Composite Face Research Articles

Target Detection Algorithm in Crime Recognition Using Artificial Intelligence

Presently, suspect prediction of crime scenes can be considered as a classification task, which predicts the suspects based on the time, space, and type of crime. Performing digital forensic investigation in a big data environment poses several challenges to the investigational officer. Besides, the facial sketches are widely employed by the law enforcement agencies for assisting the suspect identification of suspects involved in crime scenes. The sketches utilized in the forensic investigations are either drawn by forensic artists or generated through the computer program (composite sketches) based on the verbal explanation given by the eyewitness or victim. Since this suspect identification process is slow and difficult, it is required to design a technique for a quick and automated facial sketch generation. Machine Learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models find it useful to automatically support the decision of forensics experts. The challenge is the incorporation of the domain expert knowledge with DL models for developing efficient techniques to make better decisions. In this view, this study develops a new artificial intelligence (AI) based DL model with face sketch synthesis (FSS) for suspect identification (DLFSS-SI) in a big data environment. The proposed method performs preprocessing at the primary stage to improvise the image quality. In addition, the proposed model uses a DL based MobileNet (MN) model for feature extractor, and the hyper parameters of the MobileNet are tuned by quasi oppositional firefly optimization (QOFFO) algorithm. The proposed model automatically draws the sketches of the input facial images. Moreover, a qualitative similarity assessment takes place with the sketch drawn by a professional artist by the eyewitness. If there is a higher resemblance between the two sketches, the suspect will be determined. To validate the effective performance of the DLFSS-SI method, a detailed qualitative and quantitative examination takes place. The experimental outcome stated that the DLFSS-SI model has outperformed the compared methods in terms of mean square error (MSE), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), average actuary, and average computation time.

More Than Just a Pretty Face: Determining the Effects of Priming and Composite Faces on Perceived Attractiveness

More Than Just a Pretty Face: Determining the Effects of Priming and Composite Faces on Perceived Attractiveness

Forensic Sketch Reconnaissance Using Deep Learning

Contemporary society is passing an increase in ordinary crime. To fight this, law enforcement agencies must accelerate the entire process and find a way to impeach culprits against justice. One similar system could be using facial recognition technology to identify and corroborate culprits. Conventionally, forensic artists use hand- drawn sketches to identify culprits and contemporizing this system requires relating culprits by comparing the sketches to law-enforcement databases. Taking this approach will pose a number of limitations to the current technology, as there are fairly many felonious artists available compared to the growing number of crimes. Our idea is to speed up the process for law enforcement departments by creating a standalone platform that can be used to directly sketch a suspect without backing from a forensic sketch artist and with no special training or cultural chops. Sketches can be created with drag-and- drop in operations with colorful facial rudiments, and synthetic face sketches drawn using deep literacy and pall structure can be automatically counterplotted to law-enforcement databases much briskly and more efficiently.

Drawing police composite sketch

Drawing police composite sketch

УТОЧНЕННЫЕ УРАВНЕНИЯ И ФОРМЫ ПОТЕРИ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ПРИ ЧЕТЫРЕХТОЧЕЧНОМ ИЗГИБЕ ТРЕХСЛОЙНОГО ТЕСТ-ОБРАЗЦА С КОМПОЗИТНЫМИ НЕСУЩИМИ СЛОЯМИ И ТРАНСВЕРСАЛЬНО-МЯГКИМ ЗАПОЛНИТЕЛЕМ

УТОЧНЕННЫЕ УРАВНЕНИЯ И ФОРМЫ ПОТЕРИ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ПРИ ЧЕТЫРЕХТОЧЕЧНОМ ИЗГИБЕ ТРЕХСЛОЙНОГО ТЕСТ-ОБРАЗЦА С КОМПОЗИТНЫМИ НЕСУЩИМИ СЛОЯМИ И ТРАНСВЕРСАЛЬНО-МЯГКИМ ЗАПОЛНИТЕЛЕМ

Forced vibration characteristics of sandwich panel with GRPC faces and titanium core under thermal environment

In this paper forced vibration characteristics of a graphene reinforced polymer composite face sheet sandwich panel with a homogeneous core exposed to non-uniform temperature variation is studied. Carbon based materials are highly used in aerospace applications. Further these materials are exposed to different environmental conditions which alters it dynamic characteristics. So, in this paper thermal buckling and forced vibration behavior are studied for different grading patterns, temperature dependent properties and non uniform temperature variation. Here, uniform temperature profile, decreasing temperature profile - heating at one edge, decreasing and increasing temperature profile - heating at two edges, increasing and decreasing temperature profile - heating at middle and camel hump temperature - heating at Centre location of the panels are considered. From the results, it is observed that the temperature distribution at 95% of buckling temperature has reduced the natural frequencies significantly and in the forced vibration response, the sandwich panel in this condition shifts its response curve to the left irrespective of the grading pattern. Further, it is noticed that the velocity response curve of FG-X grading pattern has shifted more compare to UD and FG-O grading pattern.

Free vibration response of graphene reinforced polymer composite face sheet sandwich panel under thermal environment

The present work shows the numerical analysis to study the free vibration characteristics of a sandwich panel in which graphene reinforced polymer composite is used as the face sheet and titanium as a homogeneous core exposed to non-uniform temperature variation. As these sandwich panels are exposed to different environmental conditions during their service, the vibration resposne of sandwich panel under thermal environment is studied. The finite element approach is utilized to study the influence of different graphene grading patterns, temperature-dependent properties, and non-uniform temperature variation on the buckling and dynamic behavior of the sandwich panel. The temperature-dependent material property of the non-linear type is considered. The temperature distribution at 95 % of buckling temperature affects the dynamic behavior significantly regardless of the graphene grading patterns. The uniform temperature field and the model heated in the middle of the panel influences vibrational behavior efficiently compared to the camel hump temperature field and heated at an edge of the plate. Further FG-X has higher natural frequencies compared to FG-UD and FG-O grading patterns. Several other obtained responses are discussed in this paper.

Enhancement of mechanical properties of sandwich composites

Sandwich composites face an issue of interfacial debonding between the face sheet and the core, which has narrowed their usability in various engineering branches. To prevent failure of the material, tests like flexure test and Charpy test are conducted to find their flexural strength and toughness. Using ArmaPET™ Struct GR70 foam as core and Basalt fiber(Bi-directional) as face material, three specimens(one without grooves, second one with T-grooves and one with dovetail grooves) were fabricated using Vacuum Infusion process. Flexural testing and Charpy impact test is then conducted and results are compared. The results show that for T-groove the flexural strength and toughness increased by 125% and 100% respectively and for the dovetail groove the flexural strength decreased by 11% but the toughness increased by 100%.

Effect of shape and obliquity of projectiles on the ballistic response of sandwich structures with carbon/epoxy face sheet subjected to low-velocity impact

Low-velocity ballistic analysis of sandwich structures having carbon/epoxy plate and 5083- H116 aluminium alloy as face sheet and honeycomb core respectively was conducted. Effect of obliquity and shape of the projectile on the ballistic parameters such as stress build-up and the displacement of the sandwich, variation in the velocity of the projectile during the impact and the strain energy accumulation of the whole system was studied. The effect of the shape and obliquity of the projectile impacting a sandwich structure is the central theme of the article. A sharp projectile striking the sandwich panel perpendicular develops a large stress build-up on the sandwich structure. However, like the obliquity and shape of the projectile changed the stress build-up showed a very uneven pattern. The importance of the effective area of the projectile in contact with the sandwich panel plays a more important role than the profile of the projectile. The high strength and stiffness of the carbon/epoxy composite face sheet, caused the projectiles to recoil for all the obliquity and shapes projectile. An important observation was made, whrevealedlled that the displacement of the neighbouring elements has an appreciable effect on the displacement of the impacting point. The neighbourhood undulation resulted in the non-zero displacement of the impact point starting from the beginning of the impact analysis. Carbon/epoxy composite showed a good strain energy absorption capacity before failure..Experimental validation of the numerical finding will be available to the reader in a short time.

A Decision-Making Tool for Creating and Identifying Face Sketches

A criminal can be quickly identified and prosecuted using a face sketch based on an eyewitness description . Several applications for converting hand-drawn face drawings and using them to automatically identify and recognize the suspect from the police database have been proposed in the past, but the existing system dealt with some drawbacks. It featured a lot of flaws, including as a limited facial features kit and a cartoonish feel to the constructed suspect face, which made it much more difficult to use these apps and acquire the results and efficiency that were required. In this paper, we present a stand- alone tool that allows users to create composite face sketches of suspects without the need for forensic artists. The application offers a drag-and-drop feature that can match the produced composite facial sketch with the criminal database in real time. This can be done considerably more rapidly and efficiently using deep learning and cloud infrastructure.

From Unparalleled “Greatness” to Predictable Insularity. A Composite Sketch of “Warped Britishness” as Drawn in Selected Works of Contemporary English Fiction

Brexit, as seen from the present perspective, is seemingly a success story. Taking into account a myriad of voices expressed in the public domain over the past few years, it is legitimate to make a cautious claim that some of the expectations people shared before/during the referendum have been inflated and deflated in the post-plebiscite reality. In 2016, across the majority that voted for the divorce, a growing consensus on the soundness and solidity of pro-Leave arguments about Britain being in crisis was seen. The proponents of change had endorsed the policy of restoring a sense of national dignity. That mode of reasoning, though still present within current “British” mindsets, has been confronted with the “unplanned” turbulence of national (re) adjustment. The whole process of bidding farewell to the European Union has led to sentiments of uncertainty/anxiety/regret, rather than to the anticipated sense of satisfaction/relief. Therefore, it seems both vital and interesting to juxtapose the passion about restoring people’s trust in Britishness/Englishness, and its “exceptionality” with more sobering projections of a new post-Brexit world. In order to discuss the consequences of this self-inflicted condition, I will here elaborate on selected English literary texts. They feature authors who draw conclusions running parallel to Anderson’s assumptions that in times of crisis a general predilection for self-deluding (re)constructions of collective identity can be observed, which are variously expressed in a merely referential, subversive or satirical manner.

Synergistic effects of halloysite nanotubes with metal and phosphorus additives on the optimal design of eco-friendly sandwich panels with maximum flame resistance and minimum weight

Abstract The present work addresses the optimal design of sandwich panels made of flax fabric (FF)/vinyl ester (VE) composite face sheets and honeycomb VE core. The sandwich structures are first optimized in terms of flammability by obtaining the best combination of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), halloysite nanotube (HNT), and magnesium hydroxide (MH) as three flame retardants (FRs). Using the Taguchi method and horizontal burning test, it is shown that [6, 3, and 3%] and [1, 0.5, and 0%] are the optimal combinations of APP, HNT, and MH for the face sheets and core, respectively. Cone calorimeter test results indicate that the optimal FR combinations significantly decrease the mass lost rate (MLR), heat rate release (HRR), total smoke release (TSR), and maximum average release heat emission (MARHE). The FR sandwich structures are then geometrically optimized under compressive loads based on their weight. Different failure modes are considered as the design constraints of the optimization problem. Imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), as a powerful meta-heuristic algorithm, is implemented to considerably reduce the computational cost of the optimization process. The results of this study show that proper combinations of FR additives can increase the flame retardancy while decreasing the weight of sandwich panels.

EVALUATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION SHIELDING CHARACTERISTICS OF FACING BUILDING VATERIALS

The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the protective properties of composite facing materials based on a dielectric matrix with an electrically conductive non-magnetic filler in a wide frequency range of incident electromagnetic radiation. Expressions are got for the values of the transmission, reflection and absorption, and the electromagnetic radiation shielding efficiency calculated on their basis. The dependences of the permittivity and electrical conductivity of the composite on the volume fraction of the electrically conductive additive required for calculations were got based on the hypothesis of similarity, considering the nonzero conductivity of the dielectric matrix. Satisfactory agreement between the calculation results and the measured shielding characteristics of specimens of metal silicate materials based on calcium hydro silicates and copper powder was established. The results presented show the adequacy of the proposed calculation method and indicate that it can be used for preliminary estimates of the shielding characteristics when designing electromagnetic radiation shields based on composite facing materials.

Fabrication of aluminum honeycomb cored carbon fabric/epoxy composite sandwich structures via vacuum assisted resin infusion technique

AbstractA detailed step‐by‐step fabrication procedural document of thin‐walled aluminum honeycomb sandwich composite structures, panels, and specimens using vacuum assisted resin infusion process was delivered in this paper. By and large, honeycomb sandwich structures are made by keeping the honeycomb core in between two face sheets, which are glued with the help of adhesives. In the present fabrication process, aluminum honeycomb core was glued in between the carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composite face sheets through vacuum assisted resin infusion technique. The present paper is aimed at fabricating two configurations of honeycomb sandwich composite panels namely, without considering any filler material inside the honeycomb cell, with considering the filler material inside the honeycomb cell. Plastic pellets made up of poly carbonate were considered as filler material for stiffening the aluminum honeycomb sandwich composite panels.

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF ANGLE, LENGTH AND BRIM HEIGHT OF THE DIFFUSER FOR THE SMALL DIFFUSER AUGMENTED WIND TURBIN

This paper presents the performance of the diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) with the various diffuser shapes using the numerical investigations. DAWT is also a type of wind turbine and the diffuser shapes, the nozzle shapes and the cylindrical shapes are commonly inserted around the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) to become the more efficient wind turbine. The aim of this study is to find the more efficient design of the diffuser for the horizontal axis wind turbine using the numerical investigations. In this research, the converging and diverging diffuser shape is inserted and the airfoil design is calculated by using the Blade Elementary Momentum Theory. The airfoil type NACA 4412 is chosen because it is suitable for the low wind speed area and easy to produce. The turbulent model k-ω is combined with the Navier Stoke equation to solve the 3-dimensional steady flow simulation of the diffuser augmented wind turbine using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The numerical investigation is used to compare and predict the power coefficient of the DAWT with various shapes. The baseline design of the diffuser (L = 170 mm, H = 57 mm and α = 11̊) is firstly investigated. To predict the power coefficient of the various diffuser shapes, the range of the length of the diffuser is (L/D = 0.5 to 1.5), the range of the brim height of the diffuser (H/D = 0.1 to 0.35) and the range of the angle of the diffuser (α = 5̊ to 15̊ ) are also investigated. The parameters of the diffuser shapes are assigned by using the Central Composite Design Face Centered Method. The response surface method is also used to predict the most efficient diffuser design. The performance of the horizontal axis wind turbine, that of the diffuser augmented wind turbine and that of the diffuser augmented wind turbine with various shapes of diffuser are compared. The performance of new diffuser augmented wind turbine (IND_009) is 50% and 55% higher than the baseline diffuser augmented wind turbine and the horizontal axis wind turbine at rated velocity. The flow visualization of the HAWT, DAWTs are also discussed.

The Composite Face Effect Between Young and Older Chinese Adults Remains Stable.

Holistic face perception is often considered to be a cornerstone of face processing. However, the development of the ability to holistically perceive faces in East Asian individuals is unclear. Therefore, we measured and compared holistic face processing in groups of Chinese children, young adults, and older adults by employing the complete composite face paradigm. The results demonstrate a similar magnitude of the composite effect in all three groups although face recognition performance in the task was better in young adults than in the two other groups. These findings suggest that holistic face perception in Eastern individuals is stable from late childhood to at least age 60, whereas face memory may be subject to later development and earlier decline.

Two-dimensional low-velocity impact analysis of curved sandwich beams with FG-CNTRC face sheets and porous core

The dynamic responses of curved sandwich beams with functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) face sheets and porous core subjected to a low velocity impactor is studied. In order to accurately simulate the dynamic behavior of the sandwich curved beams, a layerwise-finite element approach based on the two-dimensional elasticity theory is employed. The contact force is estimated based on the modified Hertz law. Equivalent mechanical properties of the FG-CNTRC face sheets are determined using a refined rule of mixture approach. After validating the approach, some parametric studies are carried out to examine the influences of carbon nanotube distribution patterns, impactor velocity, the curved beam opening angle, length-to-thickness ratio and core-to-face sheet thickness ratio on the responses of the sandwich curved beams under investigation.

Damping and instability characteristics of uniform and non-uniform composite multifunctional semi-active sandwich structures under rotating environment

In the present study, vibration and instability characteristics of the rotating carbon nanotubes (CNT) reinforced magnetorheological (MR) elastomer embedded sandwich composite plate with uniform and non-uniform composite face sheets under in-plane loading have been investigated numerically using finite element (FE) method. The efficacy of the FE method by deriving the governing equations using higher order theory is verified by comparing the natural frequencies assessed using experimental studies on the MR elastomer and CNT reinforced MR elastomer sandwich composite structures under different rotational speeds. This research also predicts the effects of CNT and magnetic fields on material damping, as well as rotating effects on structural damping due to geometrical non-linearity, in terms of natural frequencies and their corresponding modal loss factors of uniform and non-uniform multifunctional smart sandwich composite plates. Further, the instability regions of the uniform and non-uniform multifunctional smart sandwich plates under in-plane periodic load are analysed with the influence of various rotating speeds and magnetic field intensities. Therefore, it could be concluded that the CNT reinforcement on the MR elastomer layer significantly improves the stiffness, damping and reduces the instability regions of spectra of the rotating uniform and non-uniform multifunctional smart sandwich composite plates.

Fabrication, characterization and mechanical testing of carbon fiber sandwich composites with nanoparticle included polyurethane adhesives

In honeycomb core and composite face sheet sandwich panels, it is essential to understand the bonding characteristics of adhesive in relevance with its properties to observe synergistic effects of reinforcing nanoparticles such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This study investigates the effects of MWCNT inclusion on polyurethane (PU) adhesive, which directly affects sandwich structures' structural and mechanical performance. MWCNTs are added to PU adhesive up to 0.2%, and their RAMAN spectroscopic analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo-gravimetric analyses (TGA) and differential-scanning calorimetry analyses (DSC) are evaluated. Aluminum honeycomb carbon-fiber-reinforced composite (CFRC) sandwich panels are fabricated using an out-of-autoclave manufacturing process. Carbon-fiber prepreg is used for top/bottom face sheets. Mechanical strength of face/core bonding evaluated as a function of MWCNT addition and core cell sizes. Manufactured sandwich composite structures are investigated for flat-wise tensile strength and three-point bending strength. Results show that MWCNT reinforcement to PU adhesive and lower cell size increases bending and flat-wise tensile resistances.

Impact analysis of spiral cellular structured hybrid sandwiched panel using ANSYS explicit dynamics

Energy absorbing capabilities of a metallic hybrid sandwiched composite measuring 80 mm × 80 mm × 15 mm, consisting of cellular spiral structured core, subjected to impact loads is investigated using ANSYS explicit dynamics. The composite face sheet is made of Epoxy S-glass, the core is made of high-density Polyethylene (HDPE) and the metallic face sheet is made of AL-6061 T6. The sandwiched metallic hybrid composite is penetrated using a spherical indenter of 15 mm diameter whose impact velocity ranges from 75 m/s to 250 m/s. The energy absorption rate and percentage energy are determined at different time intervals ranging from 100 µs to 250 µs. The influence of the variation of the cell thickness and face sheet thickness is also studied. The percentage energy absorption and rate of energy absorption is determined and compared at different velocities.