Components Of Products Research Articles

Study on Palm Oil Cultivation and Processing Technology to Support The Biofuel Program (Optimization for The Development of Palm Oil-Based Energy Plantation in Indonesia)

Abstract Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is an important commodity for Indonesia, after fossil oil is no longer the main component of export products. The bioenergy product that has been well developed and applied is biodiesel. The development of CPO for bioenergy has some obstacles, such the amount of CPO needed is large so that it will affect the capacity of CPO used for food. In addition, the price of CPO which is considered high is around US$ 700-900/ton, whereas the ideal price of CPO as a bioenergy raw material is a maximum of US$ 400/ton. Several approaches that are recommended as a solution to overcome these problems are optimization of palm oil cultivation, harvesting management, and also processing technology. The methodology used in this research includes collecting data from palm oil industry players, palm oil mills (PKS), academics involved in the development of the palm oil industry, and professional organizations related to palm oil. The data was obtained by conducting discussions and knowledge sharing with them. The results of this study will assist policy makers, in this case the Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) and the Ministry of Agriculture to determine bioenergy development policies that involve aquaculture ecosystems, land selection, industrial location and optimal process technology. The Ministry of Industry and Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) can partner to develop palm oil-based energy, the Ministry of Agriculture will develop palm cultivation which is sufficient to support mustard products for energy, palm land can be restructured according to energy needs. To support the energy plantation program, it is recommended that the government set up a palm plantation devoted to energy covering an area of 250,000 hectares on state land or state-owned enterprises (BUMN). Procurement of palm oil plantations can be done in stages from 25 hectares, according to land potential and budget.

Numerical modeling of the non-equilibrium condensation in multi-component flows through the high expansion ratio nozzles

Excessive flow expansion in the thruster nozzles reduces the flow temperature and pressure. This provides conditions for the condensation phenomena in the nozzle, which can affect the thrust performance of thrusters. In this paper, the condensation effect of water components in the decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide in a typical thruster nozzle is modeled. To describe the state and properties of the real gas mixture, the Peng-Robinson equation of state is used. Moreover, the effects of H2O2 concentration and nozzle profile on the condensation and nozzle performance parameters are studied. The results show that by more flow expansion and crossing the saturated state of condensable components, the thrust coefficient improves up to 6%. This improvement decreases by increasing the H2O2 concentration in the reaction chamber for a fixed nozzle expansion ratio. Due to the small growth of droplets during the free molecular regime of the droplet growth in the high-speed flow, the non-equilibrium condensation continues until the nozzle outflow. In addition, although all the profiles have the same expansion ratio for nucleation start, increasing the nozzle length results in larger nano-droplets, more liquid mass fraction formation up to 4%, and moving the Wilson point to the further upstream sections in the nozzle.

Simultaneous identification of multiple animal-derived components in meat and meat products by using MNP marker based on high-throughput sequencing

Simultaneous identification of multiple animal-derived components in meat and meat products by using MNP marker based on high-throughput sequencing

Is Camphor the Future in Supporting Therapy for Skin Infections?

The aim of this review is to present the potential application of camphor-a bicyclic monoterpene ketone-in the prevention of skin infections. Skin diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by prolonged symptoms that significantly diminish the quality of life. They affect the dermis, the epidermis, and even subcutaneous tissue. They very often have a bacterial or fungal background. Therapy for dermatological skin disorders is difficult and long-term. Therefore, it is important to find a compound, preferably of natural origin, that (i) prevents the initiation of this infection and (ii) supports the skin's repair process. Based on its documented anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-acne, anesthetic, strengthening, and warming properties, camphor can be used as a preventative measure in dermatological infectious diseases and as a component in medical and cosmetic products. This work discusses the structure and physicochemical properties of camphor, its occurrence, and methods of obtaining it from natural sources as well as through chemical synthesis. The use of camphor in industrial preparations is also presented. Additionally, after a detailed review of the literature, the metabolism of camphor, its interactions with other medicinal substances, and its antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungi involved in skin diseases are discussed with regard to their resistance.

Evaluation of internship program Kampus Merdeka in the community-based total sanitation facilitator field at community health center Dr. Soetomo

The MSIB Kampus Merdeka program is a program that plays a role in bridging and securing the availability of quality talent for national industries that need alternative solutions to obtain talent that meets the qualifications and fits the culture of the organization so that they can make a real contribution over a long period. However, in the implementation of the internship program by the Surabaya City Health Office partners in the field of Community-Based Total Sanitation facilitators, there are still discrepancies in several components. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Merdeka Campus Internship program at the Surabaya City Health Office for the Community-Based Total Sanitation Facilitator field. This research is a type of evaluative research with a qualitative descriptive approach using the CIPP Model (Context, Input, Process, Product). Data was obtained through interviews and observations. Data analysis techniques by presenting data in the form of descriptions and verified by concluding. The results of the evaluation based on 4 components show that the content component is not yet appropriate in terms of background and program objectives, the input component is still lacking in human resources and the use of facilities and infrastructure, the process component is in accordance with the specified operating hours and the evaluation of activities carried out is not optimal, the product component is still largely developed due to the limited role of student interns. This study concludes that there are still elements in several components that are evaluated that are still not in accordance with the program plan.

Species-level understanding of the bacterial community in Daqu based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences

Daqu is used as the fermentation starter of Baijiu and contributes diversified functional microbes for saccharifying grains and converting sugars into ethanol and aroma components in Baijiu products. Daqu is mainly classified into three types, namely low (LTD), medium (MTD) and high (HTD) temperature Daqu, according to the highest temperatures reached in their fermentation processes. In this study, we used the PacBio small-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology to determine the full-length 16 S rRNA gene sequences from the metagenomes of 296 samples of different types of Daqu collected from ten provinces in China, and revealed the bacterial diversity at the species level in the Daqu samples. We totally identified 310 bacteria species, including 78 highly abundant species (with a relative abundance >0.1% each) which accounted for 91.90% of the reads from all the Daqu samples. We also recognized the differentially enriched bacterial species in different types of Daqu, and in the Daqu samples with the same type but from different provinces. Specifically, Lactobacillales, Enterobacterales and Bacillaceae were significantly enriched in the LTD, MTD and HTD groups, respectively. The potential co-existence and exclusion relationships among the bacteria species involved in all the Daqu samples and in the LTD, MTD and HTD samples from a specific region were also identified. These results provide a better understanding of the bacterial diversity in different types of Daqu at the species level.

USE OF DIGITAL DOUBLE FOR COMPONENT MANUFACTURING

One of the contemporary approaches to production planning involves the application of digital twins technology, which aims to combine information from a real physical object and its virtual counterpart. The integration and synchronization of this information enable the realization of the manufacturing process with real-time tracking of the current state of the product and production. Utilizing the capabilities of modern computer technologies and digital twins creation technology allows for the assessment of the manufacturing process and its shortcomings even at the creation stage. The digital twins of the physical production process enable timely evaluation of design efficiency, avoidance of costly physical reconfigurations, attainment of maximum efficiency, shortened timelines, and reduced implementation costs through optimization. The model of the assembly process constructed in this way reflects the essential components and sequences. The foundation for implementing the digital twins of production is the model of the product itself, which serves as an integral part and basis of the entire digital model. Assessing the assembly of such a product objectively, its constituent elements, and the sequence of their assembly, allowed for the formulation of a description of the digital model of product assembly. The language used to describe the model is based on sets of relation types between components, assembly units of the product, and the constraints imposed on them within the given assembly. Such analytical notation of product components reflects the assembly process and constitutes a model of the technological assembly sequence. The proposed linguistic description of the product and the digital twins of the design enable the formalization of the three-dimensional assembly process during the design of assembly units and products, allowing for the modeling of their assembly process at the stage of design engineering.

Food Chemicals and Epigenetic Targets: An Epi Food Chemical Database.

There is increasing awareness of epigenetics's importance in understanding disease etiologies and developing novel therapeutics. An increasing number of publications in the past few years reflect the renewed interest in epigenetic processes and their relationship with food chemicals. However, there needs to be a recent study that accounts for the most recent advances in the area by associating the chemical structures of food and natural product components with their biological activity. Here, we analyze the status of food chemicals and their intersection with natural products in epigenetic research. Using chemoinformatics tools, we compared quantitatively the chemical contents, structural diversity, and coverage in the chemical space of food chemicals with reported epigenetic activity. As part of this work, we built and curated a compound database of food and natural product chemicals annotated with structural information, an epigenetic target activity profile, and the main source of the food chemical or natural product, among other relevant features. The compounds are cross-linked with identifiers from other major public databases such as FooDB and the collection of open natural products, COCONUT. The compound database, the "Epi Food Chemical Database", is accessible in HTML and CSV formats at https://github.com/DIFACQUIM/Epi_food_Chemical_Database.

Information campaigns and ecolabels by environmental NGOs: Effective strategies to eliminate environmentally harmful components?

AbstractEnvironmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly using strategies to encourage firms to eliminate product components (e.g., palm oil) that are harmful to the environment (e.g., rainforests) or to replace them with NGO‐certified sustainable components. Under what conditions do NGOs' information and ecolabeling strategies succeed in eliminating certain harmful components when these components contribute to the intrinsic quality of a product? The paper addresses these questions using a model of two‐dimensional vertical product differentiation in a market with consumers either informed or uninformed about the environmental quality of products and two firms that initially offer a product with the harmful component and a harmful component‐free product. We show that the information campaign plays a crucial and effective role in improving environmental quality, although the optimal share of informed consumers for the NGO is large but not always 100%. Ecolabeling cannot replace the information campaign. It is only a complementary tool to an intensive information campaign. Used together, they can succeed in triggering the substitution of the certified sustainable component for the harmful one.

Chromatographic approaches to food quality control by chemical compo-sition

The article provides an overview of chromatographic methods, which, when used comprehensively, ensure food quality control and safety. It considers gas chromatography methods that allow analysing volatile components in products using a flame ionization detector, an electron capture detector, and mass-selective detectors (GC-FID, GC-ECD, GC-MS, and GC-MS/MS). The article provides a list of analytes that can be detected by high performance liquid chromatography in combination with refractometric, spectrometric, and mass selective detectors (HPLC-RMD, HPLC-UV, HPLC-SPD, HPLC-MS, and HPLC-MS/MS). The study showed how ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detectors (IC-ECD, CE-ECD) can be used to detect ionogenic compounds. It highlighted the importance of thin layer chromatography (TLC) in combination with optical digital colour recording devices in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of contaminants in food products. Since it has been established that micro- and nanoplastics have a negative impact on human health, it is very important to detect these particles in food products. This task can be solved by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC), as well as the method of field-flaw fractionation (FFF). It was shown that the GC-MS method is now becoming a priority instrumental method used in accredited analytical laboratories to identify impurities of contaminants in agricultural products. The pyrolytic GC-MS method is promising in this regard. The pyrolytic cell does not require the transfer of a solid sample into a solution for its analysis. The paper considers extraction and sorption methods for the preparation of samples for chromatographic analysis. A variety of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE.) methods are most commonly used. Recently, the QuEChERS method has been developed and widely implemented. The overview is primarily based on the papers dedicated to chromatography and related separation methods published by researchers belonging to Voronezh scientific schools.

Usulan Klasifikasi ABC dan Penerapan 5R Terhadap Efisiensi Waktu Kerja Pada Gudang Arsip di PT. XYZ

XYZ is a company engaged in stamping & tools that produces various product components for 4 (four) wheeled vehicles. The high time to search for archives in a messy archive warehouse causes time wastage which results in increased labor costs so that repairs need to be made using the ABC classification method and the application of 5R. The company managed to rearrange the messy archive warehouse into a tidier and efficient working time from 58 minutes to 27 minutes or 53.4% and resulted in a decrease in labor costs with a value of Rp. 14,105.00 or 53.4%..

Banking sector and economic growth in the digital transformation era: insights from maximum likelihood and Bayesian structural equation modeling

PurposeIn the digital era, the banking sector has transformed into a powerful intermediary, effectively connecting surplus and deficit units. This dynamic landscape empowers savers to secure their finances and generate returns, while simultaneously enabling businesses and individuals to access capital for investment and promoting economic growth. This study explores the relationships among banking development dimensions – represented by primary assets and liabilities, bank capital (core capital and required reserves) and economic growth as measured by components of gross domestic product (GDP).Design/methodology/approachThe study consolidated monthly balance sheets from digital banks over a 20-year period, resulting in an aggregate monthly balance sheet that reflects the financial position of all digital banks in the Palestinian economy. The research employs both maximum likelihood and Bayesian structural equation modeling to measure the causal pathways of the consolidated balance sheet with the individual components of GDP.FindingsThe results revealed that bank main assets (investments and loans) and liabilities (deposits) collectively explain for 97% of bank capital. Investments and loans demonstrate significant negative correlations with bank capital, while deposits exhibit a positive impact. This leads to a fundamental conclusion that a substantial proportion of retained earnings within the banking sector is reinvested, fueling expansion and growth. Additionally, the results showed a significant relationship between bank capital and various GDP components, including private consumption, gross investment and net exports (p = 0.000). However, while the relationship between bank capital and government spending was insignificant in the maximum likelihood estimation, Bayesian estimation revealed a slight yet positive impact of bank capital on government spending.Originality/valueThis research stands out due to its unique exploration of the intricate relationship between bank sector development dimensions, primary assets and liabilities and their impact on bank capital in the digital era. It offers fresh insights by dividing this connection into specific dimensions and constructs, utilizing a comprehensive two-decade dataset covering the digital banks records.

Branching problem for tensoring two Verma modules and its application to differential symmetry breaking operators

Kobayashi–Pevzner discovered in [Differential symmetry breaking operators: II. Rankin–Cohen operators for symmetric pairs, Selecta Math. (N.S.) 22(2) (2016) 847–911, MR 3477337] that the failure of the multiplicity-one property in the fusion rule of Verma modules of [Formula: see text] occurs exactly when the Rankin–Cohen brackets vanish, and classified all the corresponding parameters. In this paper, we provide yet another characterization for these parameters, and give a precise description of indecomposable components of the tensor product. Furthermore, we discuss when the tensor products of two Verma modules are isomorphic to each other for semisimple Lie algebras [Formula: see text].

A modified co-production framework for improved cross-border collaboration in sustainable forest management and conservation of forest bird populations

The border between Canada and the United States poses jurisdictional challenges when it comes to consistently implementing science-based conservation of forests and their biological communities. Through a partnership with the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, Boreal Avian Modelling Project, and American Bird Conservancy, we developed a co-production framework to conduct research that will inform forest management practices for bird conservation in the cross-border region of Bird Conservation Region 12. Our framework first responds to the needs of resource managers and other perceived stakeholders, while investing in relationship-building for long term trust as a foundation for future partnerships with Indigenous rights holders and landowners. Our central question was: How can sustainably managed forests create and/or maintain high quality breeding habitat to support forest bird populations that are resilient to climate change? Engaging with experts in Canada and the United States, we found that the main driver for addressing our central question was our limitation in connecting bird population responses to specific forest management practices. We describe how experts are contributing avian count and forest inventory data that researchers will use to produce a requested decision-support tool. We continue to engage with land managers to link forest resource inventory data to specific forest management practices and refine the components of products by including more diverse perspectives.

Non-thermal techniques for microbiological safety, nutritional preservation, and enhanced efficiency in dairy processing

The ongoing era of adopted lifestyle among humans involves shortcuts in every aspect, and a similar trend can be observed in food processing and preservation, especially in dairy preparation. Thus, lots of non-thermal processes including high-pressure processing (HPP), ultrasound (US) treatment, pulsed electric fields (PEF), ultraviolet (UV) light and oscillating magnetic fields (OMF), etc. have been invented. By inactivating bacteria, these non-thermal processes keep food's sensory and nutritional quality while also preventing thermal degradation of food components near ambient temperatures. Non-thermal techniques can effectively preserve a food's nutraceuticals and functional potential, while simultaneously ensuring microbiological safety and maintaining the integrity of its bioactive components. During the thermal processing, several heat-labile components of milk and milk products may be lost In contrast, non-thermal processes are gentler compared to thermal treatments, making them preferred choices that avoid compromising nutritional value. It has been observed that non-thermal technology can increase processing efficiency and microstructure through constituent interactions, alteration of enzyme activity, and development of hypoallergenic products. However, in order to use thermal technologies profitably, the risk of operation, equipment cost, technological compatibility, and goal of processing the product must be thoroughly assessed prior to using these processes. Non-thermal processes can also be combined with other strategies like the addition of bio-preservatives or modified atmospheric packaging etc., to enhance the antimicrobial effects. Keywords: Non-thermal processes; Microbiological safety; Dairy processing; Bioactive components; Bioactive compounds; Enzyme activity; Nutritional quality; Bio-preservatives.

Catalytic Conversion of Oil Shale over Fe or Ni Catalysts under Sub-Critical Water

Sub-critical water is an environment-friendly solvent. It is widely used for the extraction of various organic compounds. It can be used to dissolve and transport organic matter in oil shale. In this study, the conversion of oil shale was synergistically catalyzed by the addition of Fe or Ni to the Fe inherent in samples under sub-critical water conditions. Oil shale can be converted to gas, oil and residues of oil. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis results presented that the weight loss of raw oil shale was up to 15.85%. After sub-critical water extraction, the weight loss rate of the residues was reduced to 8.41%. With the application of a metal catalyst, Fe or Ni, the weight loss of residues was further reduced to 7.43% and 6.57%, respectively. According to DTG curves, it was found that there were two weight-loss rate peaks. The decomposition process of kerogen in oil shale could be divided into two cracking processes. One is decomposed at a high velocity at around 420 °C, and another is decomposed at a low velocity at around 515 °C. Gas chromatography (GC) results of gas products indicated that Fe or Ni could contribute to producing normal alkanes, such as methane, ethane, propane, etc., which are produced by the hydrogenation of alkenes via hydrogen transfer during the conversion process of kerogen. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was conducted to analyze the components of the liquid products. The results showed that n-alkanes, iso-alkane, oxygenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were the major components of the kerogen cracking products. When Ni was introduced as a catalyst, the contents of aromatic compounds and oxygenated hydrocarbons in the liquid products were increased from 19.55% and 6.87% to 22.38% and 13.77%, respectively. This is due to the synergistic effect of the addition of Ni with the inherent Fe in oil shale under sub-critical water which ensures kerogen is more easily cracked to produce aromatic compounds and oxygenated hydrocarbons.

Directional cooperative networks

Although various machine learning methods have been proposed for industrial applications, there are not many examples of their application in some industrial sectors. Data collected within organizations are inconsistently formatted and expensive to annotate, resulting in insufficient datasets for training. This hinders the widespread use of machine learning methods. The challenge is to address the need for more performance of machine learning models due to the lack of available data.We address this problem by introducing Directed Cooperative Networks (DCNs). This approach addresses the lack of data by connecting two neural networks with a function that evaluates the output of Generator. Estimator, the one of the networks, acts as an approximate function of the evaluation function, assisting Generator to output a product that yields the desired evaluation function value. When the networks are sufficiently trained, Estimator’s output approaches the output of the evaluation function, and Generator will produce products with the desired attributes.A data-independent method is the evolutionary algorithm (EA). Since EA is optimized by feedback from the environment, good results can be obtained by using the evaluation function of the product as its environment. However, its effectiveness decreases as the combination of product components becomes more complex.One of the outstanding properties of DCN is its potential to outperform EA on complex problems because it learns using the gradient of the search field. DCN does not require rewriting the evaluation function into a back-propagatable form, even if the function is complex. Using a neural network that behaves as an approximate function of the evaluation function, the gradient descent method can be applied even if the evaluation function is non-differentiable.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, DCN is applied to a molecular search task and analyzed in comparison with other approaches. This study aims to demonstrate the superior performance of DCN in dealing with data shortages in complex problems in industrial applications.

Screening and separation of natural anticancer active ingredients related to phospholipase C.

Based on the specific binding of drug molecules to cell membrane receptors, a screening and separation method for active compounds of natural products was established by combining phospholipase C (PLC) sensitized hollow fiber microscreening by a solvent seal with high-performance liquid chromatography technology. In the process, the factors affecting the screening were optimized. Under the optimal screening conditions, we screened honokiol (HK), magnolol (MG), negative control drug carbamazepine, and positive control drug amentoflavone, the repeatability of the method was tested. The PLC activity was determined before and after the screening. Experimental results showed that the sensitization factors of PLC of HK and MG were 61.0 and 48.5, respectively, and amentoflavone was 15.0, carbamazepine could not bind to PLC. Moreover, the molecular docking results were consistent with this measurement, indicating that HK and MG could be combined with PLC, and they were potential interacting components with PLC. This method used organic solvent to seal the PLC greatly ensuring the activity, so this method had the advantage of integrating separation, and purification with screening, it not only exhibited good reproducibility and high sensitivity but was also suitable for screening the active components in natural products by various targets in vitro.

Wheat bran arabinoxylans: Chemical structure, extraction, properties, health benefits, and uses in foods.

Wheat bran (WB) is a well-known and valuable source of dietary fiber. Arabinoxylan (AX) is the primary hemicellulose in WB and can be isolated and used as a functional component in various food products. Typically, AX is extracted from the whole WB using different processes after mechanical treatments. However, WB is composed of different layers, namely, the aleurone layer, pericarp, testa, and hyaline layer. The distribution, structure, and extractability of AX vary within these layers. Modern fractionation technologies, such as debranning and electrostatic separation, can separate the different layers of WB, making it possible to extract AX from each layer separately. Therefore, AX in WB shows potential for broader applications if it can be extracted from the different layers separately. In this review, the distribution and chemical structures of AX in WB layers are first discussed followed by extraction, physicochemical properties, and health benefits of isolated AX from WB. Additionally, the utilization of AX isolated from WB in foods, including cereal foods, packaging film, and the delivery of food ingredients, is reviewed. Future perspectives on challenges and opportunities in the research field of AX isolated from WB are highlighted.

(Ag0.80Bi0.04Sr0.04)(Nb1-xTax)O3 ceramics with enhanced energy storage for high-temperature application via synergic optimization

Dielectric capacitors with high power density are essential components in advanced electronic and micro-electronic products. Nevertheless, the limited energy storage density and efficiency, coupled with poor performance at elevated temperatures, severely restrict their usefulness. In this work, Ta was introduced to the (Ag0.80Bi0.04Sr0.04)NbO3 ceramic prepared via the hydrothermal-synthesized powders to improve the room- and high-temperature energy storage performance. A large breakdown strength of 729kV/cm, a high recoverable energy storage density of 8.5J/cm3 and a benign energy efficiency of 75.6% were simultaneously achieved in (Ag0.80Bi0.04Sr0.04)(Nb0.85Ta0.15)O3 ceramics. Moreover, the larger energy storage efficiency (83.5%) at elevated temperatures than room temperature, the benign frequency and cycle stability foreshow great potential in realizing the application of capacitors at high-temperatures.