Composite Microspheres Research Articles

Effective desensitization of composite materials HMX@PDA by insensitive DAAF: To improve safety performance

The sensitivity of energetic materials to external stimuli (mechanical, flame, etc.) limits their practical application. In order to improve the safety of HMX@PDA composite materials. In this study, HMX/DAAF@PDA composite microspheres with different mass ratios were prepared using a microfluidic self-assembly strategy, and the morphology, size, crystal structure, thermal behavior, flowability and mechanical sensitivity of the sample microspheres were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of DAAF did not change the crystal structure of the composites, and the HMX/DAAF@PDA composite microspheres showed high consistency and repeatability, concentrated particle size distribution, sphericity greater than 0.9 and good flowability. Meanwhile, the impact sensitivity of the sample was increased from 25 J to 50 J (S-3) and the friction sensitivity was increased from 160 N to 216 N. In addition, the ignition experiment and EXPLO5 calculation results show that the addition of insensitive DAAF can reduce the combustion of composite materials, thereby improving the application safety of the composites. This study provides a way for the design and preparation of high-energy insensitive composite explosives.

A Polymer‐Functionalized GO Composite Prepared through Pickering Emulsion Polymerization for Selective Removal of Zr from Acidic Solutions

AbstractFor the selective removal of Zr from PUREX originated acidic aqueous waste of metallic fuel, an adsorbent based on graphene oxide (GO)‐polystyrene composite functionalized with amide functional group was developed. Improved Hummers’ oxidation of graphite powder was utilized to produce GO and the amide moiety was linked to GO via chemical functionalization. The amide modified GO was converted to GO‐polystyrene composite microspheres through pickering emulsion assisted route. FT‐IR, XRD and SEM analyses were employed to characterize the composite adsorbent. The adsorption behavior of Zr was examined under varying experimental conditions. Adsorption was modeled using several adsorption and kinetic models. The Zr adsorption capacity calculated based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Pseudo‐first‐order models exhibited a close agreement. Adsorption studies using simulated U‐Pu‐Zr originated PUREX aqueous waste signifies the superior Zr‐adsorption capacity (~50 mg g−1), even in the presence of other possible interfering elements present in SHLLW.

Preparation of ADN-based energetic composite microspheres with excellent anti-moisture absorption and safety

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is an ideal solid composite propellant oxidizer. But it also exhibits high hygroscopicity and low safety. Solving these issues will be crucial of ADN in practical applications. In this study, three ADN-based energetic composite microspheres were prepared by suspension assembly process coating ADN with different polymeric materials (glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), fluorine rubber(F2602), and hydroxyl-terminated block copolyether(HTPE)). The experimental results showed that the three prepared samples were spherical particles with regular morphology and uniform particle size. The crystal structure was not changed. The contact angle, moisture absorption and mechanical sensitivity test showed that the ADN-based energetic composite microspheres have low moisture absorption and mechanical sensitivity. In particular, the ADN/F2602 sample, which possesses a lotus-like hydrophobic effect, exhibits a 57.24 % reduction in water absorption compared to the raw ADN, and the contact angle of ADN/F2602 (93.91°) is 4.24 times higher than that of the raw ADN (22.15°). The critical friction susceptibility of ADN/F2602 (168 N) is 2.1 times higher than that of raw ADN (80 N), and the critical impact susceptibility of ADN/F2602 (17 J) is 2.43 times higher than that of raw ADN (7 J). The combustion test showed that the combustion duration of ADN/F2602 increased from 1.353 s to 1.578 s for the raw ADN, and the flame intensity was enhanced. The successful ignition and flame stabilization of ADN/F2602 samples after 24 h storage under a relative humidity of 60 % indicates its good energy release performance in a propellant. Through this study, F2602 as a capping material has good anti-hygroscopic effect, mechanical insensitivity and combustion stability for ADN, which can support the application of ADN as an oxidizer in composite solid propellants.

Sensory Nerve Regulation via H3K27 Demethylation Revealed in Akermanite Composite Microspheres Repairing Maxillofacial Bone Defect.

Maxillofacial bone defects exhibit intricate anatomy and irregular morphology, presenting challenges for effective treatment. This study aimed to address these challenges by developing an injectable bioactive composite microsphere, termed D-P-Ak (polydopamine-PLGA-akermanite), designed to fit within the defect site while minimizing injury. The D-P-Ak microspheres biodegraded gradually, releasing calcium, magnesium, and silicon ions, which, notably, not only directly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) but also activated sensory nerve cells to secrete calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a key factor in bone repair. Moreover, the released CGRP enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through epigenetic methylation modification. Specifically, inhibition of EZH2 and enhancement of KDM6A reduced the trimethylation level of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), thereby activating the transcription of osteogenic genes such as Runx2 and Osx. The efficacy of the bioactive microspheres in bone repair is validated in a rat mandibular defect model, demonstrating that peripheral nerve response facilitates bone regeneration through epigenetic modification. These findings illuminated a novel strategy for constructing neuroactive osteo-inductive biomaterials with potential for further clinical applications.

Adsorption of Cu Nanoparticles on Polystyrene-Based Microspheres.

Nanoparticle composite microspheres are a versatile material with unique features and wide-ranging applications, including catalysis, biological medicine, and electronic devices. The adsorption behavior of nanoparticles on the surface of microspheres plays a crucial role in determining the further application potentials. The understanding of nanoparticle adsorption behavior on microsphere surfaces is essential for guiding future applications in nanoparticle composite microspheres. In this work, the adsorption behavior of unstable copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on polystyrene-based (PS-based) microspheres was investigated. The influence of PS-based microspheres' surface properties and the oxidation degree of Cu NPs were determined. The adsorption mechanism of Cu NPs on PS-based microspheres was analyzed. Furthermore, the amounts and rates of adsorption were examined. It was found that the Cu NPs can be rapidly and firmly adsorbed on the surface of carboxyl-modified polystyrene microspheres. Additionally, precise control over the distribution of Cu NPs on the surface of PS-based microspheres can be achieved by manipulating the solvent's polarity.

Preparation of Au–Ni bimetallic-coated monodisperse PS@Ni/Au microspheres with excellent conductivity and their application in acrylate-based anisotropic conductive adhesives

Anisotropic conductive adhesives (ACAs) provide an efficient and easy method of interconnecting small electronic devices compared to traditional solder joint connections. In this paper, PS@Ni/Au metal composite microspheres with excellent electrical conductivity in the size of 2.76 μm were prepared by chemical plating technique and in situ redox method. The effects of PS@Ni metal composite microspheres with different shell thicknesses and compactness on the preparation of Ni–Au bimetallic shell layers were investigated, and the effects of different Au:PS@Ni mass ratios on the volumetric conductivity of PS@Ni/Au metal composite microspheres were discussed. The composite microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thick and compact Ni metal shells are the key to preparing PS@Ni/Au metal composite microspheres with the complete degree of encapsulation. When the mass ratio of Au:PS@Ni was 0.15:1, the conductivity was as high as 1.3 × 105 S cm−1. The acrylate pressure-sensitive containing 3.1–8.3 vol% conductive particles presented an obvious anisotropy. When the mass ratio of the conductive particles was higher than 8.3 vol%, the conductive particles appear to be significantly aggregated. The research ideas and methods have great application potential for replacing the traditional solder joint connections.

Fabrication of Co1.5Ni1.5S4 and Prussian blue analogues composites with yolk-shell heterostructures as cathode and biomass derived carbon as anode for asymmetric supercapacitors

As highly efficient electrode materials for supercapacitors, the clean production of transition metal sulfide and biomass-derived carbon played an important role in promoting the practical process. In this work, Prussian blue analogues were grown in situ on glycerate precursors through a simple ion-exchange process, followed by sulfidation to obtain the Co1.5Ni1.5S4 and Prussian blue analogues composite microspheres with yolk-shell structures. Thanks to the unique micro-nano structure and multi-element synergy, composites exhibited excellent specific capacitance (up to 2388.7 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), rate performance (55.0 % capacitance retention at 30 A g−1), and cycling stability (capacitance maintained at 81.5 % after 5000 cycles). In addition, Nitrogen-doped sunflower seed shell derived carbon, prepared by two pyrolysis and salt-activation processes, could attain a specific capacitance of 347.1 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and an almost undiminished capacity of 5000 cycles. With Co1.5Ni1.5S4 and Prussian blue analogues composites as cathode and derived carbon as anode, the assembled hybrid supercapacitor exhibited an eminent energy density of 82.2 Wh kg−1 (at a power density of 904.9 W kg−1) and stable cycling characteristics (only 16.7 % loss of capacitance after 10,000 cycles). This work provided a feasible scheme for the structure regulation of sulfides and the defect construction of porous carbon.

Extending Polymer Opal Structural Color Properties into the Near-Infrared

We report the fabrication and characterisation of near-IR reflecting films and coatings based on shear-assembled crystalline ensembles of polymer composite microspheres, also known as “polymer opals”. Extension of the emulsion polymerisation techniques for synthesis of tractable larger core-interlayer-shell (CIS) particles, of up to half a micron diameter, facilitates the engineering and processing of thin-film synthetic opals, with a tunable photonic stopband spanning an extended spectral range of λ ≈ 700–1600 nm. Samples exhibit strong “scattering cone” interactions, with considerable angular dependence and angle tuning possible, as measured with a goniometric technique. These intense optical resonances in the near-IR, particularly within the important region around λ ~ 800 nm, combined with an appreciable translucency within the visible light spectrum, is indicative of the potential applications in coatings technologies and solar cells.

Shelf‐life prediction of silicone‐hollow glass microsphere composite as liner material and its accelerated aging

AbstractLiner materials have extensive applications in automobile industry, packaging, and aeronautics. One of the specific uses of such materials is in thermal barrier, coating rockets, missile, and other systems used in space and defense. Each liner material exhibits different properties according to their chemical structure and composition. In this study, accelerated thermal aging of the liner material, silicone‐hollow glass microsphere composite (SHGC) has been studied along with the determination of its life span. The effect of such aging on the thermal properties of SHGC has been studied using thermogravimetry. Activation energy of the process has been determined to be in the range of 45–55 KJmol−1. The results have been compared with already reported silicon polymers. Shelf‐life of SHGC composite has also been determined using Arrhenius model. Stochastic model has been applied to determine the lower and upper limits of shelf‐life. Shelf‐life of SHGC is found to be 24 years with 28 and 18 years of upper and lower error limits.

Highly sensitive detection of n-butanol based on In2O3/SnO2 composite hierarchical microspheres

Constructing heterojunction composites is an effective method to enhance the gas-sensing performance of metal oxide semiconductors. In this paper, In2O3 hierarchical microspheres were hydrothermally fabricated, and they were coated with SnO2 nanoparticles by a liquid phase deposition method to improve the sensor response to n-butanol. The impact of deposition time on the morphology, structure and gas sensing performance were investigated. The results indicated that the In2O3/SnO2 composite hierarchical microspheres with a deposition time of 60 min possessed the largest specific surface area of 137.6 m2/g and the best gas sensing properties. Its response toward 20 ppm n-butanol gas at 140 °C was 359, which was much higher than that of pure In2O3 hierarchical microspheres (the response was 51–100 ppm n-butanol gas at 140 °C). In addition to enhanced sensitivity, this sensor showed quick recovery time, excellent selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability for n-butanol, indicating its potential for practical applications.

Porous Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Composite Microspheres for Vancomycin Loading and Releasing.

Porous chitosan/hydroxyapatite (Chi-HAp) composite microspheres were prepared in an aqueous solution containing chitosan, calcium nitrate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate by using a hydrothermal method at various temperatures. The investigation indicated that temperature significantly impacted the final product's appearance. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coupled with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) flakes were obviously found at 65 and 70 °C, while the latter gradually disappeared at higher temperatures. Conversely, synthesis at 90 °C led to smaller particle sizes due to the broken chitosan chains. The microspheres synthesized at 75 °C were selected for further analysis, revealing porous structures with specific surface areas of 36.66 m2/g, pores ranging from 3 to 100 nm, and pore volumes of 0.58 cm3/g. Vancomycin (VCM), an antibiotic, was then absorbed on and released from the microspheres derived at 75 °C, with a drug entrapment efficiency of 20% and a release duration exceeding 20 days. The bacteriostatic activity of the VCM/composite microspheres against Staphylococcus aureus increased with the VCM concentration and immersion time, revealing a stable inhibition zone diameter of approximately 4.3 mm from 24 to 96 h, and this indicated the retained stability and efficacy of the VCM during the encapsulating process.

Electrospray Nano-Micro Composite Sodium Alginate Microspheres with Shape-Adaptive, Antibacterial, and Angiogenic Abilities for Infected Wound Healing.

Nonhealing infectious wounds, characterized by bacterial colonization, wound microenvironment destruction, and shape complexity, present an intractable problem in clinical practice. Inspired by LEGOs, building-block toys that can be assembled into desired shapes, we proposed the use of electrospray nano-micro composite sodium alginate (SA) microspheres with antibacterial and angiogenic properties to fill irregularly shaped wounds instantly. Specifically, porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (MSs) encapsulating basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were produced by a water-in-oil-in-water double-emulsion method. Then, bFGF@MSs were blended with the SA solution containing ZIF-8 nanoparticles. The resultant solution was electrosprayed to obtain nano-micro composite microspheres (bFGF@MS/ZIF-8@SAMSs). The composite MSs' size could be regulated by PLGA MS mass proportion and electrospray voltage. Moreover, bFGF, a potent angiogenic agent, and ZIF-8, bactericidal nanoparticles, were found to release from bFGF@MS/ZIF-8@SAMSs in a controlled and sustainable manner, which promoted cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation and killed bacteria. Through experimentation on rat models, bFGF@MS/ZIF-8@SAMSs were revealed to adapt to wound shapes and accelerate infected wound healing because of the synergistic effects of antibacterial and angiogenic abilities. In summation, this study developed a feasible approach to prepare bioactive nano-micro MSs as building blocks that can fill irregularly shaped infected wounds and improve healing.

Carboxyl-Assisted Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly for the Preparation of Magnetic Polymer Composite Microspheres

Carboxyl-Assisted Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly for the Preparation of Magnetic Polymer Composite Microspheres

Facile way of preparing PMMA@TiO2@SiO2 (P@T@S) composite microspheres with high haze and light transmittance for diffusion film

AbstractIn recent years, optical diffusion film materials with high transmittance and high haze have been widely reported, while there is relatively rare research on their functionalization and practical application especially in real scenario. In this work, optical diffusion films using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)@TiO2@SiO2 (P@T@S) composite microspheres were fabricated, which exhibited sufficiently high light transmittance and haze. The binding mode of PMMA microspheres and nanoparticles suggested that PMMA microspheres with a positive surface potential combined with nanoparticles with a negative surface potential through electrostatic attraction to achieve mutual binding. The prepared P@T@S composite microspheres showed better heat and swelling resistance than those of PMMA microspheres. The P@T@S diffusion film, whose excellent light diffusion effect was clearly demonstrated, exhibited the best optical performance among all optical diffusion films prepared. After passing through the P@T@S diffusion film, the laser light was not only uniform but also bright. The findings from this work can provide some insight into further research on optical diffusion films applied in optoelectronic device areas.

Robust mechanical strength and high colorfastness of amorphous photonic crystals on fabrics with durable antibacterial and anti-static properties

The technique of utilizing structural color dyeing presents a sustainable and energy-conserving approach to textile dyeing. However, the coating with structural coloration always exhibited cracks and inadequate colorfastness attributed to the presence of capillary tension. In this study, we employed a hydrophilic silane called 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) to chemically modify the fabric. This method endowed the fabric with reactive amino groups, thereby augmenting the interfacial bonding strength between polydopamine (PDA)@SiO2@Ag+/Ag NPs and the fabric substrate through metal coordination and covalent bonds. Additionally, by utilizing catechol complexation, we successfully loaded Ag ions onto the PDA coating of composite microspheres. These Ag ions acted as linkers during self-assembly of microspheres. The active amino groups on the surface of chemically modified cotton fabric reacted with PDA at a specific temperature, resulting in the formation of robust covalent bonds simultaneously. The resulting fabric demonstrated excellent water resistance as well as efficient antibacterial and anti-static properties, which were confirmed through various mechanical tests such as washing, folding, and rubbing experiments. This research presents an innovative approach for creating durable structural colored fabrics with multifunctional properties based on metal coordination and covalent bonds that can be effectively applied in textile printing and dyeing.

Fabrication of Monodisperse Magnetic Polystyrene Mesoporous Composite Microspheres for High-Efficiency Selective Adsorption and Rapid Separation of Cationic Dyes in Textile Industry Wastewater.

Sustainable development has become an inevitable trend in the world's green chemical industry for a generation or more. In this study, a monodisperse magnetic polystyrene mesoporous composite microsphere (MPPS) composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles loaded on polystyrene mesoporous microspheres is introduced. These microspheres serve as effective adsorbents for the swift removal of cationic dyes. The fabrication of the wastewater adsorbent, with its simple operation and economic practicality, involved a combination of dispersion polymerization, a sulfonation reaction, two-step swelling polymerization, and in situ alkaline oxidation technology. Notably, the adsorption capacity within 3 min reaches 184.0 mg/g, with an impressive adsorption efficiency of 92%. This is primarily attributed to the high specific surface area (Smax) of the MPPS providing more reaction sites for π-π interaction. Simultaneously, the attractive force between negatively charged sulfonic acid groups and cationic dyes is enhanced through surface modification of the MPPS. Furthermore, the MPPS, boasting a maximum saturation magnetization of 38.19 emu/g, ensures rapid separation from the solution for recycling within 3 s. Even after 5 cycles, the adsorption efficiency remains over 90%. The rapid separation of dyes is facilitated by the magnetic attraction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles from the MPPS under the application of a magnetic field. These composite mesoporous materials exhibit outstanding performance in both efficient selective adsorption and recyclability, presenting a novel green adsorbent with promising prospects for sustainable development. This innovation is poised to excel in fields such as sewage treatment, separation, and purification.

Tannic acid-crosslinked gelatin composite microspheres adsorbed with CQAS or Ca2+ for rapid hemostasis

In the case of massive blood loss due to natural disasters and wars, timely and rapid hemostasis is of great significance to improve the survival rate of injured people. Nevertheless, uncontrolled, noncompressible, and irregular bleeding wounds remain a giant challenge for rapid hemostasis. In this study, the tannic acid-crosslinked gelatin was first obtained by Michael addition reaction, and then the tannic acid-crosslinked gelatin composite microspheres (TGMs) were prepared by the emulsion cross-linking method. TGMs could significantly improve the water absorption and hemostatic performance compared with single component gelatin microspheres (GMs). Increasing the water absorption ratio and introducing blood coagulation factors into composite materials are simple and effective strategies to enhance the hemostatic properties. Therefore, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQAS) and Ca2+ were electrostatic adsorbed to obtain two kinds of functional TGMs, which were respectively CQAS-absorbed TGMs (T2GMs-CQAS) and calcium ion-absorbed TGMs (T2GMs-Ca2+). Notably, T2GMs-CQAS, and T2GMs-Ca2+ could absorb water rapidly within 3 seconds, in addition, especially the water absorption ratio of T2GMs-CQAS could reach 2.95 times compared with GMs. Benefited from rapid water absorption, coagulation pathway activation, and red blood cells aggregation of T2GMs-CQAS and T2GMs-Ca2+, resulting in rapid blood coagulation in vitro. In addition, CQAS and Ca2+ provided strong and intrinsic antibacterial activity due to positive charge. Moreover, in the tail amputation and liver hemostatic models, T2GMs-CQAS and T2GMs-Ca2+ demonstrated superior hemostatic effects compared to commercial Yunnan Baiyao®. In conclusion, T2GMs-CQAS and T2GMs-Ca2+ have potential applications as hemostatic dressings in uncontrolled, noncompressible, and irregular bleeding wounds.

An injectable bone paste of poly (lactic acid)/zinc-doped nano hydroxyapatite composite microspheres for skull repair

In this study, poly (lactic acid)/zinc-doped nano hydroxyapatite (PLA/nano-ZnHA) composite microspheres were prepared and formed into injectable bone paste with sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for bone defect repair. The effect of component of bone paste on injectability and zinc doping content related biological properties were mainly discussed. An injectable bone paste of PLA/nano-ZnHA composite microspheres (CM) was formed in mass ratio of (2.5–25):(0.25–4): (0–2.5):(20−65) of CM, SA, PVA and water with the favorable injectability (average force:4.46±1.72 N). In vitro 5%-10% zinc doping content displayed significantly higher promotion on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than 15%-20% zinc doping content. Furthermore, in vivo the significant promoting effect of 0–5% zinc doping in ZnHA on bone repair was observed. Although 5% zinc doping content did not show a significant enhancement in bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), it has the ability to improve the bone mineral density (BMD) in early stage of bone repair compared with the 0% zinc doping content. The PLA/nano-ZnHA composite microsphere injectable paste with convenient surgical operation and well filling ability has the potential to become a competitive tissue repair material.

Enhanced Energy Storage Performance through Controlled Composition and Synthesis of 3D Mixed Metal-Oxide Microspheres.

Binary transition metal oxide complexes (BTMOCs) in three-dimensional (3D) layered structures show great promise as electrodes for supercapacitors (SCs) due to their diverse oxidation states, which contribute to high specific capacitance. However, the synthesis of BTMOCs with 3D structures remains challenging yet crucial for their application. In this study, we present a novel approach utilizing a single-step hydrothermal technique to fabricate flower-shaped microspheres composed of a NiCo-based complex. Each microsphere consists of nanosheets with a mesoporous structure, enhancing the specific surface area to 23.66 m2 g-1 and facilitating efficient redox reactions. When employed as the working electrode for supercapacitors, the composite exhibits remarkable specific capacitance, achieving 888.8 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. Furthermore, it demonstrates notable electrochemical stability, retaining 52.08% capacitance after 10,000 cycles, and offers a high-power density of 225 W·kg-1, along with an energy density of 25 Wh·kg-1, showcasing its potential for energy storage applications. Additionally, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was assembled using NiCo microspheres-based complex and activated carbon (AC). Remarkably, the NiCo microspheres complex/AC configuration delivers a high specific capacitance of 250 F g-1 at 1 A g-1, with a high energy density of 88 Wh kg-1, for a power density of 800 W kg-1. The ASC also exhibits excellent long-term cyclability with 69% retention over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Furthermore, a series of two ASC devices demonstrated the capability to power commercial blue LEDs for a duration of at least 40 s. The simplicity of the synthesis process and the exceptional performance exhibited by the developed electrode materials hold considerable promise for applications in energy storage.

Continuous pipe-stream self-assembly technology for preparation of high sphericity FOX-7/HMX energetic composite microspheres

The emphasis on producing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres has increased in energetic materials. However, few methods are available for preparing good spherical and morphological composite microspheres. To produce composite microspheres that are both high-energy and safe, in this article, a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device was constructed to produce FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres continuously and taking advantage of the principle that PVA and Tween-80 can reduce the surface tension of the microspheres in water. In comparison with the molding powders produced by the kneading way, the FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres prepared by this device had fewer surface defects, a denser structure, a more spherical shape, and a smaller range of particle sizes. The mechanical properties of the pressed columns were better, with maximum compressive strength and strain increased by 44.2% and 21.4%, respectively; and the flowability and bulk density were also improved to some extent (angle of repose: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 26.6° vs 51.1°; bulk density: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 0.522 vs 0.426 g/cm3). Mechanical sensitivity has also been significantly reduced. This article provides innovative ideas for preparing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres using a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device.