Components Of Trust Research Articles

Investigating Social Capital Among COVID-19 Patients: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The global COVID-19 outbreak has posed significant challenges to public health. Social capital has emerged as a crucial social factor in mitigating the effects of COVID-19. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the social capital levels of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and compare these levels between inpatient and outpatient cases. Methods: In 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted at Ganjavaian Hospital in Dezful city, Iran, involving 428 COVID-19 patients. The participants were selected through a stratified random sampling method and divided into two groups: Inpatients and outpatients. Data were collected using a standardized social capital instrument, along with demographic information on variables such as age, gender, education level, marital status, and the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Results: Among the COVID-19 patients, the social capital components of individual trust, cohesion/social support, and social trust/associative relations were measured at 3.24 ± 0.25, 3.15 ± 0.28, and 2.49 ± 0.41, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between patient status and age (OR = 1.47, CI 95%: 1.21 - 1.80), education level (OR = 2.64, CI 95%: 1.50 - 4.71), individual trust (OR = 3.40, CI 95%: 1.55 - 7.47), and cohesion/social support (OR = 3.03, CI 95%: 1.49 - 6.28). Conclusions: Outpatients demonstrated higher levels of social capital compared to inpatients, highlighting the critical role social capital plays in coping with illness. This disparity suggests that outpatients benefit from stronger social networks and support systems. Enhancing social capital for hospitalized patients could significantly improve their health outcomes.

Exploring parental decision-making in school commutes: A structural equation model of public transport utilization and child safety in Thailand

Concern is growing regarding the increasing use of private car in many developing countries, including Thailand. Car usage is rising in Thailand in part because the public transit system is inadequate and unreliable, especially in rural and suburban communities. Often, children’s route to school is unsafe due to the increasing number of cars around the school. This prompts parents to worry about their child’s safety when in transit. The model of travel by public transportation is an alternative for reducing road congestion and improving children’s safety. This study seeks to better understand the factors that influencing parents’ decisions regarding the use of public transportation for their children’s school commutes. Data were gathered through a questionnaire from a sample of 750 parents with children between the ages of 6 and 18 years in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The findings of the structural equation model analysis showed a relationship between service users’ loyalty and the components of satisfaction, trust, expectation, and perception of service quality. The outcomes derived in this study can serve as practical guidelines for public and private transportation system operators to improve service efficiency, meet consumer demand, and foster positive interactions between service users and operators. In this way, this study can lead to important internal and external benefits for the continued development of the public transportation system and motivate more service users to transition to the use of public transportation.

Trust Development Between Speech-Language Pathologists and Laryngologists: A Thematic Analysis

ObjectivesSpeech language pathologists (SLPs) and laryngologists often work closely in interdisciplinary settings evaluating and treating patients with voice, swallowing, and airway disorders. This collaboration is integral to providing optimum patient care. We theorize that trust is an essential component of this relationship and contributes to effective patient care and professional satisfaction. There is currently no literature that explores the development and role of trust in this unique interprofessional relationship. We aim to explore the SLP and laryngologist interprofessional relationship and the development and role of trust in that relationship. Study DesignQualitative Realist Thematic Analysis MethodsThematic analysis of semi-structured qualitative interviews was performed to explore the relationship between SLPs and laryngologists. Through purposive sampling from November 2022 – January 2023, we recruited SLPs (n=10) and laryngologists (n=10) from 12 centers with varying years of practice, practice setting (academic or private), geographic location, and team structures. ResultsTrust between SLPs and laryngologists is comprised of confidence in 1) ability (clinical judgment, technical skill), 2) benevolence, and 3) integrity. Trust formation is enhanced by frequency and quality of communication, physical proximity, and reduction of practical barriers (scheduling, billing, departmental structure). Role negotiation was not identified as a factor. The presence of all three components of trust contributes to job satisfaction, perceptions of patient experience and care outcomes, and the willingness to collaborate in academic areas beyond clinical care. ConclusionsAll three elements (ability, benevolence, integrity) must be present for trust in an interprofessional relationship between SLPs and laryngologists, and formation of trust is facilitated by robust communication, physical proximity, and reduction of practical barriers to collaboration. The lack of these elements and lack of trust between the two professions can negatively impact collaboration, job satisfaction, and patient care outcomes, contributing to inefficiencies in patient care.

The component and structure of interpersonal trust

Prior research has identified trust trait, trust expectation, trust risk and trust behavior as integral components of interpersonal trust. However, there still lack an in-depth exploration of the structural relationships among these integral components—how these integral components collectively constitute interpersonal trust. The current study innovatively proposed that interpersonal trust is anchored by individual trust trait, mediated by the dynamic equilibrium between trust risk and trust expectation, and culminates in trust behavior as the outcome. Interpersonal trust results from the synergistic interplay of individual and environmental factors. We called such structural relationships as the pyramid structure model of interpersonal trust, and proved its rationality by empirical evidence.

A STUDY OF STAFF MOTIVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY

Maia Toidze E-mail: maia.toidze@bsu.edu.ge Doctor of Social Sciences, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Batumi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1179-7763 Abstract: It suggests that successful companies know the importance of commitment and motivated employees for business efficiency. In this paper, we aimed to study the interrelationships of professional motivation and organizational commitment of employees in the tourism sector, particularly in medium-sized hotels. Also, the influence of factors such as organizational trust and organizational culture on motivation and commitment. The empirical research was carried out in medium-sized hotels. In the study, 110 participants were included from various positions.The statistical analysis was an evaluation by SPSS software program P≤ 0,05 is considered statistically significant. According to our study, hotel staff's organizational commitment is above average; It is suggested that internal motivation is leading for employees. Notably, a statistically significant relationship was revealed between staff internal motivation and organizational commitment. The statistically significant linkage was revealed between intrinsic motivation and affective, also intrinsic motivation, and normative commitment. The study found that t organizational units' components are of static importance concerning trust components. A statistically significant relationship was found between professional motivation and the confidence level components in an organization. According to factor analysis, trust is essential in staff organizational commitment and motivation. Based on our study, we have thought that companies' management should pay more attention to social capital development in organizations. Moreover, the company management should be interested in motivating and commitment to the staff of their companies. It is advisable to introduce a culture of employee motivation, organizational loyalty, and organizational trust assessment and self-assessment, the analysis of which will be used in the development of motivation strategies. However, in introducing a motivational system, much emphasis should be placed on stimulating intrinsic motivation. Keywords: Hotel industry, motivation, organizational commitment JEL classification: D 23

Trust Matters in the Single Market, but How? Analysing Trust Amongst European Financial Supervisors

AbstractEuropean regulatory co‐operation has become essential for the smooth operation of the single market, and this in turn requires trust. In the case of the European Union (EU) ‘Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities’ (UCITS) Directive, for example, the member states' financial supervisory authorities rely on each other to provide a harmonised regime for the sale of investment funds across the EU. Funds authorised in one member state can be sold freely in another member state without further authorisation. The national authorities need to trust each other to ensure a consistent application of EU law. Yet we know very little about how trust matters from the perspective of member state regulators. In this article, we provide a better understanding of the relevant components of trust in the single market in financial services through an in‐depth case study of an EU network of national financial market supervisory authorities.

THE IMPACT OF CONTACTLESS PAYMENT CARDS ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF LEBANON

Paying using a contactless card is the latest payment technology. There is an urgent need to study the cultural trend towards alternative payment methods in light of these financial incentives. The contactless card system is a practical replacement for cash in low-value transactions due to its ability to compete with cash. Non-cash payments are represented by contactless payment systems that do not require direct physical contact between the consumer's payment device and the merchant's POS terminal. As a result, contactless payment is seen as a more viable alternative to cash than standard payment cards. Therefore, central banks in charge of currency distribution have a vested interest in debating the future of cash use. The researcher uses convenience sampling since they have access to the population. Many employees filled out the survey used in this research. There were 110 people requested to participate in the poll, but only 150 turned up. It is possible to have happiness after utilizing technology. Research shows that inherent attributes such as joy significantly affect how customers feel about new technology. It is generally known that consumers' hedonic motives affect their propensity to use online banking. It is hypothesized that intrinsic motivation influences the integrity and competence components of e-two trust. Customers who have had a positive experience with online banking are more likely to use it themselves because they see it the same way as others who have had a similar experience.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕКСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПОЗИТИВНОГО ИМИДЖА ЧАСТНОЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, the article substantiates the socio-psychological factors and conditions for the formation of the image of a private preschool educational organization. A multilevel structure of the image of private preschool educational organizations is proposed, the elements of which are the components of trust, attractiveness and evaluation of competitive advantages, as well as their criteria and indicators. The definition and extended characteristics of the concepts are given: "image of a private educational organization", "image carriers", "image agents", "image consumers". The authors point out that the main condition for the formation of the image of this type of educational organization is the systematic monitoring of socio-psychological indicators and the popularization of its results in the media. In order to test the author's hypothesis, multidimensional questionnaires were developed and used aimed at identifying the professional and managerial competence of the organization's leaders; indicators of professional satisfaction of staff; identifying the features of parental inquiry in private and public preschool educational organizations. To verify the results, an expert survey was conducted with the involvement of independent expert groups. The results of comprehensive monitoring made it possible to empirically identify and statistically substantiate a number of factors that ensure the formation of the image of a private preschool educational organization. The main factors are: the factor of consumer demand, the factor of competence of the head and staff; the factor of social networks; the factor of positioning; the factor of social activity; the factor of localization; monetary and regulatory factors.

Психологічні особливості міжособистісної довіри майбутніх психологів

The article analyses the results of the study of interpersonal trust among students. It was determined that interpersonal trust is viewed ambiguously by Ukrainian and foreign scientists. National scientists indicate the importance of interpersonal trust in the formation of partnership relations, conflict-free interpersonal interaction. Foreign studies emphasize the social nature of interpersonal trust, which is manifested only in the relationship of an individual. Structural components of interpersonal trust are cognitive, emotional and behavioural. Emphasis is placed on the socio-psychological and personal characteristics of subjects of interpersonal trust. It is noted that the level of subjective control, sociability, optimism, tolerance, reliability, the level of the individual's trust in himself, and his psycho-emotional state belong to the personal factors that influence the willingness of the individual to trust. The study was conducted on the basis of Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University. 79 freshmen took part in it. It has been empirically determined that first-year students of future psychologists have a significantly lower level of interpersonal trust than average. The level of self-confidence tends to be average, the external level of the locus of control prevails. The most dissatisfied areas are personal achievements, health, the quality of communication with loved ones, internal and external support, and the ability to self-control. Factor analysis made it possible to single out four factors (psychological well-being, internality in learning, achievement, self-realization), which, in our opinion, reflect different aspects of interpersonal trust in first-year students of future psychologists. The conducted research allows us to state that students who experience psychological well-being, are responsible, are focused on their own strengths, take responsibility for successes and failures in learning, are focused on achievements and self-realization, have a higher level of interpersonal trust.

FEATURES OF STUDENTS’ PERSONALITY TRUST IN COMMUNICATIVE NETWORK ACTIVITY

The article is devoted to the actual problem of personality trust of students in the conditions of network activity. The study of students’ personality trust in communicative network activity is of scientific significance due to the widespread inclusion of the Internet in life. Personality trust in the virtual world regulates human behavior. The aim of the study is to identify the features of students’ personality trust in communicative network activity.
 Methodology and methods of research. The article used research methods: theoretical, empirical, methods of mathematical processing of psychological data: Friedman’s Xr2–criterion, Mann-Whitney U-criterion, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Computer data processing was carried out using the software packages “Excel” and “IBM SPSS Statistics 21”. A set of the following methods was used: “Methodology for studying the trust/distrust of a person to the world, other people, and oneself” (A. B. Kupreichenko) (the authors introduced an additional construct “virtual world”); “Questionnaire for problematic use of social networks” (N.A. Sirota, D.V. Moskovchenko, V.M. Yaltonsky, A.V. Yaltonskaya); “Methodology for assessing involvement in the use of information and communication technologies” (A.N. Tatarko, E.V. Maklasova, Z.H. Lepshokova, V.N. Galyapina, M.V. Efremova, D.I. Dubrov, M.A. Bultseva, E. .V Bushina, A.A Mironova). The empirical base of the study consisted of 200 respondents: boys – 100 people, girls – 100 people. Average age 20,6 years.
 Results and scientific novelty. For the first time, the personality trust of students in communicative network activity is considered. As a result of the empirical study, conclusions were drawn that self-confidence prevails among students in the virtual world. A comparative analysis based on gender showed that girls trust other people online more than boys. Differences were found on the scales “Trust in other people”, “Compulsive use”, “Cognitive absorption”, “Committing economic actions”, “Smartphone use”. The analysis revealed significant relationships between the components of personality trust and communicative network activity. A high level of self-confidence reduces anxious mental return to virtuality, growing trust in other people contributes to a feeling of comfort and security in communication, and with demonstrated trust in the virtual world, the desire to regularly stay in it increases.
 Practical significance. The results obtained during the study of the characteristics of students’ personality trust in communicative network activity can be used to organize a digital educational environment and make practical recommendations for conducting training work in order to develop digital competence skills.

Is scientific knowledge or trust responsible for preventive behaviours during COVID-19 pandemic?

Abstract Background When the public exhibit high levels of trust in science, adoption of new technologies becomes easier. Yet, one can note a crisis of trust in science, as declared by the UK Government in 2000, which found that lowering trust causes less public support for science. Especially in precarious situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, quick acceptance and adoption of regulations, measures and technologies are important. Objectives To identify whether scientific knowledge or trust in science, health institutions & governments lead to preventive behaviours during COVID-19 pandemic, & greater acceptance of technologies designed to battle it. Methods An online public opinion survey is conducted in Germany (n1=1000) and India (n2=1000) using stratified random sampling. The questionnaire consists of 4 sections: COVID-19 knowledge, preventive behaviours during various phases of the pandemic, trust in self & institutions, and acceptance of technologies. Knowledge items are scored, and preventive behaviours are evaluated in categories. The trust section consists of imaginary scenarios in each of the components of trust - integrity, responsiveness, reliability, openness and fairness. These trust scenarios identify the level of trust in individuals, close friends & family, scientists & researchers, and the government. Correlations between knowledge scores, preventive behaviours, trust, and acceptance of technologies are explored and reported. Results It is expected that knowledge can be correlated to preventive behaviours. But, for acceptance of technologies, it is expected that trust might play a greater role rather than knowledge. Conclusions This study is unique in its design where public trust is not just a single variable but is measurable due to severable scenarios for each of the components of trust. Additionally, this study provides a direction for policy and institutional responses to future pandemics- answering whether to focus on knowledge or build more trust. Key messages • Online, representative public opinion surveys in Germany & India compare and contrast whether knowledge or trust is responsible for preventive behaviours and acceptance of technologies during COVID-19. • Adoption of new technologies becomes easier when public exhibit higher levels of trust. However, knowledge can be important for preventive behaviours.

Adolescents and Trust in Online Social Interactions: A Qualitative Exploratory Study.

Social media have become increasingly embedded in adolescents' daily lives. Although these contexts have been widely studied, how trust in online relationships is built among adolescents is still an unexplored issue. By adopting the theoretical socio-cognitive model of trust, this study aims to explore the components of online trust as far as today's teenagers are concerned. The study involved 10 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 (M = 15.5). The data were collected using individual semi-structured, audio-recorded, and faithfully transcribed interviews. A deductive-inductive content analysis carried out with the NVivo10 software was performed on the textual material. Results show that adolescents seem to be aware of online trust value in "selecting" peers to be trusted. To protect themselves from the risks they are exposed to, they choose to interact with peers/friends who are already known in real life or are similar to them in terms of interests, ways of thinking, passions, and age. Additionally, others' competencies and willingness play an important role in adolescents' evaluations and decisions to rely on others online. The results of this study could be useful for developing awareness-raising interventions on the risks that adolescents are exposed to in order to promote "safe" relationships of trust and emphasize the possible positive use of technologies (e.g., by building online trust relationships using peer "safe" models).

Factors Affecting Decision to Adopt Artificial Intelligence During COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Evidence from PLS-SEM and fsQCA

The study investigated the factors influencing the demand for Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in Vietnam from the perspective of Accounting and Auditing. The data was gathered using a quantitative technique based on questionnaires to study a total of 206 accountants and auditors, and was analysed using the PLS-SEM method to determine influential factors and their relationships. In addition, we compare the PLS-SEM results with a recently established approach of panel data fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results reveal that the components of finance, tasks, technology, epidemics, knowledge readiness and trust all have a favourable impact on the use of AI in Accounting and Auditing in Vietnam. Besides, the fsQCA results are consistent with the PLS-SEM method, which means that our findings are robust and valid. This study adds empirical evidence to the scientific literature on AI in Accounting and Auditing, which will be immensely beneficial for legislators and businesses looking to improve company efficiency. Besides, applying the fsQCA approach contributes significantly to the existing literature about the research method.

Synergy Among the Indonesia Maritime Security Institutions in Conducting Maritime Patrol

Maritime patrols are necessary because Indonesia is vulnerable to maritime threats and disturbances. Patrols are not optimally covered the sea and the regulations are not comprehensive to be synergy guidelines. This article discusses how to synergize effective and efficient patrols at the six maritime security institutions, and finally reduce the level of threats and disturbances to maritime security. This article uses qualitative methods and synergy models, interviews were conducted with informants from six maritime security institutions. Various elements of the patrol require collaboration consisting of personnel, assets, and ideas from various institutions. The advantages of an institution that should be utilized together include the size of the budget or assets, personnel militancy, social patrols, targeting patrols, aerial monitoring, and shipping court mechanisms. Trust exists from long-standing interactions to see competence and integrity, not by coercion of regulations. Leaders must meet all the criteria for leaders, both those who want strong criteria and those who want accountability or integrity or can accept criticism. Maritime patrol synergy is formed by the interaction of collaboration, engagement, trust components, and leadership support to ensure the synergy runs.

A framework for transitioning brand trust to brand love

PurposeThis study aims to propose a conceptual framework for transition of brand trust to brand love in an uncertain market situation, from the perspective of cognitive-emotion theory (CET).Design/methodology/approachSince brand anthropomorphism is successfully established in branding research, this study takes cognitive characteristics of brand trust and emotional characteristic of brand love from extant literature to develop a conceptual framework for transformation of brand trust (cognition) into brand love (emotion). This study situates the relationship in the context of market uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses in the development of the conceptual framework by taking cognitive components of brand trust and brand behavioural characteristics as moderator, in uncertain market situation.FindingsFindings suggest that transition of brand trust (cognition) to brand love (emotion) is possible in uncertain situation, and brand behavioural characteristics moderate this relationship. Brand behavioural characteristics are brand innovativeness, brand ethicality, brand empathy, brand expertise and brand agility, which have the potential to further strengthen the relationship in the given situation.Research limitations/implicationsThis research proposes a conceptual model and propositions that add a rich understanding to the relationship of brand trust and brand love, which requires empirical testing in any brand category context. Through a richer understanding of conditions and the underlying psychological mechanism, researchers and marketers, brand managers, policymakers and so forth can gain insights that aid strategic decision-making. Trusted brands can leverage on the situation by highlighting unique behavioural characteristics to establish a strong and sustainable long-term relationship.Originality/valueThe current research is an attempt to provide deeper insights from the perspective of CET, into the relationship of brand trust (cognition) and brand love (emotion) by introducing conditions under which a trusted brand becomes a lovable brand in uncertain market situation, thereby adding new knowledge to branding, customer-brand relationship sustainability, in uncertainty literature. The new perspective, that is CET, puts forward a novice view on the advantage of brand love over brand trust that could help in formulating strategic decisions in managing brands in crisis situation.

Trust Components: An Analysis in The Development of Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Mobile Application

Trust in information and communication technology devices is an important factor, considering the role of technology in carrying out supporting tasks in everyday human activities. The level of trust in technology will influence its application and adoption. Recognizing the importance of trust in technology, researchers in this study will examine trust components for the development of a type 2 diabetes mobile application. The results of this study resulted in three major focuses, namely the application design (consisting of architecture), UI design, and evaluation of trust factors of the application: functionality, ease of use, usefulness, security and privacy, and cost. This analysis of trust components will be useful for the application or adoption by users of a type 2 diabetes mellitus mobile application so that users will trust the application both in terms of functionality and the generated information.

Trust and service engagement among people who inject drugs after release from prison.

Compounding histories of injecting drug use and incarceration can marginalise people engaging with services, making it difficult for them to address their health and social welfare needs, particularly when they navigate community re-entry service supports. Drawing on Hall and colleagues' five components of trust, this paper seeks to understand how trust in service providers fosters (or inhibits) effective service engagement from the perspective of people who inject drugs during the prison post-release period. Between September 2018 and May 2020, qualitative in-depth interviews were completed with 48 adults (33 men, 15 women) recruited from SuperMIX (a longitudinal cohort study of people with a history of injection drug use in Victoria, Australia). Data relating to service engagement were coded against the five components of trust: competence, fidelity, honesty, global trust, and confidence. Reflections of post-release service engagement frequently focused on interactions with community corrections (parole) officers. Depictions of trust were consistently portrayed within the context of negative experiences and deficits, whereby trusting provider relationships and interactions were rarely described. Most participants recounted a stark absence of fidelity (that is, "pursuing a [client's] best interests"), with some participants detailing circumstances in which their vulnerability was purposefully, almost strategically, exploited. These encounters nearly always had the consequence of impeding the participant's positive progression in the post-release integration period. There is an urgent need to prioritise the client in health and social service delivery in the post-release transition-to-community period and recognise the importance of trust in delivering effective services to people whose life histories make them highly vulnerable to marginalisation.

Modeling the structural relationships of academic procrastination based on problem-solving styles with the mediating role of academic persistence

Background and Aim: One of the most important objectives of the education system in any country is to enhance the scientific level and academic ability of students. The purpose of the current research was to model the structural relationships of academic procrastination based on problem-solving styles with the mediating role of academic persistence. Methods: This research is descriptive of the type of correlation designs based on structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this research was the students of the second secondary school in Hamedan city in the academic year of 2021-22. 304 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Solomon and Rothblum's (1986) academic procrastination questionnaires, Cassidy and Long's (1996) problem-solving styles, and Martin and Marsh's (2008) academic persistence questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was done through SPSS-25 and Amos-24 software. Results: The findings showed that academic persistence and components of trust, tendency and creativity have a negative effect on academic procrastination. The helplessness component has a positive effect on academic procrastination. But the direct effect of inhibition and avoidance components on procrastination was not significant. The components of confidence, orientation and creativity have a positive effect, and helplessness, avoidance, restraint have a negative effect on academic persistence. The components of trust, tendency and creativity have a negative effect on academic procrastination with the mediation of persistence. Also, helplessness, restraint and avoidance have a positive effect on academic procrastination through the mediation of academic persistence. Conclusion: Problem-solving styles and academic persistence are factors that affect academic procrastination. These findings can be considered a model for intervention.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЯВІВ ДОВІРИ ДО ІНШИХ ТА ДО СЕБЕ У СТУДЕНТІВ ЮНАЦЬКОГО ВІКУ

Peculiarities of trust as personal determinants of special and professional growth of students of youth age have been discovered in the article. It has been marked on sensitiveness of youth age for becoming of studied phenomenon. The results of the conducted theoretical analysis of problem and also empiric research of self-trust in meaningful life spheres of students of youth age have been given. The results of the study proved the predominance of self-trust over trust to others among young students. It turned out that a low level of self-trust, in contrast to trust in others, is not observed among the researched. The lowest indicators of a high level of trust compared to the three other areas in both groups of respondents were found in the intimate area (relationships with a friend, girlfriend). Gender indicators differ in that trust in others is significantly higher in girls than in boys, and self-trust in boys is higher than in girls. So, boys trust themselves more than others, and girls tend to trust others more than themselves. The revealed trends indicate the need for differentiated psychocorrective work with students, aimed at increasing the components of trust, especially in the educational and intimate spheres. The search for activation of the conditions of their construction will contribute to the maximum integration of self-trust and trust to others in the conscious instructions of a positive orientation among students of youth age.

The Role of Managers’ Cultural Intelligence and Demographic Variables in Building Trust in Business Relations

This article examines the role of such factors as gender, age, nationality, and cultural intelligence in building trust between business partners coming from different countries. The research involved 560 employees, of which 115 were Croatians (20.5%), 114—Russians (20.4%), and 331—Slovenians (59.1%). In addition to socio-demographic questions (gender, age, nationality), we employed the Organizational Trust Inventory and the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The research was made available to the participants online and in three language versions—Croatian, Russian, and Slovenian. We discovered that gender played the greatest role in building trust between business partners, since women rated all trust components higher than men. Cultural intelligence, nationality, and age are not predictors of trust among business partners. Our data contributes to a clearer understanding of the ambiguity of predictors of trust. While previous studies have focused on cultural intelligence as a factor in successful international interaction, our results show that cultural identity retains its importance even in the context of globalization and international cooperation.