Electrochemical reduction engineering for composite Sb/Cu2Sb anodes toward high-efficiency potassium storage.

Optimized adsorption-hydration hybrid methane storage: Study on methane hydrate formation controlled by the pores of mesoporous ZIF-8@AC composite materials

Smartphone-activated anti-counterfeiting via HDPE/poly(3-bromothiophene)-encapsulated FAPbBr3 perovskite nanocomposites

A comprehensive review of lead acid battery end-of-life management: Future perspectives and guidelines

Traditional nerve repair methods, such as autologous nerve grafting and allogeneic nerve grafting, face issues such as donor shortage, functional loss, and immune rejection. Decellularized extracellular matrix-based grafts have emerged as highly promising alternatives, capable of uniquely recreating the natural neural microenvironment, promoting host cell remodeling, and ultimately enhancing functional neural regeneration. This review comprehensively analyzes the key mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, focusing on contemporary therapeutic strategies for key aspects such as axonal apoptosis inhibition, enhanced intrinsic regenerative capacity, construction of regenerative microenvironment, and prevention of target organ atrophy. Findings from this review has shown that decellularized extracellular matrix grafts can promote the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of nerve cells by providing physical support, chemical signals, and mechanical stability. Decellularized extracellular matrix grafts are mainly used as nerve conduits, scaffolds, hydrogels, and 3D printing inks. Decellularized extracellular matrix grafts have demonstrated significant advantages in promoting nerve regeneration by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of Schwann cells, improving the neural microenvironment, reducing inflammatory responses, and promoting angiogenesis. Additionally, decellularized extracellular matrix grafts can serve as drug carriers, enabling the controlled release of growth factors, which further enhances nerve regeneration. However, these grafts also have some limitations, including the presence of immunogenic residues, inadequate mechanical properties, inter-batch variability, and uncontrollable degradation rates. Future research should focus on optimizing the decellularization process, enhancing the mechanical properties of decellularized extracellular matrix grafts, reducing immunogenicity, improving biocompatibility and safety, and developing new composite materials. Furthermore, exploring their application potential in complex nerve injuries, such as diabetic neuropathy, is crucial to meet the needs of peripheral nerve regeneration and repair.

Structurally disordered CoSx-Co(OH)2 heterointerface for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

Highly corrosion-resistant and electrically conductive high-entropy dodecaboride ceramic composites for promising inert anode materials

A form-stable and durable composite phase change material modified with sodium lignosulfonate and expanded graphite for mid-temperature thermal energy storage

Biomimetic composite phase change materials: From structural design to functional integration

A “reinforced-concrete” inspired molten salt composite phase change material: Synergistic enhancement of shape stability and electrothermal conversion for high-temperature thermal energy storage

Sustained-thermal-regulation composite PCMs using porous waste-derived support and epoxy encapsulation for enhanced thermal resilience of asphalt pavements

Research on coupling modification of perlite-based composite phase-change materials using stearic acid and coupling agents

Industrial waste salt resource utilization: construction and performance optimization of molten salt-ceramic composite thermal storage materials

Development and evaluation of asphalt binders incorporating binary shape-stabilized composite phase change materials

A CFD method to predict the generation of toxic gases produced by burning external cladding is presented. The model and its assumption have been validated using BS 8414 experimental data for two cladding systems with different aluminium composite materials (ACM). The predicted temperatures are in good agreement with the measured data and the predicted toxic gas concentrations follow the measured trends. The model is then used to assess tenability conditions in a target flat and the lobby five floors above the fire origin, in which toxic smoke penetrates the flat via a half-open kitchen window. Only the impact of cladding materials is considered. Simulations indicate that if the target flat occupants commence their evacuation shortly after alarm activation, they are likely to be able to pass through the lobby and safely evacuate. However, if they delay their evacuation by 21 minutes, they are likely to become incapacitated due to inhalation of toxic gases. The PIR contribution to the fractional incapacitating dose (FIN) is approximately half that from ACM PE in the target flat and varies from a third to a half in the target lobby. Furthermore, the HCN contribution to the FIN is minor (less than 5%). • A method to calculate toxic gas generation from cladding fires is proposed • The model and its assumptions have been validated using BS 8414 experimental data • A high-rise cladding fire with ACM PE and PIR and an open window is simulated • Occupants 5 floors above fire origin with open windows are incapacitated in 21 min • The PIR contribution to the fractional incapacitating dose is half that of ACM PE

Shape-stabilised phase change materials for reinforced concrete roof cooling: Thermophysical performance study

Synthesis of nitrogen-rich ionic polyimine networks based composite materials grown in situ and efficient iodine capture

Robust PAM/HACC dual-network hydrogel with hydroxylated carbon nanotubes for strain sensing and electromagnetic interference shielding

Per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly harmful substances known as “forever chemicals” due to their resistance to degradation and their persistence in the environment. Many compounds in this class, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are also highly toxic to humans. We investigated the harvesting efficiency of accumulated PFOA from freshwater samples using zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF), i.e. UiO-66, as the primary adsorbent with a high chemical affinity for PFOA. To improve MOF stability and applicability, the UiO-66 gel was mixed with biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) at concentrations of 0 (pure PCL control), 5, 12, 21 and 35 wt%, respectively, and an electric field was used to electrospin a fibrous composite material (PCL-UiO-66). Gravity-driven filtration experiments using PFOA-contaminated water (2.36 mM solution) were performed to understand the correlation between the UiO-66 content in PCL-UiO-66 and the PFOA harvesting efficiency. The PFOA uptake increases linearly with the concentration of UiO-66 incorporated in the composite, achieving a maximum of ~57% using 35 wt% UiO-66 and a single-pass filtration process. Post-filtration fluorine content in the membranes confirms effective PFOA uptake of the PCL-UiO-66. Moreover, batch-soaking experiments showed that ~90% of PFOA was removed after 16 h soaking time. Here, PFOA uptake vs UiO-66 content follows an exponential trend, reaching saturation at ≧ 21 wt% of UiO-66. Stability and recyclability of the PCL-UiO-66 nanofibers have been assessed. Regenerated mats were subsequently used in a second batch soaking experiment under identical conditions and show now indication of performance loss or any signs of degradation. These results demonstrate the applicability of fibrous PCL-UiO-66-based filters for the highly efficient removal of PFOA traces from freshwater as a scalable water treatment technology using biodegradable materials. We fabricated biodegradable PCL nanofibers via electrospinning of UiO-66 MOF for the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water. Increasing MOF loading increased the adsorption capacity to ~35 mg g −1 . Batch soaking outperformed single-pass filtration due to equilibrium control. These hybrid membranes offer a sustainable, high-efficiency platform for PFAS remediation.

The zeta potential is a key interfacial property for understanding boundary conditions at solid–fluid interfaces and at the fluid–fluid interfaces. It plays a critical role in a wide range of engineering processes and theoretical studies. In natural geological materials, however, the zeta potential cannot be measured directly and must be inferred from macroscopic electrokinetic observations. Because most porous media contain mixtures of minerals with distinct interfacial properties, self-potential measurements reflect an apparent zeta potential rather than a single intrinsic value. Existing capillary-bundle formulations typically assume a spatially uniform surface charge, an assumption that breaks down in heterogeneous composite materials. Here we develop an analytical framework that quantifies how mineralogical heterogeneity controls the apparent zeta potential of porous mixtures. By extending the bundle-of-capillaries model, we derive Voigt- and Reuss-type mixture laws that represent two end-member configurations: parallel and series arrangements of surface-charge heterogeneities. The theoretical predictions are evaluated using pore-network simulations and published experimental data. When mineral phases share similar pore-size distributions, the apparent zeta potential follows a Voigt-type mixing rule. Incorporating empirical ζ –pH relationships for silica and calcite reproduces the observed pH dependence and polarity reversal of the apparent zeta potential as mineral proportions vary. The proposed framework provides a physically consistent link between mineral composition, surface-charge variability, and electrokinetic responses, improving the interpretation of self-potential signals in heterogeneous natural porous media. • We propose an analytical framework to quantify the apparent zeta potential of mixed-mineral porous media. • Mineral heterogeneity is shown to control the apparent zeta potential through the spatial arrangement of surface-charge domains. • Voigt- and Reuss-type mixture laws are derived as upper and lower bounds corresponding to parallel and series configurations. • Pore-network simulations and published experimental data validate the analytical predictions. • The framework reproduces pH-dependent variations and polarity reversal of the apparent zeta potential in silica–calcite mixtures. • The model provides a physically consistent link between pore geometry, surface charge heterogeneity, and macroscopic electrokinetic responses.