Composite Figure Research Articles

Probabilistic Determination of the Role of Faults and Intrusions in Helium‐Rich Gas Fields Formation

AbstractNatural gas fields with economic helium (>0.3 He %) require the radioactive decay of crustal uranium (U) and thorium (Th) to generate He and tectonic/structural regimes favorable to releasing and concentrating He. An unknown is determining the role of faults and structural features in focusing deep‐seated He sources on shallow accumulations. We tested the correlation between high‐He wells (n = 94) and structural features using a new high‐resolution aeromagnetic survey in the Four Corners area, USA. A depth‐to‐basement map with basement lineaments/faults, an intrusion map, and a flattened basement structural high map were created using Werner deconvolution algorithms by combining magnetic, gravity, and topography data with magnetic and gravity depth profiles. We show quantitatively (via analysis of variance) that a non‐random process controls the relationship between He (>0.3%) and both basement faults and intrusions: 88% of high‐He wells occur <1 km of basement faults; and 85% of high‐He wells occur <1 km of intrusions. As He % increases, the distance to the structural features decreases. Strong spatial/statistical correlations of He wells to both basement faults and intrusions suggest that advective transport via faults/intrusions facilitates He migration. The role of gas phase buoyancy and structural trapping is confirmed: 88% of high‐He occurs within basement structural highs, and 91% of the remaining wells are <1 km from intrusions (potential structural high). We present a composite figure to illustrate how a probabilistic approach can be used as a predictive model to improve He exploration success by targeting zones of intersection of basement faults and intrusions within basement structural highs.

Acute stress does not modulate selective attention in a composite letter task

Acute stress has been demonstrated to affect a diverse array of attentional processes, one of which is selective attention. Selective attention refers to the cognitive process of deliberately allocating attentional resources to a specific stimulus, while ignoring other, distracting stimuli. While catecholamines have been shown to narrow attention, investigations on the influence of the stress hormone cortisol have yielded ambiguous results. We conducted two separate studies utilizing different laboratory stress induction paradigms to examine if cortisol influences the ability to selectively attend to local or global elements of a visual stimulus. In Study 1, 72 healthy young men took part either in the stressful Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test (SECPT) or a non-stressful (warm water) control, before being exposed to a composite letter task (CLT). Study 2 comprised a sample of 72 healthy young men and women and made use of a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) as well as a non-stressful control version, the friendly-TSST (f-TSST). Via endocrine, physiological, and subjective markers, we confirmed a successful stress induction. As verified with Bayesian statistics, stress did not affect selective attention in neither of the two studies. Furthermore, we were able to replicate the previously demonstrated absence of global precedence for composite figures composed of letters. Our results offer novel insights into the temporal dynamics of the effects of acute stress on attentional processes. Future studies should manipulate the timing of stress induction and investigate the effects of stress on letter vs. non-letter composite figures to shed further light on the underlying mechanisms.

Hiding in John Rechy’s Closet

Abstract John Rechy is not interested in representation. Yet Rechy’s refusal to engage with identity using the terms offered to ethnic and queer writers has puzzled critics of his work. This article contends with John Rechy’s evasive novel, City of Night (1963), to reconsider Rechy’s attachment to refusal as a formal and political project that confounds any effort to portray a stable transparent minority subject. Through the novel’s rejection of disclosure and recognition, City of Night moves against forms of political stability (normative coupling, categorical identification, and property ownership) to feature ephemeral spaces in which minoritized people gather and shift around at the very moment the US state is restricting and criminalizing Mexican movement and sedimenting heteronormativity into law. By attending to evasion and refusal, I push the boundaries of Rechy criticism that have found City of Night devoid of politics or attachments to ethnic identity. Rather, I argue that the novel moves against individuation to offer ephemeral moments of entanglement with queer racialized Others through the composite form and figure of the “outsider.” Located in the unincorporated mass or crowd, City of Night’s attachment to the “outsider” thinks across difference to reveal the ways racialization underpins the policing of movement, heteronormativity, and citizenship in the mid-twentieth century. Ultimately, Rechy’s aesthetics of refusal registers the under-examined affinities between migrant, laborer, queer, and brown at the very moment the United States sought to restrict how we think about identity and politics in public.

GENERATION OF A PARAMETRIC MODEL OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT ACCORDING TO AN ELECTRONIC TECHNICAL DRAWING

The article describes an algorithm for calculating the parametric number of a three-dimensional composite geometric figure according to an electronic technical drawing, which allows to automate the process of generating an electronic parametric model of the object. This algorithm is relevant for use in geometric modeling systems that use variation (or dimensional) parameterization. The described approach allows to optimize the process of creating a parametric model of a product during interaction with the geometric modeling system and is the basis for developing an algorithm for automated model generation. When creating the parametric model of the object, the most important task is to quickly and correctly set the independent parameters responsible for the design of the designed object, therefore the development of algorithms that can replace a person in this process releases time costs for design and allows to minimize the number of non-optimal and false solutions. Thus, as a result of the combination of algorithms for recognition and analysis of geometric information on the technical drawing, the user gets the opportunity to work with the finished parametric model of the object with all its advantages. A huge advantage is the possibility of quick editing and modification by managing the final set of independent variables and the possibility of establishing mathematical ties between these variables. In this regard, the work of the designer goes to a new level, allowing him to allocate time and intellectual resources more rationally and efficiently. In the article, the main task of the study is to highlight the elements of the structure and their connections from the technical drawing, since the process of calculating the parametric number of the modeled composite figure is based on the identification and summation of the parametric numbers of non-derivative and composite figures that make up the structure of the general figure.

Virginia Penny's Economic Horizons: Fact and Futurity in Nineteenth-Century Women's Encyclopedic Writing

Abstract: In the years prior to the Civil War, the reformer Virginia Penny travelled across the United States with the aim of identifying and recording the growing number of occupations available to women. She documented her findings in her 1863 book The Employments of Women' A Cyclopaedia of Woman's Work . Women's history and labor studies scholars for over a century mined the text for facts about nineteenth-century economic life, and the achievements of working-class and feminist historiography represent Penny's legacy. This essay argues, however, that an overreliance on historical and social scientific methods of analysis has limited our understanding of the formal, linguistic, affective, and idealistic dimensions of Penny's writing, as well as of the importance of her enterprise to readers across the second half of the nineteenth century. By reading Penny's Employments of Women as a work of literature, the essay demonstrates that the text constructs a female encyclopedic subject, a composite figure that bid nineteenth-century female readers to imagine themselves into a new economic position and inspired creative forms of feminist activism.

Homage to Henri Dutilleux

"Henri Dutilleux was one of the prominent figures of European composition, especially in the second half of the 20th century. A complex personality, he worked throughout his career as a musician in various roles, from pianist, to accompanist, to conductor, to pedagogue, to composer, being one of the main promoters of French culture and beyond. He received numerous awards and recognitions for his entire activity, his reputation not only surpassing the borders of the country, but also the European ones. Although he began composing at a very young age, Dutilleux repeatedly omits to include these works in his catalogue, refusing even to mention them in the section of his interpreted works. Meticulous and extremely pedantic, he always made changes to his works, constantly crystallizing his style both throughout the varied musical experiences in which the musician took part and through the close collaborations he had with instrumental artists whom he consulted regarding timbral possibilities and techniques of the instruments he was writing for. His compositions, although not very numerous, encompass a genuistically vast variety, and an exhaustive stylistic approach. Although he always embraces new compositional techniques, Dutilleux never reaches a rational extremism, keeping in the foreground the idea of meaningful music, and not the other way around. He died on 22nd of May 2013, in Paris, at the age of 97. Keywords: Henri Dutilleux, French composer, 20th century"

Making confident and competent readers of Cell, Nature and Science papers using a flipped classroom approach to introduce protein detection techniques

IntroductionIt is beneficial for all biomedical track courses to train students early in their educational career in reading biomedical literature. A shortcoming of many biomed track courses during undergraduate education is that laboratory techniques necessary for fully understanding further reading of biomedical articles are not part of courses early in the curriculum. To bridge this gap, an educational investment is needed that will create confident and competent readers of scientific biomedical literature. All consecutive courses in the biomedical track may benefit from such an investment. Probably, the nescience of techniques needed for protein detection, which are part of virtually all composite figures in cell biological articles, forms the basis of such a gap. Activating forms of education were shown to be effective and are increasingly implemented in higher education.MethodsHere, the implementation of a flipped classroom approach for explaining ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting and flow cytometry as four common basic protein detection methods is described. The successfulness of the educational approach was assessed in the exam, where a comparison was made between the experts’ and receivers’ grades. Students gave feedback on whether this method made them more confident and competent readers of biomedical literature.ResultsExperts on the four techniques were successful in conveying their field of expertise since exam performances on the specific techniques were equally good between experts and receivers. The flipped classroom activity made students more confident (65% agreed vs. 18% disagreed) and more competent (79% agreed vs. 12% disagreed).ConclusionA simple and time-efficient intervention early in their educational career, using a flipped classroom approach has resulted in self-reported confident and competent readers of scientific cell biological literature.

A Predynastic Egyptian Fish–Antelope Composite Figure

This article describes and analyses a zoomorphic siltstone palette housed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (MMA 10.176.84). The palette is first situated within the wider corpus of zoomorphic palettes from the Naqada II Period. Considerations of form and design accompanying the development of palettes during Naqada I/II, and comparisons with visually similar forms attested on knife handles and other palettes, suggest that MMA 10.176.84 may represent a fish–antelope composite figure, ‘antelope’ here being broadly defined as a non-domesticated, horned quadruped of the Bovidae family. It is the first example of a palette modelled as such. The social functions of palettes in Predynastic southern Egypt are then outlined in order to consider the significance of modelling a palette in this way, as well as to explore implications of the palette’s form for understandings of cultural developments in the late Predynastic Period.

A review of the behaviours of the Chondrichthyes: a multi-species ethogram for the chimaeras, sharks, and rays

Abstract In this review of the behavioural patterns of chondrichthyan fishes, we have strived to produce a comprehensive catalogue of events and states and develop standardized terminology. Hence, actions that are slightly different, will be pooled under inclusive titles. Those used by different investigators are included in quotations within the textual descriptions of the motor patterns. This standardized ethogram will ideally lead to an increase in inter-observer reliability, giving researchers more confidence when reading colleagues’ papers that report behaviours that appear similar to theirs despite being described for different species. The descriptions are presented under the following categories: (1) maintenance (2) courtship (3) filter feeding (4) scavenging (5) predation (6) sociality (7) aggression and (8) defence. The many actions are illustrated by line drawings and photographs in composite figures with an attempt to provide an example of each action for a chimaera, shark, and ray. The diversity of patterns is evident from this ethogram, consistent with observation that the brain-to-body mass ratios of cartilaginous fishes are greater than a third of the bird species and greater than those for some mammalian species. The major impetus for assembling this ethogram is to demonstrate the diversity of behaviours exhibited by members of the Chondrichthyes and to dispel the apocryphal belief that members of this taxon are ‘simple feeding machines’.

Methodological Aspects of the Group Analysis of Organic Substances

Samples of complex composition usually contain similar organic compounds, molecules of which differ in the composition and structure but are characterized by common features (structural, functional, chemical analytical, etc.), uncharacteristic for other compounds. summary concentration of similar compounds are figures of the group composition of a studied sample. Procedures for their determination are widely used in analytical control and research laboratories. A special type of chemical analysis, group analysis (GA) was developed by the end of the 20th century. Structural group analysis (SGA) is considered an important special case of GA. Unfortunately, the methodological and metrological aspects of GA and SGA have been studied insufficiently. A conventional system of terms in this field also has not been developed. This paper considers the system of terms and the history GA, principles of group formation, and methods of the assessment of summary concentration. The unresolved problems of GA are emphasized. These are the uncertainty of the qualitative composition of groups, hindering the interpretation of the results of group analysis, and also intragroup selectivity and nonadditivity of the analytical signals. Possible solutions of these problems are considered.

Discriminative Method for Crack Detection Signals in Balanced-Field Electromagnetic Technique Based on Amplitude-Phase Composite Figure.

The balanced-field electromagnetic technique is an effective in-line inspection method for pipeline cracks. To address the problem that the interference signal generated by the tilt jitter of the sensor during the detection process affects the judgment of cracks, this paper proposes a method to differentiate the crack detection signal from the sensor jitter signal by using an amplitude-phase composite figure. The generation principle of the detection signal was analyzed by using the mutual inductance model, and the amplitude-phase composite figure was constructed by using the components of the detection signal after quadrature demodulation. The feasibility of using the phase as a signal discrimination feature was illustrated by finite element simulations, and the characteristics of the amplitude-phase composite figure were determined. The validity of the proposed method was verified experimentally. The results show that the crack detection signal and the signal generated by the sensor jitter are of the same frequency with similar waveforms and significantly different phases. The phase base value of the crack detection signal ranges from 35° to 55°, and the phase base value of the jitter signal is −4°. In terms of the characteristics of the amplitude-phase composite figure, the crack detection signal distribution is symmetrical about the origin in the first and third quadrants, and the axial crack is closer to the Y-axis than the circumferential crack; the jitter signal is distributed in the second and fourth quadrants and has a very small angle to the X-axis. In addition, the proposed method effectively weakens the observation of the phase noise region in the detection signal of the balanced-field electromagnetic technique.

Simon the Composite Sorcerer

AbstractSimon Magus is a key figure in the earliest apocryphal Acts of Peter. He is a sorcerer and confidant of the emperor who clashes with Peter and, in later apocryphal texts, with both Peter and Paul. However, this is not simply the villain of the Acts of the Apostles. In this article I will argue that the apocryphal Simon is a composite figure drawn substantially, but not necessarily wholly, from the Simon of Acts 8 and the Elymas/Bar-Jesus figure who opposes Paul in Acts 13.

COMPOSITE HUMAN‐ANIMAL FIGURES IN EARLY URBAN NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA: SHAMANS OR IMAGES OF RESISTANCE?

SummaryUrban growth in northern Mesopotamia in the early fourth millennium BC was accompanied by an increase in clay container sealings, reflecting the intensified movement and management of resources and manufactured items. The diverse imagery impressed into these sealings includes a human‐ibex grasping a pair of snakes, a bird‐human, and other composite figures. The human‐ibex in particular has been identified as a ‘shaman’, but this is not an appropriate term. The early fourth millennium BC was a period of enormous social and economic upheaval generated by the growth of cities and institutions. Composite figures may have expressed resistance to increasingly structured lived experiences, acknowledging the paradoxes of urban living and affirming the continued presence of the unexplainable.

Focus on the Protein Fraction of Sports Nutrition Supplements.

Increasing awareness of balanced diet benefits is boosting the demand for high-protein food and beverages. Sports supplements are often preferred over traditional protein sources to meet the appropriate dietary intake since they are widely available on the market as stable ready-to-eat products. However, the protein components may vary depending on both sources and processing conditions. The protein fraction of five commercial sports supplements was characterized and compared with that of typical industrial ingredients, i.e., whey protein concentrates and isolates and whey powder. The capillary electrophoresis profiles and the amino acid patterns indicated that, in some cases, the protein was extensively glycosylated and the supplemented amino acids did not correspond to those declared on the label by manufacturers. The evaluation by confocal laser scanning microscopy evidenced the presence of large aggregates mainly enforced by covalent crosslinks. The obtained findings suggest that, beside composition figures, provisions regarding sports supplements should also consider quality aspects, and mandatory batch testing of these products would provide more reliable information to sport dieticians.

BioInfograph: An Online Tool to Design and Display Multi-Panel Scientific Figure Interactively

Many fit-for-purpose bioinformatics tools generate plots to interpret complex biological data and illustrate findings. However, assembling individual plots in different formats from various sources into one high-resolution figure in the desired layout requires mastery of commercial tools or even programming skills. In addition, it is a time-consuming and sometimes frustrating process even for a computationally savvy scientist who frequently takes a trial-and-error iterative approach to get satisfactory results. To address the challenge, we developed bioInfograph, a web-based tool that allows users to interactively arrange high-resolution images in diversified formats, mainly Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), to produce one multi-panel publication-quality composite figure in both PDF and HTML formats in a user-friendly manner, requiring no programming skills. It solves stylesheet conflicts of coexisting SVG plots, integrates a rich-text editor, and allows creative design by providing advanced functionalities like image transparency, controlled vertical stacking of plots, versatile image formats, and layout templates. To highlight, the sharable interactive HTML output with zoom-in function is a unique feature not seen in any other similar tools. In the end, we make the online tool publicly available at https://baohongz.github.io/bioInfograph while releasing the source code at https://github.com/baohongz/bioInfograph under MIT open-source license.

Optimization Algorithm Design of Laser Marking Contour Extraction and Graphics Hatching Based on Image Processing Technology

On the premise of solving the problem in a specific situation, this paper aims at the laser marking machine for the design and optimization of the outline extraction of the two-dimensional composite curve figure and the figure hatching scheme. The scanning line algorithm based on computer graphics and the polygon hatching are based on the algorithm theory. Based on the foundation, an improved polygon scan line algorithm model is established, and the contour extraction and graphic shadows of two-dimensional polygons are realized by MATLAB programming. The simulation results show that our algorithm model can meet our requirements well, and at the same time has a certain improvement effect. At the same time, compared with traditional two-dimensional polygon scanning and hatching algorithms, our algorithm model has strong analysis and processing capabilities and strong applicability. Compared with traditional two-dimensional polygon scanning and shading algorithms, model analysis can still run stably in a high refresh rate environment. We hope to further optimize the algorithm in the later stage, so that it can be better used in related engineering fields.

Image Quality and Dose Comparison of 3 Mobile Intraoperative Three-Dimensional Imaging Systems in Spine Surgery

To evaluate radiation exposure and image quality (IQ) for 3 intraoperative imaging systems (Airo TruCT, Cios Spin, O-arm) using varying radiation dose settings in a single cadaveric model. Axial images of L4-5 instrumentation were obtained using 3 manufacturer dose protocols for each system. Measurements included scattered radiation dose, subjective and objective IQ, and estimates of patient effective dose (ED). Four images per system were selected at each dose level. Using the Likert scale (1= best, 5= worst), 9 reviewers rated the same 36 images. Objective IQ measures included the degree of streak artifacts (lines with incorrect data from metal objects) in each image. A composite figure of merit was derived based on ED and subjective and objective scores. The best subjective IQ scores were 1.44 (Cios Spin medium dose), 1.78 (Cios Spin high dose) and 2.22 (Airo TruCT low dose). The best objective IQ scores were 87.3 (Airo TruCT) and 89.1 (Cios Spin). ED low-dose results in mSv included 1.6 (Airo TruCT), 1.9 (Cios Spin), and 3.3 (O-arm). ED high-dose results in mSv included 4.6 (Cios Spin), 9.7 (Airo TruCT), and 9.9 (O-arm). Scatter radiation measurements for low dose in μGy included 21.9 (Cios Spin), 31.8 (Airo TruCT), and 33.9 (O-arm). Scatter radiation for high dose in μGy included 55.9 (Cios Spin), 104.5 (O-arm), and 200 (Airo TruCT). The best figure of merit score was for the Airo TruCT low dose, followed by Cios Spin medium dose and high dose. Selection of intraoperative imaging systems requires a greater understanding of the risks and benefits of radiation exposure and IQ.

How weather events modify aerosol particle size distributions in the Amazon boundary layer

Abstract. This study evaluates the effect of weather events on the aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO). This research combines in situ measurements of PSD and remote sensing data of lightning density, brightness temperature, cloud top height, cloud liquid water, and rain rate and vertical velocity. Measurements were obtained by scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPSs), the new generation of GOES satellites (GOES-16), the SIPAM S-band radar and the LAP 3000 radar wind profiler recently installed at the ATTO-Campina site. The combined data allow exploring changes in PSD due to different meteorological processes. The average diurnal cycle shows a higher abundance of ultrafine particles (NUFP) in the early morning, which is coupled with relatively lower concentrations in Aitken (NAIT) and accumulation (NACC) mode particles. From the early morning to the middle of the afternoon, an inverse behavior is observed, where NUFP decreases and NAIT and NACC increase, reflecting a typical particle growth process. Composite figures show an increase of NUFP before, during and after lightning was detected by the satellite above ATTO. These findings strongly indicate a close relationship between vertical transport and deep convective clouds. Lightning density is connected to a large increase in NUFP, beginning approximately 100 min before the maximum lightning density and reaching peak values around 200 min later. In addition, the removal of NACC by convective transport was found. Both the increase in NUFP and the decrease in NACC appear in parallel with the increasing intensity of lightning activity. The NUFP increases exponentially with the thunderstorm intensity. In contrast, NAIT and NACC show a different behavior, decreasing from approximately 100 min before the maximum lightning activity and reaching a minimum at the time of maximum lightning activity. The effect of cloud top height, cloud liquid water and rain rate shows the same behavior, but with different patterns between seasons. The convective processes do not occur continually but are probably modulated by gravity waves in the range of 1 to 5 h, creating a complex mechanism of interaction with a succession of updrafts and downdrafts, clouds, and clear-sky situations. The radar wind profiler measured the vertical distribution of the vertical velocity. These profiles show that downdrafts are mainly located below 10 km, while aircraft observations during the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign had shown maximum concentrations of ultrafine particles mainly above 10 km. Our study opens new scientific questions to be evaluated in order to understand the intricate physical and chemical mechanisms involved in the production of new particles in Amazonia.

“Where Shall We Place Our Hope?”: COVID-19 and the Imperiled National Body in South Africa's “Lockdown Collection”

“Where Shall We Place Our Hope?”: COVID-19 and the Imperiled National Body in South Africa's “Lockdown Collection”

Application of Heuristic Modeling in the Development of an Algorithm for Generating a Binary Tree of an Object According to a Technical Drawing

This article presents the problem of developing an algorithm for automated reading of a drawing of an object, consisting of three types with the necessary cuts. According to the drawing, a partition of the object into nonderivative figures should be obtained and boolean operations should be identified, with the help of which the final composite figure will be constructed from non-derivative figures. Thus, in the process of solving this problem, a socalled binary tree of the modeled composite figure will be generated. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account the multiplicativity of the solution to this problem and the possibility of choosing optimal solutions. This paper poses a specific problem, in which non-derivative figures can be got using four formbuilding operations available in the arsenal of tools for getting three-dimensional elements in the Compass 3D geometric modeling system, namely, such operations as "extrusion", "rotation", "along the trajectory" and "cross-sections".