dissolution, solvent extraction, and degreasing. These approaches also require numerous solvents and containers, increasing the risk of sample cross-contamination. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) integrates sampling, extraction, purification, concentration, and injection into a single process, significantly accelerating analytical testing and reducing the potential for sample cross-contamination. In headspace (HS) mode, the analytes achieve equilibrium on the coating and are extracted in the gas phase. The fibers are shielded from nonvolatile and high-relative molecular mass substances in the sample matrix. Thus, SPME is an ideal method for extracting volatile compounds in vegetable oils. When HS-SPME coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), it can achieve the rapid screening of PAEs in vegetable oil. In this study, an SPME with cyclodextrin-based hypercrosslinked polymers (BnCD-HCP) coated on stainless steel fibers was employed to extract PAEs from vegetable oil. The structure and morphology of the polymers were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. BnCD-HCP exhibited high stability and diverse interactions, including π-π, hydrophobic, and host-guest interactions. The oil samples were incubated with methanol, and the PAEs were extracted from the headspace using the probe. The optimal extraction parameters included an extraction time of 20 min, extraction temperature of 50 ℃, desorption time of 4 min, and desorption temperature of 275 ℃. The BnCD-HCP/HS-SPME method was evaluated under optimized experimental conditions. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were determined by applying signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 3 and 10, respectively. Method accuracy was evaluated using relative standard deviations (RSDs). Single-needle precision was evaluated by conducting three consecutive analyses at 3 h intervals within a day. Inter-needle precision was assessed by conducting the same analyses (three replicates) with differently coated fibers. The 12 PAE compounds exhibited good linearity with correlation coefficients (R2) of at least 0.99. The LODs and LOQs ranged from 0.21 to 3.74 μg/kg and from 0.69 to 12.34 μg/kg, respectively. The RSDs were in the range of 1.8%-11.4% and 5.1%-13.9% for the single-needle and needle-to-needle methods, respectively. The proposed method was applied to soybean, peanut, and sunflower oils, and two PAEs were found in all three oils. Moreover, the method demonstrated good precision (RSD=1.17%-11.73%) and recoveries (72.49%-124.43%). Compared with other methods, the developed method was able to extract many target analytes and had a low or comparable LOD and high recovery. More importantly, this method does not require tedious operations such as solvent extraction and purification. Consequently, the developed method can be used to extract not only PAEs in oils but also other substances with a high lipid content.

Extraction of Origanum onites L. Using an Industrial-type Microwave-assisted Distillation (MWAD) System: Increasing Energy Saving and Essential Oil Yield Compared to Conventional Steam Distillation

Oregano species are commonly utilized for different medical purposes as well as for other essential oil products. One of the oregano species, Origanum onites L. has a dense natural distribution in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey and Greece and is cultivated mainly in Denizli province. Turkey meets 80% of the world's oregano market. Since Origanum onites L., whose essential oils are of high quality, has a high economic value, assessing the quality and production of essential oils extracted using various methods is important. Microwave-assisted distillation (MWAD) processes are generally carried out under laboratory conditions using clevenger or small-scale specialized instruments made for research in the lab. Thus, designing industrial-scale distillation systems with microwave power is necessary. For this reason, an industrial-type MWAD system with 12 magnetrons (power output of 1kW) was developed in this work, and both conventional steam distillation (SD) and MWAD of oregano plant were realized, as a novelty. This study experimentally investigated the effects of microwave power and applied time on both energy saving (%) and essential oil yield (%). System was designed to distill 9kg of dried plants chopped at once and the results obtained were used to obtain reference data for MWAD systems that can be used in industrial systems. The obtained essential oil samples were subjected to GC-MS analysis for chemical analysis. A statistical analysis of the experimental data was performed via Design Expert software to elucidate the impact of microwave power and time on essential oil yield and energy savings. When the results were evaluated, the essential oil yield of oregano plant increased by 4-22% with the MWAD system compared to SD. The highest increase in yield was achieved with the test (500W + 40min). Also, the distillation time with MWAD system was 50% shorter than with SD system. The MWAD system consumed at least 25% less energy. According to the GC-MS analysis results, carvacrol increased steadily depending on the time applied microwave power as well as oxygenated monoterpenes. The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the proposed MWAD system did not show any incompatible value according to the ISO-7925 standard. As a result, this proposed method can be safely used in industrial systems.

Insight into the differential response of functional denitrifiers to novel formulated organic amendments in soybean agroecosystem

Fertilizer application has been known to cause substantial changes in the microbial composition of agricultural soil. Therefore, there is a need for more fertilizer management practices that will improve nitrogen (N) content, which is the key restrictive factor for microbial growth. To elucidate the characteristics of these fertilizers in the soil, samples were collected from a soybean field of control (S0) with no addition of organic amendment, biochar made from rice straw (S1), compost made from cattle manure and maize straw at a ratio of 5:1 (S2), composting S2 + 10 % S1 (S3), and mixture of S2 + 10 % S1 without composting (S4). The soil functional denitrifiers (nirS and nirK) were unravelled using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. It was observed that S3 (66.56 %) and S4 (61.14 %) increased the NO3--N, while S2 increased the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) by 15.79 % compared to S0. OTU847_norank_p_environmental_samples in nirS and OTU112_unclassified_f_Bradyrhizobiaceae in nirK were the most abundant genera in S1-S4 while S2 and S3 had the highest unique OTUs in nirK and nirS communities, respectively. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that NO2--N and nitrate reductase (NIR) enzyme-shaped nirS and nirK denitrifiers. Also, from the structural equation model (SEM), TKN showed a higher negative significant effect on nirK alpha and beta diversities, while S4 showed the lowest positive network in nirS and nirK- denitrifiers. Meanwhile, Bradyrhizobium was observed as a common genus in the multivariate co-occurrence network in nirS- and nirK-type denitrifiers. This study provides the theoretical basis and technical support that single and combined fertilizers could influence nirS and nirK denitrifiers in soybean-grown soil.

Solvent extraction of Triadica sebifera seed oil: Yield, lipid composition, and antioxidant properties

This research examines the impact of different solvents on the chemical composition of oil extracted from Triadica sebifera (a.k.a. Sapium sebiferum) seed, a plant common in China and America. Eight solvents were used, including n-hexane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, "Folch" solution (chloroform/methanol, v: v = 2: 1), isopropanol, and acetone. Petroleum ether provided the highest oil yield at 34.3%, while n-hexane extracted oil with the highest unsaturated fatty acids at 89.47%. Ethanol-extracted oil contained the most bioactive substances, including tocopherols (642.7 mg/kg), sterols (1043.7 mg/kg), and polyphenols (55.4 mg/kg), also exhibiting strong antioxidant capacity. Regression analysis showed positive correlations between antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds like polyphenols and certain sterols, while saturated fatty acids correlated negatively. Principal component analysis highlighted ethanol as a promising solvent. The findings suggest that Triadica sebifera seed oil, particularly when extracted using ethanol, offers valuable applications for integrating natural ingredients with health benefits into various products.

Effects of source facies and maturity on individual carbon isotopic compositions of oil

Effects of source facies and maturity on individual carbon isotopic compositions of oil

Mechanistic insight into the effects of interaction between biochar and soil with different properties on phenanthrene sorption

Soil composition varies considerably in nature, so it is vital to investigate the mechanism of the effect of various soil parameters on biochar sorption capacity. In this study, two biochars (W4 and W7) were derived from wheat straw at temperatures of 400 and 700 oC and were incubated with three different soils. Changes in biochar surface features by aging in the soils and the consequent impact on phenanthrene sorption were examined. The results showed that the effect of adding biochar on phenanthrene sorption capacity (Koc) varied by soil. When biochar was freshly mixed with soil, the Koc value in soil with higher clay content was more dramatically altered by biochar, which is due to clay particles adhering to the biochar surface. Moreover, the Koc value was significantly decreased by the addition of W4 but increased by the addition of W7 in general. After aging, most of the Koc value decreased. The greatest decrease in Koc value was observed in biochar and soil composed with the highest clay content for W4 (24-63%), as well as soil composed with the highest organic matter content for W7 (46-64%). This is because the surface polarity and micropores of biochar dropped the most rapidly in these mixes, resulting in a significant decrease in hydrophobic and pore-filling properties. The results revealed that the impact of biochar-soil interactions on phenanthrene sorption is related to not only biochar properties but also soil clay particles, soil organic matter content and pH. The findings of the study can be utilized to assess the efficacy of biochar application in soil remediation for various features.

Interaction of Te(IV) and Te(VI) with the soil matrix – sorption and fractionation as a function of soil composition

Tellurium is a technology-critical element (TCE), with relatively limited data on its behavior in the environment, especially the pedosphere. As with other TCEs, its more widespread use, especially in new energy sources, might lead to Te spillage during production or in the eventual waste. Investigation of tellurium's interaction with soil is a necessary step in the research into the physiochemical transformation and determining the mobility of different tellurium species. To broaden the hitherto scarce knowledge of tellurium behavior in the soil environment, selected soluble tellurium compounds were introduced into different types of well-characterized soil (content of fertilizers, organic matrix, clay minerals, Mn, Fe, pH). The study of Te(IV) and Te(VI) sorption indicated that after 7 days the sorption is quantitative and close to 100%. Addition of Fe2O3 to a soil deficient in Mn and Fe increases its sorption potential by about 10 percentage points. Based on fractionation study (0.11 mol L-1 CH3COOH, 0.1 mol L-1 ascorbic acid in oxalate buffer (pH 3), 30% H2O2 at 85°C followed by 0.5 mol L-1 CH3COONH4), it was shown that the presence of Mn/Fe (oxyhydr)oxides plays an essential role in the mobility of Te, especially Te(VI), regardless of the soil type. In the soil poor in reducible fraction and rich in organic matrix (peat), the organic fraction was responsible for the immobilization of Te, especially Te(IV). Extraction of the mobile fraction after incubation in the presence of DI water (Te extraction: 7-8%), oxalic acid (5-7%) or citric acid (6%) (mimicking rhizosphere activity) indicated that these did not play a significant role in Te retention. Nevertheless, soil modification with biocarbon limited the effect of citrates on Te mobilization. This knowledge is fundamental, i.e. in the context of soil remediation processes and counteracting the migration of Te in the environment from anthropogenic sources (e.g. solar farms).

Leaf Trait Variability and CSR Strategy Shifts in Mediterranean Woody Species along an Edaphic Gradient

Plant species in Mediterranean ecosystems are expected to exhibit diverse responses to environmental stresses such as climate aridity and challenging soil conditions by adopting various functional strategies. However, intraspecific variability at the local scale has received insufficient attention in the study of CSR strategies. This study aims to evaluate intraspecific variability in leaf traits and CSR strategies of seven woody species growing on ultramafic and non-ultramafic soils in the Beni Bousera region of Northern Morocco. We first conducted a physicochemical analysis to assess differences in soil composition between the two sites. Subsequently, we measured leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, and leaf area and calculated CSR strategies for 10 individuals per species. The results revealed significant differences between the two soil types, primarily driven by a moderate serpentine effect characterized by a Ca:Mg ratio <1 in the ultramafic site, along with distinct soil texture. In response to these challenging conditions, we observed substantial intraspecific variability in leaf traits, accompanied by shifts in CSR strategies for certain species. At the ultramafic site, Quercus coccifera adopted an S strategy, while Cistus salviifolius exhibited an S/SC strategy. Lavandula stoechas and Teucrium fruticans displayed notable interindividual variability, whereas Cistus atriplicifolius, Phillyrea latifolia, and Erica arborea maintained consistent strategies across both sites. Our research contributes to the enrichment of CSR databases and highlights the applicability of the CSR strategy framework at the local, intraspecific level, offering a valuable foundation for future ecological studies and plant conservation efforts. Moreover, investigating intraspecific variability in leaf traits and CSR strategies enhances our understanding of plant adaptation mechanisms in extreme environments such as Mediterranean serpentine soils.

Improvement of the delumping method in order to obtain detailed characteristics of the fluid

In compositional modeling, the phase characteristics and behavior of reservoir fluids are calculated using the equation of state. To simplify the calculations and speed them up, the components of the heptane plus fraction (C7+) are grouped into pseudo-components. However, after this procedure, the results of compositional modelling of the reservoir containing the pseudo-components need to be delumped so that they can be used in surface models. It follows from this that the problem lies in the fact that the grouped composition cannot be applied to the modeling of ground structures. The object of the study is Kazakhstani oil, on the example of which a detailed component composition was obtained by analytical delumping based on reduction parameters. In laboratory conditions, the component composition of oil, and other fluid properties were determined. The study presents the results that prove the importance of applying the delumping algorithm in the context of compositional modeling. The results obtained analytically correspond quite accurately to the numerical calculations of the PVTsim software and laboratory experiments. A comparison of existing methods showed a difference of 5 %, which suggests that delumping is an excellent method for describing and obtaining a detailed composition of the hydrocarbon mixture. In practice, the results of the detailed composition of hydrocarbons can be used for the design of refineries. Also, the findings from this research can enhance the planning and design of surface facilities, particularly when developed under reservoir conditions where the pressure exceeds the saturation pressure

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils and various extracts of endemic Onosma malatyana (Boraginaceae) from Anatolia

ABSTRACT The chemical contents of the endemic Onosma malatyana roots collected from Malatya/Türkiye were determined using the hydrodistillation and the soxhlet methods and antimicrobial activity analysis of the extracts was also performed. The hydrodistillation method applied to the roots of O.malatyana resulted in identifying 31 compounds according to their retention times in GC-MS analysis. Additionally, crude ethyl acetate and crude oil etheric extracts of O.malatyana roots contained 14 compounds each. This research identified that the main component of the essential oil obtained by the hydrodistillation method was palmitic acid comprising 56.48% of the total composition. Additionally, in the crude petroleum etheric extract, oleic acid methyl ester (31.22%); and palmitic acid (24.69%) were identified as the main components in the crude ethyl acetate extract. The results of the antimicrobial activities indicated that O.malatyana root extracts were particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, specifically S. aureus and B. subtilis.

Seasonality’s Effects on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Capacity of the Floral Essential Oil of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen Cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon

Seasonality’s Effects on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Capacity of the Floral Essential Oil of Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen Cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon