Composite Reliability Coefficients Research Articles

Moral resilience in registered nurses: Cultural adaption and validation study.

Healthcare professionals, especially professional nurses, experience various types of moral suffering due to inevitable ethical conflicts. Moral resilience is recently proposed as a resource to address moral suffering. However, there is no tool to measure moral resilience in Chinese professional nurses. This study aimed to translate the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale (RMRS) into Chinese and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of RMRS (Chi-RMRS). A methodological and descriptive research design. A convenience sample of 411 Chinese professional nurses was recruited through an online survey platform between February and March 2023. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the University and hospitals involved. The RMRS was translated and culturally adapted into a Chinese version. Neither floor nor ceiling effects were observed. The scale-level content validity index (CVI) was 0.922 with the item-level CVIs ranging from 0.833 to 1.000. The explanatory factor analysis (EFA) generated a three-factor structure for the Chi-RMRS, and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated the three-factor structure with factor loadings for each item ranging from 0.42 to 0.80. The scale-level Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.811 with each dimension ranging from 0.717 to 0.821, and composite reliability (CR) coefficient for the overall scale was 0.920, with each dimension varying from 0.739 to 0.824. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC) were 3.522 and 9.763, respectively. The Chi-RMRS is able to measure moral resilience of Chinese professional nurses, and has good validity and reliability. It can be used in research and practice to determine the level of moral resilience, thus helping nursing managers to monitor the status of Chinese professional nurses, then develop interventions to maintain the well-being of professional nurses and to ensure quality of care.

A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling Analysis of the Primary Barriers to Sustainable Construction in Iran

This paper outlines the obstacles to sustainable construction growth in Iran and thereafter examines the effect and relation between these barriers and the direction of sustainable construction growth as one of the essential objectives for achieving sustainable cities and infrastructure. The study is applied for research purposes that are based on descriptive survey data gathering and correlational data analysis techniques. The statistical population for this study consists of 120 construction-related engineers and university professors who were assessed on a five-point Likert scale. Using SmartPLS software version 4, the responses to the questionnaire were examined. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov assessment was utilized to evaluate the normalcy of the variables, as this assessment is typically employed for this purpose. For data analysis, the PLS (partial least squares) method was used, while SEM (structural equation modeling) methods have been used to assess the study hypotheses. Cronbach’s alpha and the composite reliability coefficient (CR) were applied to determine the instrument’s viability, and the results show that the coefficient connected to all variables is above 7.0, which is an acceptable value. The AVE (average variance extracted) was also used to evaluate the questionnaire’s validity, which was greater than 0.4 and deemed acceptable for coefficients of significance (T-values), coefficient of predictive power (Q2), and coefficient of determination (R2). The obtained results support and confirm all research hypotheses, including that the identified obstacles directly affect the performance of sustainable construction. According to the results of the Friedman test, the legal restrictions variable (CL) is the most significant obstacle to sustainable construction in Iran, with a rank of 4.24. The indicators of political limits (CP) and social and cultural constraints (CSC) came in at second and third, respectively. The results could help government officials make better decisions about where to focus their attention and how to distribute scarce resources.

Development and initial validation of the Career Self-Management scale for Chinese coaches.

The purpose of the study was to develop and initially validate a context-specific scale assessing Career Self-Management for Chinese coaches (Career Self-Management Scale-CC; CSMS-CC). Firstly, qualitative data obtained from in-depth interview with coaches were contently analyzed to generate potential CSMS-CC items. The content validity of the items was evaluated by a panel of experts. Secondly, the factor structure and item performance of the CSMS-CC were examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and internal consistency reliability of its subscales were evaluated in sample 1 (n = 229, 24.01% females). Thirdly, factor structure of the CSMS-CC was further examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in sample 2 (n = 295, 32.54% females). Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach' alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Nomological validity was examined using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) by investigating the correlations between CSMS-CC subscales with career success. Finally, measurement invariance and latent mean difference of the CSMS-CC was examined across gender, professional title and coaching class using multiple-group CFA (MGCFA). Based on the results of the content analysis and content validity evaluation, 18 CSMS-CC items were retained for further analysis. Results of EFA in sample 1 revealed that eight items were problematic and removed. The second round of EFA revealed that three components were retained and labelled as Networking Behavior (4 items), Training Exploration (3 items), and Guanxi Development (3 items). Results of CFA in sample 2 suggested that the 10-item three-correlated-factors model of CSMS-CC demonstrated acceptable model fit to the data, χ2 = 135.01, df = 32, p < 0.01, CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.092 (90% CI = 0.076-0.108). Composite reliability (ranging from 0.84 to 0.88) and Cronbach's alpha coefficients (ranging from 0.78 to 0.81) of three subscales were found satisfactory. Nomological validity was supported by the results that total score and subscale scores of the CSMS-CC were significantly associated with internal marketability and external marketability. It was found that the CSMS-CC measurement model was strict invariant across gender, professional title and coaching class. Significant differences on all three subscales across professional title and on Guanxi development across coaching class were revealed. Results of this study provided initial support for the psychometric properties of the 10-item CSMS-CC, which suggested that the CSMS-CC could be used for measuring the career self-management of Chinese coaches.

Ortaokul Öğrencileri için Öğrenilmiş Çaresizlik Eğilimi Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları

The concept of learned helplessness is related to the learning process. This situation which is hard to dealt with can lead to motivational, cognitive and emotional changes and may leave irremediable traces. Therefore, measuring this construct especially in youngsters is thought to be important. That’s why the Learned Helplessness Tendency Scale was developed. 30 items were developed on the basis of Causal Attribution Theory. Item pool was presented to the expert group. In order to provide data-based evidence of validity and reliability, data were collected from secondary school students. EFA group consists of 299 observations while the CFA consists of 210. As a result of the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyzes, a 3-factor structure consisting of 14 items was accepted. For criterion validity study, its correlation with the Beck Hopelessness Inventory was examined. All validity studies show that the developed scale produces valid results. Composite reliability coefficient proved that the scale produced reliable results. The Learned Helplessness Tendency Scale produces valid and reliable scores for secondary school students. The developed Learned Helplessness Tendency Scale is thought to be used to determine the learned helplessness levels of secondary school students.

Adaptation of Organ Donation Attitude Survey: Reliability and Validity Maintained as Demonstrated in a Turkish Population

Inadequate organ donation has become a major public health concern for society, particularly for patients with chronic organ failure. This study aims to regulate the validity and reliability of the Organ Donation Attitude Survey scale in the Turkish population, which was developed by Rumsey et al in 2003. The study was conducted on 1088 students studying at the faculty of nursing and vocational school of health services. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0. After language adaptation, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were made. The Composite Reliability and Cronbach α (CA) values were used to evaluate the reliability and structure reliability of the scales used in the study. The mean age of the participants was 20.34 ± 1.48 years. Of the participants, 764 (70.2%) were female, and 324 (29.8%) were male. The Composite Reliability coefficients for Supporting Organ Donation, Positive Belief for Organ Donation, and all of the Organ Donation Attitude Survey scale were 0.916, 0.755, and 0.932, respectively. The Cronbach α coefficients were 0.913, 0.750, and 0.906, respectively. Analyses results revealed that the Turkish version of the scale had 2 subdimensions (Supporting Organ Donation and Positive Belief for Organ Donation) and 14 items (χ2/df = 3.111, Goodness of Fit Index= 0.985, Adjustment Goodness of Fit Index = 0.980, Normed Fit Index = 0.979, Relative Fit Index = 0.975). Fit indices and reliability coefficients were acceptable. In conclusion, the Turkish version of the Organ Donation Attitude Survey is valid and reliable and can be used in future studies.

Adaptation and Validation of the Responsive Environmental Assessment for Classroom Teaching (REACT): The Dimensionality of Student Perceptions of the Instructional Environment to Turkish for EFL Classrooms

The aim of this research is to adapt The Responsive Environmental Assessment for Classroom Teaching (REACT) scale developed by Nelson, Demers, and Christ (2014) into Turkish for EFL classrooms and to test its applicability in Türkiye on a group of secondary school students studying in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades. Construct validity of the scale was tested with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a structure with 22 items and four factors was obtained. The fit indices of the 4-factor structure as due to CFA show that the model is at a reasonable level. Test-retest method was used for the stability of the scale. A correlation of .910 was obtained between the two applications. To determine the scale reliability, item-total correlations and correlation analysis were used, and Cronbach alpha and composite reliability were calculated. The correlation between the sub-dimensions of the scale ranged between .420 at the lowest, .687 at the highest, and item factor loads between .51 and .88. Corrected item correlations range from .44 to .67, and the difference between the means of the 27% lower and upper groups is significant for all items. The Cronbach α internal reliability coefficient calculated to determine its internal reliability was found to be .925. The composite reliability coefficient was calculated as .957. As a result, it can be said that the REACT scale is a valid and reliable scale that researchers can use.

The validity and reliability of Turkish version of the self-efficacy scale in nursing care of children with epilepsy

PurposeThis study was conducted to the Turkish validity and reliability study of the ‘Scale of Self-efficacy in Nursing Care of Children with Epilepsy’ (SSENCCE). Design and methodsThe construct validity of the scale was evaluated with explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the scales used in the research was examined with composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficients. ResultsA total of 144 nurses participated in the study. The variance explained in the 12-item scale was 53.6%, and the eigenvalue was found as 6.442. The commonality values of the scale items ranged from 0.304 to 0.712, and the factor loads ranged from 0.552 to 0.844. Cronbach's α of the SSENCCE was calculated as 0.907. ConclusionThe Turkish version of the ESSENCE is a valid, reliable, and appropriate tool for assessing the self-efficacy of nurses providing care for children with epilepsy. Practice implicationsConsidering that there is no scale that is used to evaluate the self-efficacy of nurses who provide care for children with epilepsy in Turkey, it is thought that this study will guide future research on the subject and the improvement of the clinical experience of nurses.

The flipped learning perception scale: A validity and reliability study.

This study aims to develop a scale to determine preservice science teachers' perceptions of flipped learning. The present study uses the survey design, a quantitative research method. For content validity, the authors created an item pool of 144 items based on the literature. After being checked by experts, the item pool dropped to 49 items for the five-point Likert-type draft scale. The current study has preferred cluster sampling due to generalization concerns. The accessible population of the study is the preservice science teachers in Türkiye's provinces of Kayseri, Nevsehir, Nigde, Kırsehir, and Konya. We administered the draft scale to 490 preservice science teachers, which is the recommended 10 times the number of items. We also performed explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses to check the scale's construct validity. We ultimately obtained a four-factor structure with 43 items that explain 49.2% of the variance in scores and found the correlation between the criterion and draft scales to be greater than .70, thus ensuring criterion validity. We calculated Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability coefficients to check the reliability of the scale and determined the reliability coefficients for both the overall scale and the sub-factors to be greater than 0.70. As a result, we have obtained a scale consisting of 43 items and four dimensions that explains 49.2% of the variance. This data collection tool can be used by researchers and lecturers to determine preservice teachers' perceptions toward flipped learning.

The Effect of Social Support on the Motivation of Health Workers of Yazd with the Mediating Role of Job Stress

Background: Considering the impact of employees' motivation on the quantity and quality of their performance, it is necessary that managers pay attention to the variables which strengthen and weaken motivation. Social support means being accepted by society and appreciating the employees' services by people, which can be effective in reducing job stress and tensions and improving employees' motivation. Occupational stress is a phenomenon in which employees are caught when facing expectations beyond their known capacity. It manifests itself in the form of physiological, psychological and behavioral effects. The aim of this article is to examine the effect of social support on the motivation of health sector employees with the mediating role of job stress in the health and treatment sector of Yazd.&#x0D; Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on the employees of the health and treatment in Yazd in 2021. Using Cronbach's alpha formula, 346 employees were selected by simple random method. The required data were collected by 3 standard questionnaires: Haynes et al, Perry and Karnavaq et al. The convergent, divergent, and content validity and the composite reliability coefficient of the questionnaire were confirmed by the opinion of management professors and experts of Yazd health and treatment department. Using Cronbach's alpha test, its internal consistency was confirmed. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics and structural equation model and SPSS 20 and AMOS 18 software were used.&#x0D; Results: 3 research hypotheses were confirmed through the path test and structural equation model. The findings showed that social support with the critical value of (3.163) and path coefficient of (0.85) had a positive and significant effect on employees' motivation (P = 0.002). Social support had a negative and significant effect (P = 0/042) on job stress with the critical value of (- 2.996) and path coefficient of (- 0.17). Job stress also had a negative and significant effect (P = 0.001) on employees' motivation with a critical value of (- 2.308) and the path coefficient of (- 0.28). Finally, job stress played a mediating role regarding the test statistic (2.12) in the path of these 2 variables.&#x0D; Conclusion: As the coverage of social support increases, mental health and occupational motivation of each individual improve, and finally, stress-related factors will be reduced.

Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Evidence of Construct Validity in Argentinians.

Suicide is a global public health problem. The goal of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the measurement of suicide severity based on the Columbia suicide severity rating scale. We worked with a sample of 516 Argentinean adults, aged 18 to 75. The fit of a measurement model that differentiates between the various degrees of suicidal severity was verified. The specified model returns fit values above the suggested cut-off points, both for the occurrence and frequency indicators. The internal consistency indices from the composite reliability coefficient also show values above the cut-off points for both occurrence and frequency. Finally, evidence of construct validity was obtained from the relationship with external variables. The results are consistent with the theory, showing stronger effects of hopelessness on suicidal ideation compared to suicide attempts. Overall, evidence of construct validity for the measurement of suicidal severity is presented, a contribution that is essential in remedying the lack of studies on suicide in the region and promoting prevention strategies.

Brief Version of the Frankfurt Emotional Work Scale and Gender Difference in Emotional Labour

This study was designed to assess the psychometric properties of a brief version of the Frankfurt Emotion Work Scale (FEWS) adapted to Spanish in a sample of teachers, taking into consideration gender differences. Method: The sample consisted of 9020 teachers of public education in the Valencian Community (Mage = 45.33 years, SD = 9.15; 72.5% female). Results: The psychometric properties are adequate. It consists of 12 items grouped into six factors that explain 79.54% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability coefficients (CRC) for the full scale are adequate: α = 0.79; CRC = 0.90. Confirmatory Factorial Analyses also confirm the structure of the scale (χ2 = 890.36, S-B χ2 = 747.38, df = 39, NFI = 0.945, NNFI = 0.911, CFI = 0.947, IFI = 0.947, MFI = 0.925, and RMSEA = 0.069). Convergent and discriminant validity were also probed. Finally, a gender effect over Emotional labour was found, there was a difference between gender in the scale and all of the dimensions of the questionnaire, with higher values on women. Conclusions: according to the results of this study, the use of this diagnostic tool for Spanish non-university teachers appears to be justified.

Psychometric evaluation of the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Scale.

Interaction between caller and telenurse in telenursing is important for caller satisfaction and subsequent compliance. Despite this, satisfaction measures with focus on interaction in telenursing are scarce and rarely anchored in nursing theory. The aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Scale (TISS) with focus on data quality, factor structure, convergent validity, and reliability. This psychometric study was based on cross-sectional data. Callers to the National Medical Advisory Service in Sweden (n=616) completed the 60-item Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Questionnaire based on Cox's Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. Twenty-five of these items were selected to form the TISS in four subscales according to the model. Data quality was evaluated in terms of missing data patterns and score distributions. The factor structure was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data, convergent validity with Spearman correlations, internal consistency with ordinal alpha, scale reliability with composite reliability coefficients, and test-retest reliability with intraclass correlations. The amount of missing data was acceptable and equally distributed. Data deviated significantly from a normal distribution. All response options were endorsed. The factor analysis confirmed the hypothesised four-factor structure; factor loadings ranged from 0.56 to 0.97 and factor correlations were high (0.88-0.96). Internal consistency (ordinal alpha=0.82-0.97), scale reliability (0.88-0.99), and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.77-0.86) were satisfactory for all scales. The study design did not allow drop-out analysis. The TISS showed satisfactory psychometric properties in the study sample. It provides a measure that enables quantitative measurement of caller satisfaction with interaction in telenursing.

The Farsi version of meaning of life in Iranian patients with cancer: A psychometric study.

Having meaning in life is a protective factor for psychological well-being. Accurate assessment of this construct needs a valid and reliable tool. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the meaning of life questionnaire in patients with cancer. In this cross-sectional study, after translating the questionnaire to Farsi, in a sample of 212 patients with cancer, feasibility, content and convergent validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, stability, and responsiveness were evaluated. The results show that the content validity ratio of all ten items was greater than 0.49. Also, the modified Kappa coefficient of each item was greater than 0.6. The maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis extracted one factor, which explains 76.13% of the total variance of the sample. Item nine was removed. The confirmatory factor analysis results show that the one-factor model had good fit indices. The Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, composite reliability, MaxR, and intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.96, 0.96, 0.96, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively. The questionnaires had responsiveness and its response time was 3 s. The nine-item Farsi version of the meaning of life questionnaire has good validity and reliability and responsiveness.

The Effect of Personality Traits on Cheating Behavior with the Mediating Role of Goal Orientation (Case Study: Azad University Students, North Tehran Branch)

Background and Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of personality traits on cheating behavior with the mediating role of goal orientation. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational in terms of the applied purpose, and quantitative in terms of data type. The statistical population of the research was the psychology students of the Islamic Azad University, North Tehran branch, and 217 people were selected as the sample size by using the calculation of the sample size in structural equations and the quota non-random sampling method. In order to collect data, the standard questionnaires of Wendy Will and McGregor's goal orientation (2001), Hexaco's personality dimensions questionnaire (2004) and Yazdani's academic cheating questionnaire (2016) were used. In this research, in order to calculate validity, content and construct validity were used, and in order to calculate reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability coefficient were used, and the results indicated the validity and reliability of the research questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out in two sections of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential (structural equation modeling) through Spss-21 and LISREL-v8.80 software. Results: The findings showed that personality traits include honesty-humility (0.66), excitability (0.60), extroversion (0.51), agreeableness (0.46), conscientiousness (0.42) and openness to experience (0.63) on goal orientation; Personality traits include honesty-humility (0.58), excitability (0.66), extroversion (0.63), pleasantness (0.55), conscientiousness (0.66) and openness to experience (49. 0) has an effect on cheating behavior and goal orientation (0.50) on cheating behavior; Also, the influence of personality traits including honesty-humility, excitability, extroversion, pleasantness, conscientiousness and openness to experience on cheating behavior through goal orientation, respectively 0.91, 0.96, 0.88, 0.78, 0.87 and 0.80. Conclusion: Finally, the findings showed that the research model has a good fit.

Construct validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS): a proposal for a 12-item short version.

This study aimed to update the assessment of construct validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS). This is part of a cohort study, in which the scale was applied to 415 pregnant women. The factor structure was verified via structural equation models. Comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to verify the model fit. Additionally, to test the validity of the MFAS based on external variables, generalized linear model was performed to test the association between obstetric variables, social support, and symptoms of depression with the MFAS. The reliability was analyzed via the composite reliability coefficient (CR). The 12-item short version of the Brazilian MFAS showed adequate parameters of construct validity (CFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.960 and RMSEA = 0.032, 90%CI: 0.012-0.048) and is composed of three factors ("empathy and care", "role-taking", and "interaction with the fetus") containing 12 items. The total scores of the MFAS were positively correlated with social support (p-value < 0.001) and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (p-value = 0.007). Moreover, women who live with a partner (p-value = 0.026) and had intended pregnancies (p-value < 0.001) presented a better bond with the fetus. Regarding reliability, factors 1 and 2 showed adequate values (CR = 0.72 and CR = 0.82, respectively) and factor 3 regular value (CR = 0.63). This 12-item short version of the Brazilian MFAS may be a reliable and valid instrument for scientific studies and clinical assistance in Brazil.

Adaptation of the Good Teaching Scale into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

This study aimed to adapt the “Good Teaching Scale” (GTS) developed by Alhija (2017) into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability. The original form of the scale consisted of 5 sub-dimensions and a total of 35 items. The study data were collected from 491 students who enrolled in different postgraduate programs at a higher education institution in Turkey. In order to adapt the scale into Turkish, the language validity was verified, and then EFA and CFA with the different study data were performed for the construct validity of the GTS-Turkish form. Cronbach Alpha and the composite reliability coefficient were calculated to test internal consistency reliability. Results of the factor analysis showed that it was found that the items of the GTS translated into Turkish were collected in a 5-dimensional structure, as in the original scale. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient was found as .905, and the composite reliability value as .872. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficients of sub-dimensions of GTS-Turkish version were found to vary between .796 and .841. According to the results of the item-total correlation for item discrimination, it was determined that the item discrimination of the scale was at a good level. These findings indicated that, the Good Teaching Scale-Turkish version, which consisted of 35 items, is a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring the university students’ perceptions of good teaching in Turkey and the perceived characteristics of good teaching in higher education.

COVID-19 SÜRECİNDE SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDAKİ İŞ AİLE ÇATIŞMASI, İŞ STRESİ, İŞ TATMİNSİZLİĞİ VE İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER

Amaç: Bu çalışmada iş aile çatışmaları, bu çatışmalardan kaynaklanabilecek iş stresi ile iş tatminsizliği ve çalışanlardaki işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. &#x0D; Yöntem: Araştırma COVID-19 sürecinde bir kamu hastanesinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanları ile gerçekleştirildi. Nicel araştırma yöntemi ile yürütülen araştırmada nedensel tarama deseni kullanıldı. Anket tekniği ile veriler toplandı. Araştırmada iş aile çatışması ölçeği, iş stresi ölçeği, iş tatminsizliği ölçeği ve işten ayrılma niyeti ölçeği kullanıldı. Ölçeklerin yapı geçerliliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile değerlendirildi. Ayrıca ölçeklerin birleşim ve ayrışım geçerliliği incelendi. Ölçeklerin güvenilirliği Cronbach alfa ve birleşik güvenilirlik katsayıları ile değerlendirildi. Yol analizi ile test edilen araştırma modelinde doğrudan, dolaylı ve toplam etkiler incelendi.&#x0D; Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda, araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklerin yapı geçerliliğinin olduğu, ölçeklerin birleşim ve ayrışım geçerliliğine sahip olduğu belirlendi. Ölçeklerin güvenilir olduğu görüldü. Yol analizinde iş aile çatışması ile iş stresinin işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde anlamlı doğrudan etkilerinin olmadığı fakat anlamlı dolaylı etkilerinin olduğu belirlendi. Bu dolaylı etkilerde iş tatminsizliğinin aracılık rolünün olduğu görüldü. &#x0D; Sonuç: Araştırma bulgularının politika yapıcılar ve sağlık yöneticileri için faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetlerini daha düşük bir seviyeye getirmek için iş aile çatışması, iş stresi ve iş tatmini konularında uygun politikalar geliştirilmelidir. Bu politikaların belirlenmesinde iş tatmini konusuna özellikle önem verilmelidir.

Construction and validation of criteria for university social responsibility assessment

The purpose of the current research was to construct and validate an instrument for evaluating social responsibility in Razi University. For this purpose, the sequential exploratory mixed research method was used, and in the qualitative part, the focus group discussion method (n = 27) was utilized. The statistical population in the quantitative section were doctoral students, faculty members and experts of Razi University (N=1425), of which 152 were selected as a statistical sample using stratified proportional assignment sampling. The external and content validity of the research tool was confirmed by the focus group discussion and the calculation of the content validity ratio and construct validity using the average variance extracted and its reliability through the calculation of composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The findings of the research showed that the activities of the university to fulfill its social responsibility towards society in 9 dimensions including responsibility towards students, responsibility towards staff and faculty members, economic responsibility, responsibility towards partner universities (inter-university cooperation), responsibility towards the external society, responsibility for the environment, responsibility for quality education, responsibility for cultural development and responsibility for the leadership (management) of the university can be identified. In total, these dimensions explain 81.518% of the variance of the university's social responsibility. In addition, the findings indicated that the activities of the university in the field of social responsibility do not have the same weight and each one has a different weight and contribution.

Airline brand awareness and perceived quality effect on the attitudes towards frequent-flyer programs and airline brand choice - Moderating effect of frequent-flyer programs

Understanding customer behaviour is critical to retaining loyal customers and attracting new ones when considering an airline brand. Most airlines have frequent-flyer programs (FFPs) meant to entice passengers' decisions regarding airline brand choice. However, the determinants of the attitudes toward FFPs and their effect on airline brand choice are not well documented. This study examined the influence of airline brand awareness and perceived quality on travellers' attitudes towards frequent-flyer programs and airline brand choice. Furthermore, the study investigated whether the attitudes towards FFPs indirectly (moderates) influence the causal relationship between airline brand awareness and brand perceived quality on airline brand choice. Social Exchange Theory (SET) guided the study. An explanatory research design was adopted. Primary data was sourced through the deployment of a structured online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability, and Cronbach alpha coefficients were assessed to determine discriminant validity and reliability of the measurement instrument. Afterwards, Pearson's correlation, simple linear, and multiple hierarchical (step-wise) regression models are estimated to test the conceptualised model using SPSS 27 software. The findings indicate that airline brand awareness and perceived quality influence travellers' attitudes towards FFPs and airline brand choice. Moreover, attitudes towards FFPs positively influence airline brand choice. Additionally, attitudes towards FFPs have a conditional (moderating) effect on the relationship between airline brand awareness and airline brand choice and between airline brand perceived quality and airline choice. The results indicate that high attitudes toward airline FFPs equate to higher airline brand choice despite low airline awareness or even when the airline's quality perception is evaluated as inferior. The findings of the study have significant theoretical and managerial implications.

Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short: Reliability, Validity, and Measurement Invariance of the Italian Version.

The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) is a widely used instrument to assess cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Italian short version of the CERQ (CERQ-IS). Two separate samples of 442 young adults (Mage = 21.12; SD = 3.69) and 256 adolescents (Mage = 14.81; SD = 0.59) completed the CERQ, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to evaluate the dimensionality of the CERQ-IS. Internal consistency was analysed by calculating model-based composite reliability coefficients. Criterion and discriminant validity were gathered through the correlations with the ERQ and the MPS, respectively. Factorial invariances tests across gender and age were computed by means of multiple-group CFA. CFA confirmed the nine-factor structure showing an excellent fit to the data. Except for rumination which was minimally acceptable, all subscales had an acceptable to good reliability. Criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between CERQ-IS and ERQ subscales. Discriminant validity was confirmed by meaningless correlations with the MPS facets. Configural, metric and scalar invariance were established across both grouping variables. The brevity of this tool and its good psychometric properties suggest that CERQ-IS could be a useful screening tool in both clinical and research practice in adolescence and young adulthood.