Fabric-reinforced Composites Research Articles

Helianthus Annuus L. Comparison Of The Properties Of Fibers Obtained From The Plant By Methods of Decortication And Retting

A large amount of sunflower production is carried out in our country. The 2,500,000 tons of sunflower stalks that appeared after production pose a problem for our farmer. In order to clean up this environmental problem from the field, sunflower stalks are destroyed by burning to warm up in winter, broken down and mixed into the soil, or burned after harvesting. It is thought that by obtaining qualified, ecological and naturally decomposing sunflower fiber from the stem of the sunflower plant, which is an agricultural waste, it can increase the added value of agricultural products and contribute to the protection of the environment. In this study, the anatomical characteristics of the stem of the sunflower plant were determined, and natural lignocellulosic fibers were obtained from the sunflower stem by retting and decortication methods (fresh stem, dried stem). Various physical, chemical and mechanical properties of these fibers have been measured. For this purpose, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analysis, XRD (X-Ray Diffractometer) analysis and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis were applied to the fibers obtained by different methods. Thermal analyses were performed by TG-DTA (Thermogravimetric) analysis. In addition, fiber strength, fiber fineness, fiber length and color measurements were made. The chemical content of the obtained fibers (pectin, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) was determined. The properties of the fibers were compared using the obtained data. As a result of the study, it has been seen that the characteristic properties of the sunflower fibers obtained by the retting method are better. It has been determined that the elemental, thermal and crystal structures of the fibers obtained by different methods are similar. It was concluded that sunflower fiber will not be spun as a yarn, but can be used as a natural polymeric composite reinforcement material.

Investigating the impact of extreme environments on the interlaminar performance of nanoparticle-reinforced carbon fiber composites

This study investigates the influence of extreme environmental conditions on the fracture toughness of halloysite nanotube (HNT)-reinforced carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The focus is on the impact of exposure to high humidity and its effects on the mechanical properties of the composites. The study reveals that exposure to high humidity enhances the fracture toughness of HNT-modified CFRP composites, attributed to the entrapped moisture between HNTs and the polymer matrix. This phenomenon enhances crack bridging and contributes to improved mechanical properties. Furthermore, the HNT-modified composites exhibit superior environmental degradation resistance compared to unmodified composites, demonstrating the potential of HNTs as reinforcement for advanced composite materials. The investigation underscores the significance of considering environmental factors in nanoparticle-reinforced composite design and applications, paving the way for the development of durable, high-performance materials capable of withstanding extreme conditions. The findings emphasize the need for continued research to enhance the durability and reliability of such composites, thereby offering sustainable solutions across a range of applications. This study contributes valuable insights towards the design and optimization of fracture-resistant composite materials for demanding environments.

Radiation Shielding Features of Glass Fiber Reinforced Cast Polyamide Using Phy-X/PSD and SRIM Software

The utilization of various materials for their nuclear radiation shielding properties has been the subject of a growing number of research and development projects. In this study, the radiation shielding characteristics of E-glass fiber reinforced cast polyamide were evaluated. E-glass is a form of glass fiber frequently utilized as a reinforcement in various composite materials to provide more durability, stiffness, and strength. Samples S1-S7 were defined according to various compositions of E-glass fiber contents (SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O and K2O) and cast polyamide (C12H22N2O2). Within the energy range 0.015-15 MeV, the shielding parameters: Linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half and tenth value layers (HVL, TVL), mean free path (mfp), effective atomic number (Zeff), atomic and electronic cross sections (ACS, ECS), fast neutron removal cross-section (FNRCS) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) were analyzed. E-glass fiber reinforced cast polyamide S7 (70% glass fiber content) exhibited higher values of LAC, MAC and Zeff and lower values of HVL, TVL, and mfp proving it to be a better radiation shielding material among the samples. An abrupt reduction in values of Zeff was discerned within the photoelectric absorption-dominant region, contrasted with a stable trend within the Compton scattering-dominant region, and a marginal elevation was noted in the pair production region. The maximum and minimum values of FNRCS were observed for samples S1 (10% glass fiber content) and S5 (50% glass fiber content) respectively. Hence, S1 would be the most effective material in fast neutron shielding. At 35 mfp penetration depth, the minimum EBF values belonged to S7 in lower and intermediate regions (0.015-3 MeV) whereas S1 showed the minimum values at higher energy regions (4-15 MeV). Furthermore, the mass stopping power (MSP) and projected range (PR) of the samples for alpha and proton particles were determined using SRIM-2008 codes. S7 exhibited better shielding features for alpha and proton particles with lower values of mass stopping power and projected range. The reinforcement of glass fiber in the cast polyamide has been noticed to have a significant impact on the shielding performance of polymer composites.

Nanodiamond-treated flax: improving properties of natural fibers

Synthetic fibers are used extensively as reinforcement in composite materials, but many of them face environmental concerns such as high energy consumption during production and complicated decommissioning. Natural fibers have been considered as an attractive solution for making composites more sustainable. However, they are generally not as strong as synthetic fibers. It is therefore of interest to investigate ways to improve the properties of natural fibers without compromising environmental issues. Here, we present a study of the moisture absorption and mechanical properties of flax that has been exposed to hydrogenated nanodiamonds through an ultrasonic dispersion treatment. Nanodiamonds are known to be non-toxic, unlike many other carbon-based nanomaterials. We show that nanodiamond-treated flax fabric has a lower moisture content (~ −18%), lower moisture absorption rate and better abrasion resistance (~ +30%). Single yarns, extracted from the fabric, show higher tensile strength (~ +24%) compared to untreated flax. Furthermore, we present a theoretical model for the nanodiamond fiber interaction, based on the Derjgauin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloid interactions. The simulations indicate that the mechanical properties improve due to an enhancement of the electrolytic force, dispersion force and hydrogen bonding of nanodiamond-treated fibers, which strengthens the cohesion between the fibers. We also apply the model to nanodiamond-treated cotton. The lower zeta potential of cotton increases the electrolytic force. Comparing the results to experimental data of nanodiamond-treated flax and nanodiamond-treated cotton suggests that the fiber’s zeta potential is critical for the improvements of their mechanical properties.Graphical abstract

Development of high-performance composite via innovative route using water hyacinth extracted nanocellulose and analysis of its physical properties

This study focuses on the development of a high-performance composite using a novel technique incorporating nanocellulose extracted from water hyacinth. The extraction procedure of nanocellulose from water hyacinth stems involves acid hydrolysis and sonication, followed by its incorporation into jute, glass, and cotton fabric through the dip coating method. The crystallinity index of the nanocellulose was determined to be 40.72% using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Additionally, the functional groups of the extracted nanocellulose were identified through FT-IR analysis, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated morphological changes after nanocellulose coating. Our synthesized water hyacinth nanocellulose exhibited compliance with previously studied results in FT-IR analysis. Both tensile and flexural strength tests revealed that the nanocellulose coating significantly improved the strength of the jute, cotton, and glass fabric-reinforced composites compared to their raw counterparts. Specifically, the jute nanocomposite exhibited a 24.61% increase in strength, the cotton woven nanocomposite showed a 19.39% enhancement, and the glass nanocomposite displayed 8.47% increment in strength. Similarly, the flexural stress of jute and cotton fabric nanocomposites showed a notable 11% and 8.9% increase, surpassing the 3.59% rise observed in glass nanocomposites. Overall, this research successfully completed all tests and achieved superior findings compared to earlier studies.

Bending Behavior Analysis of Box Beams with the Reinforcement of Composite Materials for Wind Turbine Blades

Wind turbine blades in excessive wind conditions present extreme deflection problems. For this reason, an analysis of the structural response of composite reinforced box beams is developed. For this purpose, reinforced box beams were fabricated to improve the bending strength in the flapwise direction of the wind turbine blades. The box beams were analyzed with three-dimensional models using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and validated with bending tests at four-points and two-points. The box beam meets the characteristics of lightness and mechanical strength. Experimental four-point bending results showed that reinforced cross-sections decrease displacements by 30.09% and increase their stiffness to 43.41% for a box beam without structural reinforcement. In addition, the two-point bending results showed a difference of 18.98% between the displacements of the beams with structural reinforcements. In the FEM analysis, a maximum error of 11.24% was obtained when correlating the maximum displacement value with the experimental results of the beams.

Drop-weight Impact Responses of Kenaf Fibre-Reinforced Composite-Metal Laminates: Effect of Chemical Treatment and Fibre Composition

Recently, fiber-metal laminates have gained high attention from material scientists and engineers, particularly when it comes to impact-critical applications. When compared to metallic alloys and composite materials, fiber-metal laminates offer several distinguishing advantages. This work intends to evaluate the low-velocity response of kenaf fiber-reinforced polypropylene metal-composite laminates with various fiber compositions, in line with the current trend of using natural fiber as possible reinforcement in composite materials. In addition, a comparison was made between the low-velocity impact response of non-treated and chemical-treated kenaf fiber-reinforced composite-metal laminates. A hot molding compression technique was employed to fabricate the laminates. Low-velocity impact tests were performed based on ASTM D7136 to determine the peak force, maximum displacement, and energy absorption of the materials. The results confirmed that NaOH treatment and increased fiber content resulted in a higher peak force of NaOH-treated kenaf-based metal laminates. For NaOH-treated laminates, the peak force of laminates with 70 wt% was found to be 11.20% higher than laminates with 50 wt% at the impact energy of 60 J. At fiber content of 70 wt%, the peak force of NaOH-treated laminates is 2.14% greater than that of untreated laminates when subjected to low-velocity impact with an energy level of 60 J. However, laminates with low fiber content and without NaOH treatment manifested higher maximum displacement and energy absorption due to the ductile behavior of such materials.

Development of Electromagnetic Shielding Composites Reinforced with Nonwovens Produced from Recycled Fibers.

As a light-weight solution for electromagnetic shielding, this paper aims to investigate the development of electrically conductive composites that shield from electromagnetic radiation while providing sustainability by using recycled fibers in the structure of nonwoven reinforcement materials. The main novelty of this research is the conversion of waste fabrics into functional composites via a fast and inexpensive method. For this purpose, waste fabrics were recycled into fibers, and the recycled fibers were processed into needle-punched nonwovens to be used as reinforcement materials for electromagnetic shielding composites. Electrically conductive composite structures were obtained by adding copper (II) sulfate and graphite conductive particles with different ratios to polyester resin. The hand lay-up method was used for the production of composites. Electromagnetic shielding, electrical resistivity, and some mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results were analyzed statistically using IBM SPSS software version 18. The results have shown that up to 31.43 dB of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was obtained in the 1-6 GHz frequency range. This result corresponds to a very good grade for general use and a moderate grade for professional use, according to FTTS-FA-003, exceeding the acceptable range for industrial and commercial applications of 20 dB. The composites developed in this research are good candidates to be used in various general and professional applications, such as plastic parts in household applications, electronic industry, building and construction industries, and other applications where light weight shielding materials are needed.

Influence of the extraction method on the chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) petiole fibers for the reinforcement of composite materials

For their use in polymer and composite materials engineering, and with a view to sustainable development, a great deal of work has been carried out with the aim of describing the properties of plant fibers. This work presents the effects of the extraction method on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of oil palm petiole fibers (OPPF). To this end, the FPPH to be analyzed were obtained by water retting and chemical retting with soda (5% solution). Their physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics were then studied and compared. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the existence of the main components of lignocellulosic fiber (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose). Lignin was reduced by 22.74%, hemicellulose by 27.33% and cellulose by 16.87% compared to water retting. XRD revealed a crystallinity index of 58.66% for fibers extracted with a 5% sodium solution and 58.51% for fibers extracted with water retting. Soda retting reduces density by 3%. Tensile tests revealed an average tensile strength of 156.082 MPa for water-rubbed fibers and 205.875 MPa for soda-rubbed fibers, Young’s modulus of 3.432 GPa for water-rubbed fibers and 5.346 GPa for soda-rubbed fibers. Elongation at break for FPPH extracted by water retting was 5.178% and 4.41% respectively. This shows that the extraction method affects mechanical properties (flexibility and stiffness) and should be chosen according to the desired characteristic.

Enhancing performance of hybrid carbon/glass textile-reinforced composites: Theoretical prediction and experimental characterization

Multi-scale analysis is of great interest to calculate the final response of hybrid textile-reinforced carbon/glass epoxy (TRCG) composites based on micromechanical tests and geometrical properties. A novel multi-scale model and experiments are utilized to enhance the performance of TRCG composites. Experiments are conducted on TR glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy, and 7 hybrid TRCGs. The model integrated viscoplastic-material and nonlinear-geometry properties and damage initiation-propagation mechanisms to address stress–strain curves that incline with experimental data with less than 11 % deviation. The microscopic scanning is utilized to study the fracture mechanisms and delaminated areas of specimens. The tensile curves and delaminated-area of TRCG composites are affected by the local glass/carbon mixed ratio and stacking arrangement. Alternative arrangement, H3:[G/C/G/C]S, provides better mechanical properties and a lower isotropy-mismatch effect and delaminated area compared to H1:[2G/2C]S, and H2:[2C/2G]S, and H4:[C/G/C/G]S. H5:[G/2C/G/C]S with the highest possible properties provides the lowest delaminated-area, because of bridging-glass layers to mitigate brittleness and primary failures of carbon, yet is low enough to restrict premature delamination. H6:[4G/2C/4G] and H7:[2G/2C/G]s with high isotropy-mismatch hustle premature failure and fail to deliver expected performance. The fracture mechanisms of TRCG composites are utilized to propose two 10-layer composites with alternative arrangements, which they are experimented afterwards to study the damage modes. It is concluded that H8:[G/C/G/C/G] laminate has the highest mechanical properties and energy absorption amongst TRCG composites. In which with highest integrity, the delaminated area is limited to the vicinity of fracture zone.

Utilization of textile fabric waste as reinforcement for composite materials in car body applications: A review

Materials are one of the basic elements or needs for continuing human beings’ life living and they are used for structural and nonstructural, biomedical, thermal, or other applications. In many types of materials, Composite materials are used in different sectors. The increasing need for eco-friendly, low-density, and lightweight product production prompted the development of fiber-reinforced polymer composites for usage in a variety of home items and automobile parts. The automobile manufacturing sectors have recently attempted to manufacture lighter and lighter parts. Shortly, automobiles must be lighter to meet demands for lower fuel usage and fewer CO2 emissions. On the other side that textile waste is still simply thrown into a landfill in the environment resulting in and causing pollution. So, the objective of this review was to show the ability of these waste materials used as reinforcing material for composite fabrication products like car hoods, Car bumpers, and lightweight automotive parts. also, it tries to explain the roles of lightweight materials for automotive body parts and also the reduction of wastes in the textile industry by recycling and converting them into useable products, making the environment free of pollution. This waste reduction is a current world issue.

Water Chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) Microfiber Reinforced Composite with NaOH Modification

This study aimed to obtain the physical and mechanical properties of a composite made from water chestnut microfiber and e-glass with a polyester matrix. Using water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) as reinforcement for composite materials is a good way to utilize local materials and increase the economy of local people. It would need a modified treatment to improve the mechanical properties of water chestnut fiber-reinforced composites. The water chestnut fiber was modified by treating it with 5% volume NaOH solution and continued with 5% volume H2O2 bleaching, 50% volume H2SO4 hydrolysis, and ultrasonication. Then it was washed with water and dried in the oven for 12 hours to obtain the microfiber. The size of the water chestnut microfiber obtained was about 3-9 µm. Composite was produced using the compression molding method at a pressure of 2 MPa and a temperature of 25°C. The variations in the volume fraction of the polyester composite, water chestnut microfiber, and e-glass fiber with Volume Fraction (%) were 60%:40%:0% (sample A), 60%:0%:40% (sample B), 50%:25%;25% (sample C), 60%:40%:0% (sample D) and 70%:15%:15% (sample E). The physical characterization of composites showed that the lowest composite density and water content on samples B and A were 1.22 g/cm3 and 0.59%. In contrast, the mechanical characterization of composites showed the highest MoR and MoE on samples A and C of 87.86 MPa and 10.43 Gpa, respectively. Composite made from water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) modified microfiber reinforcing material with 5% volume NaOH solution and e-glass with a polyester matrix at a volume fraction composition of 50%:25%:25% is recommended.

Tensile properties and morphological insights into chemically modified fibres of Pseudoxytenanthera bamboo species as sustainable reinforcements in composites

This study evaluated the tensile properties of fibres from Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi and P. stocksii, with reference to the more commonly used Bambusa balcooa, in order to determine their viability as reinforcements in structural composite materials. Tensile tests were conducted on individual fibres under three distinct moisture conditions: ambient conditions, desiccated (fully dry) conditions, and saturated conditions for both untreated and chemically treated fibres. The investigation focused on comparing the axial tensile modulus and ultimate strength of bamboo fibres with varying gauge lengths. Notably, fracture morphology analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed a comprehensive correlation between natural fibre characteristics and their mechanical properties. A water absorption study was also conducted on these fibres. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis was performed to assess the thermal stability of the fibres. The results indicate that Pseudoxytenanthera species exhibit promising potential for the development of high-performance, sustainable materials within the realm of composite materials. This research contributes to expanding the understanding of bamboo fibres and their suitability as reinforcements in structural composites, thus promoting advances in the field of composite material engineering.

E-waste CRT panel glass reinforced magnesium composite processed through powder metallurgy: fabrication and mechanical performance evaluation

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) panel glass with higher silica content has a potential to be used as reinforcement material in magnesium matrix composites. The present study aims to formulate a wear resistant magnesium hybrid composite by reinforcing silica rich E-waste CRT panel glass powder (0, 10 and 20 wt. %) and boron nitride (0, 2 and 4 wt. %) solid lubricant processed through powder metallurgy route. Composition of the CRT panel glass powder is identified through EDS and XRD analysis is performed for both base material and reinforcements. The developed green MMC shows increased hardness (∼53 %), porosity (∼7 %) and density (∼7 %) with respect to addition of CRT reinforcement. Porosity of hybrid composite increased vastly to 9.2 % when the CRT and BN content are increased to 20 % and 4 % respectively. A slight increment in (10 %) hardness is observed for 2 % addition of BN with Mg and Mg/CRT composite whereas hardness of the Mg and Mg/CRT MMC decreases with further addition of BN. The wear resistance of the composite enhanced with raise in CRT and BN content whereas the co efficient of friction decreases with increases in BN percentage. Corrosion behaviour of Mg is also analysed and found enhanced with reinforcement addition. It is identified from the results that the addition of CRT% up to 10 % yields significant results whereas further increase in CRT % to 20 provides only minor enhancements in properties. Further, it is suggested to restrict the addition of BN to 2 %.

Flame retardancy and fire mechanical properties for natural fiber/polymer composite: A review

The vulnerability against heat and fire for natural fibers presents a great challenge for their replacement of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are considered as potential candidates in engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Hence, suitable approaches need to be employed to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. In this review, the latest understanding of the flammability and thermal properties for natural fibers was summarized and discussed, with special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Furthermore, the latest development of flame-retardant approaches for NFCs was reviewed by covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, outlook and perspectives regarding fire-safe of NFCs were proposed, providing insight into the further development of NFCs.

FEATURES OF STRENGTHENING BUILDINGS WITH THE LATEST REINFORCING MATERIALS

A good foundation ensures the reliability and durability of the building. In the absence of a fundamental base, the building can move, crack, and even bend, which as a result leads to uneven loads on the structure and destruction, therefore, the quality of the future structure depends on the quality of reinforcement. The use of composite reinforcement to strengthen buildings during restoration after destruction is advisable due to greater tensile strength, and also makes it easier to build due to less weight of reinforcement compared to steel. Good corrosion resistance characteristics of composite reinforcement in comparison with steel extend the life of reinforced concrete products (foundations, slabs, etc.). The type, method of connection and material of reinforcement is selected for each structure separately, and the choice depends on the type of soil, slope, size of the house, number of floors. Strengthening helps to reduce the likelihood of destruction, as well as some types of reinforcement help to eliminate irregularities and cracks on the walls during finishing work. Thanks to the correctly selected material for reinforcement, it is possible to accelerate construction. Purpose. Analyze materials for building reinforcement taking into account corrosion resistance and tensile strength. Conclusion. During the study, an analysis of reinforcing materials was carried out to strengthen the foundation and walls of buildings. Reinforcement helps to build the correct architecture of the structure and strengthen important parts to prevent destruction. It was found that reinforcement of composite materials has better characteristics than similar steel. Basic advantages: corrosion resistance and better mechanical characteristics. The design stress of the composite reinforcement under 10 kN load is 509.6 MPa which is less than the permissible − 800 MPa, and at elevated temperatures of tensile experiments the mechanical properties of the composite reinforcement change.

Compressive and Shear Strength of Kevlar based Nano Composites

The Fibre Reinforced Composite (FRC) material consists of building materials in macroscopic level by having fibres and resin as reinforcement and matrix material respectively. It has different physical and chemical properties that were bonded together in order to get new material with different required characteristics from individual components. The properties of the composites are largely depending on the matrix and reinforcement materials. The matrix strengthening process by introduction of fine nano particles in composite laminate was done in this work. In order to study the effect of nano particles, the composite consists of Kevlar- 49 (K49) fibre in woven form with epoxy resin as matrix was considered. All the test specimens have been prepared with 12 layers of K49 to build 3mm thickness using vacuum bag moulding method. The K49 fibre in form of plain-woven type were chosen as reinforcement material. The nano fillers such as Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and Graphite powder (Gr) were used as nanomaterial added in the matrix and was compared with pure K49 reinforced composites for better performance. The TiO2, CaCO3 and GR nano fillers were constituted on various weight ratios in FRC. The structural properties like compression and shear strengths were determined as per ASTM standards. The fracture behaviour for all the categories of laminate has been detailed and reported using scanning electron microscope.

Mechanical Properties of Textile-Reinforced Composites with a 3D Printed Core

Abstract The article discusses the mechanical properties of glass fiber epoxy composites with three types of textile structures. Braided, knitted and woven sleeves were placed on a 3D printed flat core and impregnated with resin using the vacuum bag method. The 3-point flexural and tensile tests were performed. The results were compared with those of 3D-printed flat bars and proved that woven textile structures increase the strength and modulus of elasticity, whereas braided and knitted structures only increase the moduli. The advantages, drawbacks and failure modes of each reinforcement structure are also discussed including the drapeability on the spatial core.

Electro-mechanical behavior of self-sensing textile-reinforced composites for in situ structural health monitoring

Advanced engineering materials like glass fabric-reinforced composites (GFRC) are frequently utilized in automotive components, civil structures, aviation sectors, etc. Contrary to metals, the anisotropic nature of composites makes it difficult to forecast damage and failure under real-time loads. GFRC is employed in this work to demonstrate structural health monitoring (SHM) using a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated glass fabric piezo-resistive sensor. The sensor was embedded in the GFRC composite to detect changes in the fractional electrical resistance under flexural strain. The developed composite specimens were subjected to three-point bending to examine the piezo-resistive performance. Throughout testing, the effect of sensor width and relative positions in the thickness direction within the composite specimen on strain and damage detection was assessed. The results of the tests revealed that these parameters were responsively associated with the piezo-resistance of the developed sensor. This study concluded that the developed piezo-resistive sensor has the potential to be used as a strain and damage detection mechanism for glass fabric-reinforced composite structures for disparate applications.

Auxetic materials and structures for potential defense applications: An overview and recent developments

Auxetic behavior is a promising new area for use in defense applications. In comparison to a conventional material, an auxetic material has superior properties because of having a negative Poisson’s ratio; it gets broadened when stretched or becomes smaller when compressed. Furthermore, auxetic materials have enhanced properties such as shear resistance, indentation resistance, fracture toughness, energy absorption, and so on. These improved properties make auxetic materials very appealing and have the potential to revolutionize their applications in aerospace, sports, automotive, construction, biomedical engineering, smart sensors, packaging, cushioning, air filtration, shock absorption and sound insulation, and defense personal protective equipment. This article examines the most recent scientific advances in auxetic materials and structures, such as auxetic textiles (fibers, yarns, and fabrics), auxetic textile-reinforced composites, and auxetic foams, as well as their exceptional auxetic behavior and various approaches to achieving them. Although many potential applications have been proposed, actual applications of auxetic materials in defense are still limited. This is an in-depth review article, and its main goal is to serve as a foundation for future studies concerning the topic.