Component Of Practice Research Articles

Fully biodegradable hierarchically designed high-performance nanocellulose piezo-arrays.

While piezoelectric sensing and energy-harvesting devices still largely rely on inorganic components, biocompatible and biodegradable piezoelectric materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals, might constitute optimal and sustainable building blocks for a variety of applications in electronics and transient implants. To this aim, however, effective methods are needed to position cellulose nanocrystals in large and high-performance architectures. Here, we report on scalable assemblies of cellulose nanocrystals in multilayered piezoelectric systems with exceptional response, for various application scopes. The submicrometer patterning with effective-flow topography and multilayer stacking promote piezoelectric performance. Record output power and pressure sensitivity in the gentle touch range are obtained in flexible, fully biodegradable systems with stable piezoelectric properties and demonstrated compatibility with different cell lines and implanted devices. These architectures offer new design principles for piezoelectric sustainable materials and for realizing an innovative class of practical components for mechanical energy harvesting and biologically relevant wearables and implants.

Evidence-Based Teaching Strategies for Assessing Pressure Injuries in Older Nursing Home Residents With Darker Skin Tones.

To describe the development and implementation of evidence-based teaching strategies for assessing and classifying pressure injuries in older nursing home individuals ≥ 60 years old with darker skin tones. Pressure injury assessment learning interventions based on pre- and post-test assessments. The learning interventions were developed by experts in pressure injury education and were based on empirical evidence, international clinical practice guidelines, and underpinned by social constructivism theory and the integrated interactive teaching model. The teaching strategy was developed to educate research assistants in the assessment of pressure injuries in darker skin tone individuals. The content included requisite knowledge and skills for pressure injury assessment and classification in darker skinned individuals. Using evidence-based teaching strategies, the content was delivered through face-to-face lectures, small group discussions, and practical application sessions delivered using classroom and practical-based activities. Photographic images were used to assess their knowledge and skills in classifying pressure injuries. Four Bachelor of Nursing-qualified registered nurses in Sri Lanka were recruited as research assistants using the new education resource. Using scores from 1 to 20 points, mastery of the theory and practice components was assessed. The mean pre-test score was 9 ± 1.6 (95% confidence interval 6.4-11.6), demonstrating that assessment and classification of pressure injury knowledge were lacking. The mean post-test score was 16 ± 0.8 (95% confidence interval 14.7-17.3) indicating an improvement in the participants' ability to assess and staging pressure injuries. Early pressure injury detection among older individuals with darker skin tones is challenging. This evidence-based teaching approach can be used to educate clinical nurses and research assistants in assessing pressure injuries in individuals with darker skin tones. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by improving the early detection and accurate classification of pressure injuries in older nursing home residents with darker skin tones, addressing a significant gap in current nursing practice.

Payment models and the sustainability of community pharmacy practice: a qualitative interview study with community pharmacists.

The sustainability of community pharmacies in the United States depends, in large part, on policies enacted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). In 2003, CMS policy allowed retrospective direct and indirect remuneration (DIR) fees to manage costs. From 2024, only prospective DIR fees are permitted. The current study explores how existing payment models have impacted practice and how the policy change might impact future practice. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with community pharmacists knowledgeable about third-party payment and reimbursement practices in the state of Missouri. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reflectively analysed to identify broad themes. Final codes were applied to direct quotes. Participants checked transcripts and drafts of the manuscript for accuracy and completeness. Twelve pharmacists (11 males) with self-expressed knowledge of fees impacting their practice(s) participated. The pharmacists owned or worked for community pharmacies. The median percentage of patients served on Medicare Part D was 35% (range 24% to 60%). Four main themes and one overarching theme were identified. Theme 1 describes a sense of being punished for the basic component of pharmacy practice, i.e. safely dispensing prescription medications. Theme 2 describes a diversification of the business model to subsidise losses on the basic component. Theme 3 describes anticipated challenges given the policy change. Theme 4 describes what may be needed to achieve payment reform. The overarching theme describes the purpose of community pharmacy, including who community pharmacists are and who they serve, i.e. their community. Community pharmacies require a financially viable and sustainable business model to deliver the legally required basic component of practice: safely dispensing prescription medications. Legislative action could help to ensure community pharmacies are appropriately compensated for work at the federal and state levels. Where services beyond the basics cost-effectively benefit public health, payment models could support them.

Mediating Role of Parent-Child Conflict in the Association Between Parental Anxiety and Emotional Behavioral Problems Among Children With Leukemia.

There is a documented risk of emotional and behavioral disorders in children with leukemia. Assessing the factors contributing to their behavioral disorders is particularly important from a prevention perspective. The aim of this study was to study the influencing factors of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children with leukemia from the perspective of adult family members. Cluster sampling was utilized to recruit a sample of 219 children diagnosed with leukemia. The caregivers of these children completed assessments on parental anxiety, parent-child conflict, and internalizing and externalizing child behavior problems. Study findings indicate that children diagnosed with leukemia exhibit significant internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Parental anxiety has a positive direct impact on both the internalizing and externalizing behavioral difficulties experienced by their children. Furthermore, parental anxiety indirectly influences the occurrence of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems through parent-child conflict. Findings underscore the potential for enhancing the parent-child relationship as a means to mitigate children's internalizing and externalizing problems by reducing parent-child conflict and parental anxiety. The child and family-centered care approach in pediatric nursing is fundamental in assessing and addressing the needs of the child and family. To ameliorate emotional behavior issues in children with leukemia, the quality of the parent-child relationship needs to be considered as a pivotal component of family-based interventions and clinical practice.

PA scope of practice reform: History informing the future.

State-level physician associate/assistant (PA) practice regulations have evolved since the profession's inception. The conditions that influence states' adoption of PA regulatory reforms are not fully understood. As some states begin to adopt components of optimal team practice, PAs in other states continue to face significant legal and regulatory practice restrictions. This article describes state economic, demographic, and workforce characteristics and highlights important differences across states that may affect future reform adoption and shape reform outcomes.

Existential Analysis in Theory and Practice of Education

Purpose. The aim of this article is to reinterpret the key ideas of existential analysis for contemporary educational theory and practice. Theoretical basis. The research used the following theoretical methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization of the fundamental principles of existential analysis as one of the branches of modern psychoanalysis. Originality. The scientific novelty of the research lies in characterizing L. Binswanger’s existential analysis (Daseinsanalysis) and V. Frankl’s logotherapy for their subsequent implementation in pedagogical theory and practice. It emphasizes that the principles of existential analysis in education aim to assist children in finding goals and learning motivation in a rapidly changing world. It is proven that existential analysis focuses on the idea of returning to the traditional view of the educator as a guide for children on their path to self-realization and self-discovery. Conclusions. The study concludes that "existential communication" between teachers and students helps the latter to go through new life experiences, make sense of them, and plan their future prospects. The ideas of existential analysis encourage the consideration of the ethical component in pedagogical practice, aimed at anticipating possible life risks, choosing ways to achieve plans, accepting the limitations of desires, and explaining the reasonable enjoyment of life without excessive indulgence. To achieve this goal, recommendations are provided on how to work with children’s motivation, the need to teach students to determine their place in the system of social relations and choose a profession to serve the truth and people.

Demographic Situation in the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics

Determining the exact population size of Donbass is a complex task due to the ongoing armed conflict in the region and a significant time interval that has passed since the last All-Ukrainian Population Census conducted in 2001. As of 2024, relevant and reliable sources of information on the demographic situation in Donbass are extremely limited. In turn, the statistical bodies of the people's republics are limited to counting the population exclusively in the territories controlled by Russia. These circumstances necessitate the use of alternative methodological approaches to obtain reliable estimates of the population of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics. The article considers the demographic dynamics and problems of estimating the permanent population of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Lugansk People's Republic (hereinafter referred to as the DPR and LPR), which are part of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of reliable statistical data and the complexity of population accounting in the context of the ongoing conflict in the republics. The objective of the study is to analyze the available data on the population of the DPR and LPR and to assess the demographic situation in the region. The work uses official data from the statistical services of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics, as well as materials from foreign statistical organizations. The results of the study show that since the beginning of the conflict in 2014, the population of the DPR and LPR has significantly decreased due to migration outflow and increased mortality. According to the authors' estimates, at the beginning of 2023, the permanent population of the Donetsk People's Republic was about 4.2 million people, and that of the Luhansk People's Republic was 2.2 million people. In addition, the article shows the population dynamics of the DPR and LPR from 1939 to 2020 based on all-Union population censuses and modern current accounting data. This scientific work emphasizes the need to conduct full-scale population censuses in the republics to obtain accurate information on its size and structure. The problem to which the article is devoted is not only of academic interest, but also has an obvious practical component. The study of the most probable number of the actual population of modern Donbass is directly related to the assessment of its systemic potential and the ability of two regional societies to achieve sustainable socio-economic development.

Pedagogical guidance of the process of forming information technological competence of future computer science teachers: a practical aspect

The article reveals the current problem of organizing pedagogical guidance in the process of forming information technology competence of future computer science teachers in a practical aspect:It is noted that technological training in the conditions of the modern information and educational space of higher education` pedagogical institutions is implemented by performing a significant part of educational activities using communication technologies.In the article it is presupposed that mandatory presence of initial information and technological literacy of students, is manifested not only in their mastery of the skills and abilities in using their activities of a set oftechnical means and devices, but also in the ability to understand when this information is needed, find it how to evaluate and use it effectively.Therefore it is necessary to improve the ways of forming and developing information technology competence of specialists as a necessary component of their general professional competence. It is a value guideline of modern higher pedagogical education; the practical component of the process of forming information technology competence of future computer science teachers. It is revealed in the context of the activities of the studio of pedagogical excellence to improve the methodological and technological literacy of higher education teachers, which provided for work in two directions: «Modern Educational Technologies» and «Fundamentals of Computer Telecommunications». It is concluded that the use of information and communication technologies in the educational and information environment of a pedagogical institution of higher education and the optimal management of this process made it possible to provide students with additional theoretical and methodological material on electronic media in the disciplines of basic training in the field of informatization of education, which made it possible to repeat the educational material of the studied problems and use it in a new context.

Cell Secretome from Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration

Review Cell Secretome from Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration Bin Chen 1,†, Lili Li 1,†, Xiaoxin Zhang 2, Qing Liu 1, Yin Xiao 3,* and Fuhua Yan 1,* 1 Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China 2 Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China 3 School of Medicine and Dentistry & Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia * Correspondence: yin.xiao@griffith.edu.au (Y.X.); yanfh@nju.edu.cn (F.Y.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 6 November 2024; Revised: 12 December 2024; Accepted: 16 December 2024; Published: 23 December 2024 Abstract: Periodontitis affects approximately 50% of the global adult population and results in varying degrees of periodontal destruction. The regeneration of periodontal tissue is in great demand but is currently difficult to achieve. The cell secretome from mesenchymal stem cells (CSmsc) has shown promise in promoting periodontal regeneration and is a translational alternative for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy. The practical components of CSmsc are soluble secretions and extracellular vesicles. The mechanisms of CSmsc-induced tissue regeneration may lie in its regulation of the local microenvironment, modulating immune cells such as macrophages and stimulating local host MSCs, a cell population with a direct effect on tissue regeneration. Therefore, CSmsc has been suggested as a promising cell-based product for future periodontal regenerative therapy. Hence, more studies should be conducted to analyse the effective components of the MSC secretome, explore the underlying mechanisms, and obtain functional CSmsc for clinical translation in periodontal regeneration.

Abandoned quarries of the Middle Dnipro region as promising natural geosites

The Middle Dnipro, or Prydniprovia, region, mostly represented by the Seredniodniprovskyi Megablock of the Ukrainian Shield and its connection with the Black Sea basin in the south and with the Dnipro-Donetsk Rift in the east, concentrates important objects of industrial extraction of many important types of mineral resources. A large number of open pits are used for their discovery and extraction, which – once exhausted – remain valuable sources of geological information and, accordingly, are objects of geological heritage. After cessation of mining, quarries can be used in various ways, among which attention is focused on their informational value, i.e. as carriers of geological knowledge regarding stratigraphy, tectonics, petrographic or lithological composition of the rocks, the validity of the age of rock complexes, and the presence of remains of fossil fauna and flora. Moreover, quarries provide an opportunity to collect samples of rocks and minerals for various types of analytical research, including various mineral resources. There is a general tendency to somewhat neglect the enormous amount of geological data that quarries contain, to quickly forget about this aspect of their use, and to give preference to their recreational or touristic value. Upon examining the issue, it was found that there is a lack of detailed scientific descriptions for the vast majority of quarries. Even when such information is present in geological reports, it is often difficult to utilize effectively. We have analyzed a large volume of the literary sources on the use of abandoned quarries in various countries of Europe and around the world, both in from the past and recent reports. First and foremost, the experience of utilizing quarries as valuable geological heritage sites or geosites was considered in order to preserve their informational value. This paper presents the results of the application of various methods in the survey of the quarries, including field methods with the use of its practical components, stratigraphic, paleontological, structural-tectonic, petrological and mineralogical, paleogeographic and others. The total number of abandoned quarries in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast has been fully accounted for, conditionally dividing them into large quarries or simply quarries, stone quarries (which include average-sized and small quarries, but mined for Precambrian crystalline rocks) and mines or clay pits (from which non-metallic mineral resources were extracted). Based on the conducted research, the characteristics of the most informative and important mining products are given for the first time.

Creating a Model-Based Learning Environment in BIM Education through Case Studies

As demand in the construction industry continues to rise globally, universities have shown an increased interest in Building Information Modeling (BIM) education, leading to accelerated curriculum development studies. Previous research has identified several challenges associated with creating new BIM course curricula. Notably, the instructor's competence in delivering the practical components of the course and developing assignment content are significant issues. The development of case studies aims to enhance the BIM proficiency of course instructors and to generate course materials suitable for practical application. This paper outlines the design of course content for BIM curriculum development through the use of case studies. Case studies from various building programs are evaluated and compared based on their BIM maturity levels. The resulting course materials are implemented in a graduate course offered each year and assessed through student surveys. The intricate nature of BIM is explained within a model-based learning environment. By analyzing the learning environment using data gathered from student surveys, this study aims to provide insights for future improvements.

Comprehensive Review of Pharmacogenomics and The Expanding Scope of Pharmacy Practice in Precision Medicine

This review aims to examine the relevance of understanding pharmacogenomics to develop precision medicine and the broadening role of pharmacy in this field. Pharmacogenomics, the study of genetic factors affecting drug action, has emerged as an essential component in clinical practice, thus providing individualized therapy. The paper aims to provide a background of pharmacogenomics, identify its current use in healthcare, and discuss the possibility of pharmacies incorporating and enhancing drug therapy. It considers such issues as pharmacogenomics/pharmacy bottlenecks, potential benefits, and consequences for patients, and the costs and responsibilities of the pharmacists and pharmaceutical organizations for pharmacogenomic-based treatments. The review's author provides suggestions for merging pharmacogenomics even more into clinical practice and pharmacy education.

The use of ice in economic and sociocultural practices of the population of Yakutia: traditions and modernity

The historical evolution of practices associated with the use of ice by the population of Yakutia in the period from mid-19th century until the present is being examined. The application of principles laid down in cryosophy and cryoanthropology, suggesting an increased interest in the “cold matters” of the Earth and in traditions of using their resource potential by indigenous peoples of the northern territories, became the methodological ground for the development of the topic. The research is based on the involvement of a complex of source materials, prima-rily including individual topics presented in ethnographic works, documents from archives of Irkutsk, Moscow, Olekminsk, Saint-Petersburg and Yakutsk, museum exhibits, and also the author’s field materials collected in 2017–2023 in various administrative regions (uluses) of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and in the city of Yakutsk. The carried-out work made it possible to demonstrate the practices of ice exploitation as an important adaptation mechanism for the population of the region. In this regard, it has been noted that ice played a significant role in satisfying a range of sanitary and hygienic needs; it acted as a construction and thermal insulation material, and was an essential component of economic practices, widely used in fishing, agriculture, logging and livestock rea-ring. It has been established that the ways of using ice have evolved significantly towards the present. In general, a decrease in the variety of applications and the importance of ice for the population of Yakutia has been re-vealed. At the same time, it has been concluded that ice remains critically important for providing the rural popula-tion of Yakutia with drinking water. At the same time, an increase in the leisure potential of ice exploitation has been observed; in combination with other cryogenic processes and phenomena, its position as one of the brands of the region is strengthening.

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Educational Indicators in the Dentistry Career of the University of Costa Rica

This study aimed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the educational indicators of students who enrolled in the dentistry program at the University of Costa Rica between 2015 and 2021. Records of 522 students were analyzed, considering variables such as gender, age at entry, nationality, marital status, children, place and type of high school attended, and course performance. Information was extracted from the Student Applications System, physical records, and the Civil Registry of Costa Rica. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to identify patterns and correlations between variables, and approval rates before and during the pandemic were evaluated. Seventy percent of the students were women, predominantly Costa Rican, aged between 19 and 23, from public high schools, and originating from the Greater Metropolitan Area. Terminal efficiency was zero due to the closure of clinical courses in 2020, which prevented the 2015 to 2017 cohorts from graduating within 12 semesters. The dropout rate was highest in the first and second semesters, with a progressive decrease in subsequent semesters. Most cohorts experienced delays, particularly in semesters 7-8 and 9-10. First-attempt approval rates increased in some service courses with virtualization during the pandemic, such as Intensive General Chemistry and Elementary Mathematics, but no difference was observed in the courses specific to the School of Dentistry. The COVID-19 pandemic had varying impacts on educational indicators, with virtualization improving performance in some theoretical courses while posing challenges in those with practical and clinical components.

Professional Satisfaction Among Students and Graduates from KAU Radiologic Sciences Program on Nuclear Medicine Technique Courses

Introduction: Nuclear medicine (NM) technologists must remain current with the latest advancements in radiopharmaceuticals, procedures, and diagnostic techniques. Therefore, educational programs must evolve to adequately prepare students both theoretically and practically for their future careers. Gathering student feedback is essential for enhancing course quality and ensuring high levels of student satisfaction. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate students’ perceptions of NM technique courses in King Abdulaziz University’s (KAU) Radiologic Sciences program. It focused on improving the learning experience and assessing the effectiveness of these courses in preparing students for a career in NM and licensure examinations. Methods: An online survey was distributed to current students and graduates of the KAU Radiologic Sciences BSc program, targeting those in their third year and beyond. The survey, developed using Google Forms, included 15 questions on demographics and professional satisfaction. Results: The survey included 46 participants, 56.5% of whom were female. Over 60% rated the theoretical content of the NM technique courses as excellent or good, indicating a positive perception. However, more than 50% rated the practical sessions as average, poor, or very poor, suggesting a need for improvement. This may correlate with over 50% feeling only average or poorly prepared for a career in NM. Interest in the NM modality or a master’s program was low, with only 8.7% expressing interest in NM compared to higher interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound, and 41.3% showing little to no interest in pursuing a master’s degree. Regarding the effectiveness of the courses for Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) exam preparation, 56.5% selected “not applicable,” indicating that they had not taken the SCFHS exam. In contrast, 21.8% rated the courses as effective, while 21.7% rated them as average or below. Overall, 56.5% reported satisfaction with the courses. Conclusion: Students were satisfied with the theoretical content, but the practical components need improvement. Many students felt only average or poorly prepared for a career in NM, likely due to limited hands-on experience, which may contribute to the low interest in NM careers or postgraduate degrees. To enhance the learning experience, more practical opportunities should be integrated into the curriculum. A follow-up survey should assess the impact of these changes on course quality and student interest in NM.

The library is open: a scoping review on queer representation in psychedelic research.

The intersection of queer identity and psychedelics has not been thoroughly explored by the research community, historically or in the present day. With growing access to legal psychedelic therapies, it is essential that queer psychedelic experiences are understood sufficiently by clinicians in order to provide the most safe and effective care possible. Psychedelics and queerness are intricately related, and there is strong interest in the use of psychedelics for healing and identity development among queer populations. However, the vast majority of the literature stigmatizes and problematizes queer psychedelic use. Therefore this scoping review seeks to explore the current and historical overlap between psychedelics and queerness in the academic literature. Specifically, this scoping review aims to understand the available academic literatures' treatment of the meaningful, non-pathologizing use of psychedelics within the queer community, and seeks to highlight the unique potential a queer lens and the queer experience can bring to the study of psychedelics. To do so, we asked what queer psychedelic experiences are reflected in the literature, who is being studied, what queer individuals' motivations are for using psychedelics, and a review of the impacts of queer psychedelic use discussed in the literature. Literature searches were performed in seven academic databases using a wide breadth of both queer-related and psychedelic-related keywords, which resulted in over thirty thousand resources being captured. After screening, a total of 18 resources were collected as representative of the meaningful overlap of psychedelics and queerness. Based on the findings and research gaps identified, this scoping review makes several recommendations regarding future directions psychedelic researchers and clinicians can pursue to better understand and benefit from the meaningful overlap of psychedelics and queerness. By reclaiming, redefining, and reimagining the meaningful relationship between psychedelics and the queer experience, this review helps move the scientific and clinical conversation into queerer spaces, centering queerness and queer experiences as an essential component of psychedelic research and practice.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Digital Models Generated Using Photogrammetry.

In contemporary clinical settings, three-dimensional (3D) models have become an integral component of daily practice. Photogrammetry, a novel method in clinical practice, enables the creation of precise 3D models from small objects while maintaining their original shape and size. To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of digital models (DM) generated using photogrammetry techniques compared to traditional gypsum models (GM) and to investigate the feasibility of utilizing free software for processing and manipulating digital dental models. The study employed a meticulous approach, utilizing specialized software tools to execute the photogrammetry process. Impressions of the maxillary arch were obtained from 50 subjects, and GM were meticulously crafted from these impressions. The subsequent step involved capturing detailed photographs of each GM from various angles, which were then processed using 3DF Zephyr Free® software by 3Dflow (Verona, Italy). This software, renowned for its semi-automatic functionality, facilitated the reconstruction process by seamlessly processing the uploaded photos. For the measurements, Blender®(Blender Institute B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands) - a sophisticated software in digital modeling and animation - was used. While digital calipers were employed to measure the GM, Blendersoftware was utilized to measure the DM. The results of the analysis, as evaluated by unpaired t-tests and volumetric assessments, revealed no significant discrepancies between the measurements obtained from the GM and the DM generated via photogrammetry. The findings underscore the efficacy of these software tools in ensuring accuracy and reliability in the digitization process.

Design of Two Compact Wideband Monopoles Through Loading with Linear Approximated Lumped Components.

In this paper, two ultra-wideband monopoles in a colinear structure are presented for application in remote terrestrial communication systems. The antennas consist of a loaded monopole with a hat and an elevated loaded monopole located in the upper position. All lumped loads are modeled as linear frequency-dependent components to approximate the practical component property for achieving ultra-wideband characteristics, since the constant value property of a component is only present in a relatively narrow band. The antennas are simulated by the method of moments (MoM) with asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) to speed up frequency sweep across a wide bandwidth. For proper simulation with the AWE process, the parallel RLC load with linear frequency-dependent components is modeled in a corresponding impedance function. With the optimized load parameters, one antenna covers 30-750 MHz with a VSWR < 3.5 and the other one covers 800 MHz-3000 MHz with a VSWR < 2.5, which are promising results for terrestrial omnidirectional applications.

Diagnostic Dilemmas: Anatomical Masquerades in Dental Radiographs – A Sri Lankan Perspicacity &amp;nbsp;

Dental radiographs are an essential component in routine dental practice. They serve multiple purposes such as aiding in the diagnosis, and exclusion of disease monitoring the progression or healing of lesions and observing the natural development of the dentition. Furthermore, they play a considerable role in medico-legal documentation. Dental radiographs are usually taken within the dental clinic and are not routinely reported by the radiologists. Instead, dental surgeons themselves use them for diagnostic purposes.Intra Oral Periapical radiographs, Upper Standard Occlusal radiographs, and Dental Panoramic Tomographs are frequently taken in dental practice despite their inherent limitations. Although there are better imaging techniques propitious in clinical practice, increased radiation exposure and higher cost, make them less utilized as a primary tool in day-to-day practice. Therefore, it is imperative to have a better knowledge of natural structures that are superimposed in dental radiographs. Instituting other investigations with thorough clinical assessment is highly recommended in doubtful cases.This mini review presents a series of radiographs where normal anatomical counterparts simulate pathology in them. All the presented cases were taken in Sri Lanka under the purview of the authors.

Pedagogical Principles as the Basis for Multiliteracy Assessment in Literature Learning in Higher Education

The two main topics covered in this paper are the pedagogical principles of multiliteracy as the cornerstone of successful assessment and the ideal forms of literariness in higher education teaching and learning. Evaluating multiliteracy is essential for showing that students have understood the material and proving that they can interact with many genres at the same degree of complexity. These evaluations are also essential for informing decisions about education and curriculum development. Assessments' design must incorporate practical educational concepts to convert theoretical frameworks into proper instruments that guarantee relevance, fairness, and accuracy. Assessments can create a learning environment that supports the development of critical professional skills by upholding solid pedagogical ideas. This study follows Borg and Gall's research and development (R&amp;D) approach, concentrating on the first two phases, Phase 1 (information collection and research) and Phase 2 (planning). It uses needs analysis and research data to direct the evaluation procedure. The results highlight the need to include practical pedagogical components, such as explicit knowledge transformation, real-world practice contexts, and reflective learning, in assessing multiliteracy in literary education. With a heavy emphasis on literary literacy, these guidelines guarantee that evaluations in literary education test critical thinking, creativity, and the capacity to comprehend and produce various types of literacy in addition to content knowledge.