Construction Of Composite Materials Research Articles

МИНЕРАЛО-ПЕТРОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗА ГЛИНИСТОГО СЫРЬЯ ТУРКЕСТАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМОГО В КАЧЕСТВЕ ДОБАВОК К ТЕПЛОИЗОЛЯЦИОННЫМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ

The article discusses the contributes to the development of a new focus on the use of various mixtures of natural raw materials and waste in the construction materials industry as a strategically important direction for solving the environmental burden and recycling industrial waste with a feasibility study that improves the state of the environment. This problem is particularly relevant in the production of building materials used in environmentally distressed areas of the republic and in conditions of intense corrosion and erosion wear. The production of efficient building materials and products that meet the modern requirements of environmental friendliness, basic physical and mechanical characteristics, availability and cost is an important and not fully solved task in the field of construction and the construction materials industry. Analysis have been conducted on the current state of the local availability of perspective materials for high-quality composite construction materials, their chemical and mineralogical and granulometric properties have been studied, the influence of the granulometric composition of the basic properties of a composite material and features of the structure formation during heat treatment were studies; physical and mechanical properties of the obtained compositions were tested. Optimal compositions and technological schemes for the production of composite materials based on the use of technogenic waste, natural raw materials and their mixtures have been developed to ensure the production of high-quality construction products with specified thermomechanical properties.The optimization of compositions and properties of compositions was carried out using mathematical planning methods, which made it possible to predict changes in the properties of composite materials depending on the number, weight of the components and the size of the filler granules. Experimental batches of at least 3 main types of construction products were obtained.

Application of Multiple Linear Regression Models and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Models to estimate the Compressive Strength of Concrete

The most widely used composite construction material is concrete. Compressive strength is an important monitoring parameter for quality assurance at construction site. In this paper,two different models of Multiple Linear Regression ( MLR) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are developed to predict the 28 day compressive strength of concrete using the experimental datasets available . These two models are compared . Sensitivity Analysis (SA) is carried out for two different sets of parameters. ANFIS models predict more effectively as their coefficients of multiple determination(R Square) are higher than those of MLR models. This shows that the nonlinear correlation among input variables is better represented in ANFIS models than in MLR models .Goal 12 of United Nations Sustainable Development deals with the sustainable consumption and production patterns and it is taken into account as environmentally degrading materials( flyash and blast furnace slag ) are used.

The Use of Crumb Rubber-Based Composite Materials in the Road Pavement

The paper describes examples of improving the asphalt mix properties with modifiers, the main component of which is recycled rubber. The experience of foreign countries in the construction and operation of roads coated with rubber-modified asphalt concrete is shown. The use of modified asphalt concrete in the Russian Federation and the reasons limiting the use of new technologies in road construction in our country have been analyzed. The issue of the possibility of building roads with the hard pavement, in which coatings of crumb rubber-based composite materials are used as a wearing course, is considered in detail. Conclusions are drawn about the need to arrange the collection of rubber wastes and the creation of enterprises to process them into the required raw materials and perform studies to evaluate the use of road coatings containing recycled rubber-based composite materials in road construction.

Recycling Phenolic Wastewater from Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Production

The sorption Phenolic wastewater is a kind of hazardous waste due to the presence of free phenol which is a highly toxic organic compound. Described in the literature and implemented, technology solutions for dephenolization are commonly based on thermal destruction. However, thermal treatment technologies have a range of disadvantages and the main ones of them are the losing of phenol and formaldehyde, which are valuable chemical raw materials and changing the balance of atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide. At the same time, owing to bonding properties, phenol and formaldehyde are used as polymer binders for manufacturing composite materials gradually replacing commercial synthetic resins. The paper presents results of the investigation related to developing a resource-saving technology for the recovery of phenol and formaldehyde from industrial phenolic wastewater by obtaining composite construction material and sodium phenolate. Sawdust and wastes from textolite manufacturing and processing were used as fillers and modifiers in a composite mixture. The presented technological process has been developed on the base of recycling using combined technologies through inter-industrial collaboration. This approach makes it possible to obtain high-quality recycled products from technogenic raw materials (degree of phenol conversion was 0.995) and to carry out complete dephenolization of the wastewater (residual phenol concentration was 2⋅10−2 mg/l), which can be used in the wastewater reuse system for the main chemical manufacturing.

Perspectives for use of composite and polymer materials in aircraft construction

One of the main indicators characterizing the quality of modern products are reliability indicators. The detection and development of effective measures to combat corrosion of aviation materials and structures is one of the most important areas of ensuring safety, high operational reliability and efficiency of modern aviation technology. It is one of the modern trends in the development of aviation at this stage of development of aircraft construction. This article discusses the technological aspects of the development of the use of composite materials in aircraft construction at the present stage of society development. The aircraft industry is one of the high-tech industries where modern polymer and composite materials play a decisive role. In this regard, the development of composite and polymer materials is the future of all the world aviation.

Nove tehnologije montaže brodskog trupa u brodogradnji

The modern stage of shipbuilding industry development is characterized by an intense competition and the beginning of introduction of new materials and effective welding technologies, which change the appearance of this quite conservative field, at leading global shipbuilding enterprises. In particular, the application of laser technologies during ship construction decreases the cost of hull manufacturing by 30%, increases the production capacity by 10%, and reduces welding deformations by 30% compared to traditional welding methods. The application of composite materials for ship construction allows decreasing the ship weight by 10%, which leads to 1-7% decrease in fuel consumption, reduction of polluting emissions and significant saving of expenditures. Adhesion-bonded joints become more frequently used in shipbuilding, as they off er a possibility of joining different materials along with the advantages brought by the adhesion process itself, being reliable, cost-efficient and ensuring easy maintenance and repair.

Reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures with composite materials

Composite materials are becoming more widespread in many areas of the national economy, including in construction, due to their high strength parameters with low weight characteristics. Currently, composite material is the most promising material in building. The use of composite materials in construction for the manufacture, reinforcement and repair of reinforced concrete structures facilitates their lightening, allows varying the physical and mechanical characteristics by positioning the composite base in the desired direction. Therefore, consideration of the issues of reinforcing floor slabs commonly used in construction with composite materials is an important and relevant topic. The use of composite materials in reinforced concrete elements provides increased crack resistance and stiffness of reinforced concrete elements. This is due to the localization and redistribution of deformations in the stretched zone.

Selected aspects of diagnosing material removal machining processes state

The article presents the results of works on the analysis of the possibility of using force measurements to determine the state of the machining process, both in relation to the phenomena occurring during machining and the workpiece itself compared to acoustic emission signal (AE). The research and analyzes were carried out for the commonly used material removal processes of objects; turning, milling, grinding and drilling. Various materials were processed - metal alloy Hardox 400 as well as fiber composite materials (GFRP - Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) and polymer construction material RenShape® BM5035 with various structures. As a result of the conducted analyzes, it was determined that the forces generated in the machine tool-holder-workpiece-tool layout can constitute a good diagnostic signal, on the basis of which it is possible to conclude about the state of the process.

An Experimental Investigation on Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement by Fly Ash and Fine Aggregate by Quarry Dust

The concrete is a composite construction material. The necessary ingredients like cement, Natural Sand, Gravel and potable Water are important components of concrete. The issue of environmental degradation and expensive nature of the river sand makes us to switch on to the alternative sources. One such material having strength and durability is quarry dust which is a by-product from quarries which is causing lot of environmental issues. In this present study the replacement of the fine aggregate is done with quarry dust and cement with fly ash. Replacements of cement are partially done with Fly Ash at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The experimental work primarily concentrates with compressive strength, split tensile strength and sturdiness properties of M40 grade of concrete at completely different ages i.e., 7 days, 28 days, 56 days and 90 days. The Split tensile strength and sturdiness checks like Acid attack and Chloride penetration test for 28 day were done. The Test results were promising when cement was partially replaced by 10% of Fly ash for all the days.

An Experimental Study on Behaviors of Beam-Column Joint Wrapped With Aramid Fiber

Concrete is a composite construction material plays a vital role in the construction of the nation’s infrastructure. The failure of the structure are mainly due to the failure of the concrete in beam, column joints.In recent days more technical researches are going on to avoid the beam-column joints failure. In this experiment we add the aramid fiber to check the behavior of beamcolumn joints and externally wrapped with aramid fiber was test to failure. Using an arrangement which transfer horizontal moment to the joints of the beam-column through two opposite cantilever moment arms.Aramid fiber is a class of synthetic fibers and heat resistant. They are fibers in which the strength of the chemical bond can be exploited due to the reason the chain molecules are highly oriented along the fiber axis. The experimental work consist of casting RC beam-column joints in controlled beam-column joints, design for torsion beamcolumn joints, and fully wrapped with aramid fiber beamcolumn joints each 3 specimen and curing this specimen for 7,14,28 days and testing this test specimen under “Loading Frame”.

Raman imaging for measuring homogeneity of dry binary blend: Combining microscopy with spectroscopy for technologists.

Expanding the capabilities of Raman scattering as an analytical tool for engineering applications can optimize the technological output immensely. Understanding the homogeneity of any blended mix is one such significant parameter in the family of composite building construction materials that needs an appropriate tool for its measurement. Raman spectromicroscopy has been established here for the purpose of studying the chemical homogeneity at the microscopic scale of a dry binary blend used in the building constructions as an example. In this study, two waste stone powdered materials, obtained from western Indian stone fields, have been characterized in their respective unmixed forms using Raman spectroscopy up to an extent so that the same can be developed as a microscopic tool to clearly "see" the chemical homogeneity of a mixture. A step-by-step study has been carried out by first, simply making a physically separated and identifiable boundary of the two materials followed by obtaining a Raman line image. The Raman line map could clearly identify the boundary, which otherwise was not possible to appreciate visibly. The same recipe has been extended to study the homogeneity of a binary mixture (blended in 1:1 ratio), using a Raman area map. The novelty of the work lies in the advancement in the analytical tool's family to see the chemical homogeneity of building construction materials at the microscopic level. Chemical imaging using Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated as a simple tool to understand the homogeneity of the dry binary blend, which was not possible by other simple techniques. Using Raman area mapping proves to be a quick, valuable, and effective tool for measuring the homogeneity of the blended mixes at the microscopic scale and important for application in building construction materials.

Performance Analysis of Bentonite-PVA Fiber Cement-Based Composites for Building Based on BP Neural Network

The paper will use BP neural network analysis method to study the thermal conductivity of bentonite and its influencing factors as a system. The heat conduction of bentonite was used as the output of the system, and its influencing factors were used as the system input to simulate. The corresponding simulation model was established to verify the thermal conductivity data. In addition, the analysis of the mechanical properties of the bentonite-PVA fiber cement-based composite materials for construction has not only laid a theoretical and realistic foundation for the prediction and simulation of the thermal conductivity of bentonite, but also has opened up the mechanical properties of the bentonite-PVA fiber cement-based composite materials a new path.

Modification of cement composites by oligomeric products of bicomponent composition

Application of complex chemical additives of different composition and functional purpose allow improving technological construction and technical properties of composite construction materials, including cement concrete and soil cement compositions. It is considered are relevant the development of organic mineral supplements additives with various hardness activator which extend wide range of effective modifiers a improve the desired properties of the concrete compositions. In the study we studied how the system is formed interpolymer complexesof bicomponent composition modifier was studied which consisted of a mixture of acetonformaldehyde (ACF-75), ureaformaldehyde resins (UFR) features of structural connections and influence on nature of hydration processes of cement systems and influence on the nature of hydration processes of cement systems. The results of the study showed the effect of regulating rheological properties at the initial stages of cement stone hardening and participation in formation of its structure depending on functional structure of molecules. Creation of intermediate products due to reactive groups in ACF and UFR compositions, the resin in combination allows effective control of the process speed their curing both in alkaline and acidic environments.

How Adding Wood Dust Affects the Properties of Composite Construction Materials

Composite materials based on wood dust are promising construction materials that have recently gained traction in the market. Their success is attributable to the benefits such materials represent for construction: they are eco-friendly and resistant to atmospheric effects; they are well-disposable and easy to machine. Utilizing wood dust is essentially recycling the waste of woodworking, furniture-making, and lumbering industries, as well as the waste associated with the use of low-grade wood. The present paper covers the processes that occur in the structure of a composite materials when using abrasive wood dust as a filler. The research team has made pilot samples of various composition; analysis revealed the composition affected such properties as density, flexural strength, and water absorption. The effects were further analyzed to attribute them to specific mixture components. Refining the production technology and the recipe is one of the key objectives of producing and applying constructional composites today. Maximizing the performance while reducing the energy costs and the production costs requires a focus on rheological properties. The properties of a composites material mainly depend on the type and properties of its organic filler. Understanding that is fundamental to optimizing the composition, i.e. to finding such filler that will provide sufficient strength at a maximum fill factor. It is also known that using fillers makes the composition significantly cheaper.

КОМПОЗИТЫ КОНТАКТНО-КОНДЕНСАЦИОННОГО ТВЕРДЕНИЯ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ОТХОДОВ

The problem of industrial waste disposal is becoming more acute every year. The environmental situation in our country and around the world is steadily deteriorating. Natural resources used by humans are also declining, which also necessitates their replacement with alternative sources. In this regard, the problem of obtaining effective composite construction materials and products using industrial wastes is becoming increasingly urgent. A promising direction of solving this problem is application of contact-condensing hardening technology. The article presents the results of the study of strength properties of composites made using cement dust, glass and slag. The results of the study of physical and mechanical properties and resistance under the conditions of aggressive media are given. Various ways of combining components of these composites have been investigated. As a result, industrial waste materials having improved strength characteristics, resistant to various aggressive media are obtained.

Study of micromycete destructive power in gypsum and polymeric binding composite construction materials

Analyzing fungus resistance of gypsum and organic composites is extremely important since fungi may both lead to deterioration in mechanical and operational properties of construction materials and adversely affect people’s health, including development of chronic diseases. We study fungus resistance and fungicidity characteristics of popular finishing gypsum and organic (epoxy- and polyester-based) composites. Plaster materials get exposed to micromycete biocorrosion faster than the ones based on a polymeric binding. Micromycetes adapt on plaster samples quicker than on epoxy and polyester samples. During their metabolism, micromycetes intensively allocate acid products on plaster samples, their high enzymatic activity is also noticed on polymeric materials.

Recycled fibers in reinforced concrete: A systematic literature review

Concrete is one of the leading composite materials for construction, therefore the identification of strategies aimed at reducing its environmental impact is crucial for greening the building industry and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations. One way to reduce this impact involves the opportunity to recycle waste materials as fiber in concrete reinforcement, thus following the circular economy principles. The feasibility of using different waste materials in Recycled Fiber Reinforced Concrete (RFRC) is attracting practitioners’ attention. Through a systematic literature review, the paper analyzes the academic literature on concrete reinforcement using recycled fibers. The main goal is to provide an exhaustive analysis of the phenomenon with rigorous and reproducible research criteria. Eventually, 194 articles were analyzed. RFRC is a research topic, which is rapidly growing over the last years and scholars’ attention is focused both on engineering aspects, through experimental studies testing the composite mechanical properties, and environmental sustainability considerations. From the analysis, emerged that even though the relevance of the construction industry and, as a consequence, of concrete in the global transition toward sustainability it is widely recognized, there is a gap in investing the potential of RFCR in addressing the triple bottom line of it. Finally, it emerged a great research potential in exploring how recycled fibers may be part of a construction industry oriented and inspired to circular economy principles.

Thermal action of pulse radiation on the carbon conic shells loaded with internal pressure

The new mechanism of constructions destruction as a result of thermal action of radiations and particles fluxes was considered. It is supposed that interruption of construction operability comes owing to non-stationary processes of deformation and destruction. Non-stationary deformation and destruction take place as a result of action of quasi-stationary working loadings at saltatory change of construction rigidity. Jump of rigidity arises at volume and impact heating of material by means of action of radiations and particles fluxes.A numerical method for predicting of the thermal and tension-strain states of thin-walled orthotropic constructions having variable thickness under the action of energy fluxes of different physical nature are considered. Physical and chemical processes in result of heating of composite construction materials were taken into account. These processes are the binder pyrolysis, chemical reactions of carbon and air flow components, and the ablation of carbon residue. Non-stationary processes occurring in the shell has been numerically simulated. Model of layer-by-layer destruction is used in this simulation.

Impact of content and length of curauá fibers on mechanical behavior of extruded cementitious composites: Analysis of variance

The use of composite materials in construction has grown considerably in recent years, such as cementitious matrices and concrete reinforced with fibers. The vegetable fibers have become an alternative due to its abundance, low cost and low energy consumption for its production, and appropriate properties mechanical. Curauá fiber is a plant native from Amazonas harvested manually in commercial farming and it is used in the manufacture of ropes and baskets or as reinforcement in composite with organic matrix of components for cars, buses and trucks. On the other hand, the extrusion process can produce composites with high-density matrix with fibers, low permeability and good interface between fiber and matrix. This process is also compatible with the use of vegetable fibers as raw materials in the production of cost-effective construction elements such as ceiling panels and drywalls. The objective of this research was use the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for evaluating with rigor mathematical the influence of content and length of curauá fibers on the mechanical behavior of the extruded cementitious composites. Composites without fibers and reinforced with 1% and 2% by mass of fibers as well as 6 mm and 10 mm of length these curauá fibers were evaluated. The composites with fibers of 10 mm have showed better mechanical results. Besides, the composites with fibers curauá after 200 accelerated aging cycles were better than one non-aging.

Probabilistic fatigue life modelling of FRP composites for construction

Abstract Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been used extensively for aerospace, marine transportation, and wind energy applications for several decades prior to attracting widespread attention in the field of civil engineering. While limited data is available on the long term fatigue performance of FRP materials for construction and building projects, it is worthwhile to review the numerous comprehensive works done in other engineering disciplines and consider the lessons learned. In particular, the stochastic nature of the fatigue life of composite materials has been captured by probabilistic models presented in literature, but until now has not been evaluated in the context of construction materials. In this paper, various simple fatigue life models are presented and the Sendeckyj wear-out model based on the strength-life-equal-rank assumption is applied to fatigue data from a variety of material types and configurations intended for civil engineering structures. This approach uses maximum likelihood estimates to optimize the Weibull distribution parameters fitting experimental fatigue data to develop S-N curves for any probability of failure. The results presented show that the model is versatile and can be calibrated to describe the probabilistic nature of both the static and fatigue response of FRP composite materials for construction and building applications.