Components Of Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Adherence to the healthy eating index-2010 and alternative healthy eating index-2010 in relation to metabolic syndrome among African Americans in the Jackson heart study.

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) scores were associated with incident metabolic syndrome. This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Jackson Heart Study. HEI and AHEI scores were divided into quintiles and Cox proportional hazards regression models were analysed for 1864 African American adults free from metabolic syndrome at Exam 1 to examine the incidence of metabolic syndrome by quintile of dietary quality score. Hinds, Madison and Rankin counties, Mississippi, USA. African American adults, ages 21-94 years, 60·9 % female. Over a mean follow-up time of 6·7 years, we observed 932 incident cases of metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for multiple covariates, a higher HEI score at Exam 1 was not associated with the risk of incident metabolic syndrome, except when looking at the trend analysis for the subgroup of adults with two metabolic syndrome components at Exam 1 (P-trend = 0·03). A higher AHEI score at Exam 1 was associated with the risk of incident metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio for those in the highest quintile compared to the lowest: 0·80 (95 % CI: 0·65, 0·99), P-trend = 0·03). These findings suggest that a dietary pattern that scores higher on the AHEI may help reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome, even for adults who already have two of the minimum of three components required for a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.

Longitudinal study on metabolic abnormalities and diabetes risk in normal-weight japanese adults.

Diabetes is a significant global health concern, with a growing prevalence in Japan. Individuals with normal body mass index who are metabolically unhealthy exhibit an elevated risk of diabetes onset. Investigating the relationship between Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-weight (MUNW) status and the risk of diabetes in non-diabetic individual is vital for implementing early preventive strategies. Using data from the NAGALA cohort, This study categorized 8,194 Japanese adults based on the score of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components they possessed. Cox proportional hazards regression models and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between MUNW and the risk of developing diabetes, with analyses stratified by age and sex. During an average follow-up of 7.19 years, 123 participants (1.5%) were diagnosed with diabetes. Among the participants, 766 (9.35%) were classified as MUNW, and 157 (1.92%) as having MetS. Compared to those with no MetS components, individuals with 1, 2, and ≥3 MetS components had progressively higher adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for developing diabetes, at 4.56, 8.79, and 25.16, respectively. Further stratified analysis revealed that men aged ≤40 years had the highest risk of developing diabetes. For men, the adjusted HRs for having 1, 2, and ≥3 MetS components were 5.61, 7.80, and 28.59, respectively, and for participants aged ≤40 years, the HRs were 12.31, 25.57, and 129.82, respectively. The prevalence of MUNW in non-diabetic individuals in Japan is 9.35%. The score of MetS components was positively correlated with the risk of diabetes. Early intervention and lifestyle modifications are crucial, especially for MUNW individuals and notably young Japanese men aged ≤40 years, for the prevention and management of diabetes.

Comparative analysis of dietary patterns in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be metabolically determined and alimentary condition, one of the components of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, dietary patterns of patients with different clinical types of the disease are worth to be studied . The aim of the research was to study the dietary patterns in patients with NAFLD and with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (group T2DM+) compared to the control group without T2DM (T2DM-). Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the database (n=316) of patients with NA FLD, formed in the period from 202 1 to 2023, was carried out. A total of 79 sex- and agem atched pairs of T2D+ and T2D- pat ients were selected for the case-control study. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis stage assessment was performed using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Actual nutrition was evaluated using a semi-quantitative method of assessing consumption frequency during a personal interview. Consumption of 100 grouped food items was assessed. Blood parameters characterizing lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were assessed. Results. Among patients with T2DM+, patients with NASH (24.1 vs 8.9%, p=0.005) and patients with severe liver fibrosis F3-F4 (32.9 vs 10.1%, p<0.0001) were significantly more common. There were no differences between the T2DM+ and T2DM- groups in energy consumption (1969 [1492; 3098] vs 1870 [1380; 2593] kcal/day; p=0.4), proteins (90.5 [71.5; 130.3] vs 81.0 [59.4; 116.0] g/day; p=0.1), fats (83.0 [66.7; 144.9] vs 78.8 [59.2; 116.4] g/day; p=0.3), carbohydrates (220 [156; 312] vs 209 [155; 282] g/day; p=0.9). The study of dietary patterns revealed greater consumption of meat and meat products (1.23 [0.84; 1.73] vs 0.96 [0.71; 1.37] times a day, p=0.03), fish and seafood (0.37 [0.17; 0.89] vs 0.27 [0.13; 0.51] times a day, p=0.01) in T2DM+ group. It was found that in patients with T2DM the intake of calories and the following nutrients from meat and meat products was more, then without: energy (289.6 [174.9; 420.3] vs 191.9 [148.2; 336.5] kcal/day, p=0.006), proteins (25.8 [17.2; 36.5] vs 18.6 [12.6; 29.6] g/day, p=0.008) and fats (18.9 [10.8; 31.4] g/day vs 13.7 [10.3; 23.6] g/day, p=0.01). Similar data was obtained for fish and seafood, with energy (59.7 [28.3; 117.3] vs 45.2 [20.5; 70.1] kcal/day, p=0.03), proteins (8.1 [6.9; 16.8] vs 6.3 [6.7; 10.2] g/day, p=0.02) and fats (3.0 [1.5; 6.4] vs 1.9 [0.9; 3.8] g/day, p=0.01) consumed more in T2DM+ group. Conclusion. In the traditional analysis of actual nutrition in NAFLD patients with and without T2DM, no significant differences were found. However, the structure of the patients' diet differs significantly due to meat and meat products, fish and seafood. The identified differences may indicate the need to change dietary recommendations for patients with T2DM, and may also become the basis for the development of innovative food for special dietary uses aimed at improving the quality of nutrition of patients and, as a result, remission of the underlying disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease prevalence and risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease in tertiary center.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in inflammatory bowel disease patients. This is a cross-sectional study conducted on adults with inflammatory bowel disease from 2019 to 2021. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease encompasses patients with steatosis and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. Patients with alcohol consumption ≥20 g/day, chronic liver diseases, or methotrexate use were excluded. Almost 140 patients were included: 67.1% were female, with a mean age of 49.7±13.7 years, and 63.6% had Crohn's disease. The mean duration of inflammatory bowel disease was 9.7±7.9 years. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease was observed in 44.3% and advanced liver fibrosis was excluded in 63.5% by Fibrosis-4. Patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease were older (p = 0.003) and had a higher number of metabolic syndrome components (2.9±1.1 versus 1.6±1.0; p<0.001), greater abdominal circumference (p<0.001), and body mass index (p<0.001). The only factor related to inflammatory bowel disease associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease was disease duration (11.6±9.5 versus 8.3±6.2; p = 0.017). A higher number of metabolic syndrome components and obesity increase by 2.2 times and an altered waist circumference by 2.6 times the occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. A high prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease was observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, with the main risk factors being associated with metabolic syndrome predicting it, but not with inflammatory bowel disease features and/or its treatment.

The effect of bariatric-metabolic surgery on selected components of metabolic syndrome and visceral adipose tissue - the pilot study.

The aim of this study was to monitor changes in the components of the metabolic syndrome defined by Adult Treatment Panel III and the risk of adipose tissue. The study population consisted of 45 patients (30 women, 15 men) who underwent one bariatric procedure - partial jejuno-ileal derivation (n=17), sleeve resection (n=14) or laparoscopic gastric - plication (n=14). Components of metabolic syndrome such as waist circumference, morning glycemia/antihypertension, TAG, HDL cholesterol and blood pressure (BP)/antihypertension were monitored in probands. In addition, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorciometry measurements were performed. Parameters were monitored over the course of one year. The study shows that it is an effective method of weight reduction for the study population with metabolic effects in the risk components of metabolic syndrome - fasting glycemia, increase in HDL cholesterol and reduction in triacylglycerols in the blood, reduction in waist circumference and BP or direct disappearance of metabolic syndrome. Significantly, of the entire cohort, 68.9 % of the probands studied showed signs of metabolic syndrome when measured before the intervention. At the end of follow-up, only 22.2 % of probands showed metabolic syndrome. It was also found that if the amount of visceral fat was reduced, the overall risk of metabolic syndrome was also reduced. The study demonstrates a significant positive effect of bariatric surgery on parameters of metabolic syndrome. The study also showed a positive effect of reduced visceral fat volume on the components of metabolic syndrome.

Respiratory Function, Physical Capacity, and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Combustible Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products Users: a Five-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is the fourth leading cause of death in Kazakhstan. Cigarette smoking is a prevalent risk factor for COPD. While quitting smoking is the preferred way to reduce COPD risk, literature suggests that heated tobacco products (HTP) might be a better option for people who cannot quit smoking. The aim of this paper was to analyze the long-term effects of shifting to HTP use in long- term smokers compared to continued combustible cigarettes (CC) use. Patients and methods: A cohort of 1200 participants (393 HTP and 807 CC) aged 40-59 years with a minimum of 10 pack-year smoking history were recruited and followed for five years. The functional outcomes compared between HTP, CC users and No-Smokers (NS, people who stopping smoking) included: (1) COPD Assessment Test (CAT); (2) post-bronchodilator lung function; (3) 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) test; and (4) metabolic syndrome components. Multivariable linear mixed models (MIXED) were used to compare functional outcomes between visits and to test associations between health outcomes and smoking type (HTP vs. CC vs. NS) over time. Results: Out of 1200 participants 830 (466 CC users, 248 HTP users and 116 No-Smokers) remained in the study by the fifth year of follow up. Linear mixed models showed HTP use was associated with better CAT scores and HDL cholesterol level compared to CC users. Lung function (FVC) decrease was significantly less in HTP users. FEV, 6MWD, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure significantly changes over time, but without between-group difference in dynamic. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that HTP users experienced it to a significantly lesser decrease in lung function by FVC compared to CC users over time (in time dependent model), while demonstrating better stable levels in other functional outcomes. The results of this study suggest that HTP might be a less deleterious alternative compared to CC in people with long history of CC use and who cannot quit smoking.

ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА ОЖИРЕНИЯ И МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОГО СИНДРОМА У ПОДРОСТКОВ

Obesity is one of the urgent problems of the healthcare system. Despite a large number of studies, the issue of risk factors for this condition, as well as the associated metabolic syndrome, remains relevant to date. Also interesting is the question of analyzing risk factors in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and without them. The purpose of the study was to study risk factors in adolescents with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The study examines the role of perinatal factors, heredity, peculiarities of eating behavior, the role of psychological status and microsocia. It was shown that perinatal factors (complicated course of pregnancy and childbirth), problems of early breast-feeding (previously artificial feeding, perinatal damage of the central nervous system, anemia, rickets), as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular and endocrine pathology (obesity, diabetes mellitus 1 type) had all obese adolescents, regardless of the presence of metabolic syndrome; the peculiarities of the nutritional status (food with a lot of carbohydrates and refined fats, protein deficiency) in combination with physical inactivity and the formation of an unhealthy lifestyle were noted in all examined adolescents. Psychological problems, such as a high level of anxiety, low self-esteem, social phobia, violation of personal perception and motivation, as well as pathology of the microsocial environment, that is, family problems prevailed in adolescents with obesity and components of metabolic syndrome. The identified features should be taken into account when developing prevention and rehabilitation programs for overweight and obese patients.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN COOKIES TAPE KETAN HITAM DAN EDUKASI GIZI TERHADAP PENURUNAN BERAT BADAN PADA REMAJA GEMUK

Black glutinous tape contains anthocyanins and has antioxidant activity as well as fiber. Consumption of black glutinous tape at least &gt;11.5grams a day can prevent the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. One of the components of metabolic syndrome is the accumulation of fat around the waist (central obesity). The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of giving black glutinous rice tape cookies and nutritional education on weight loss in obese adolescents. The research design used quasi-experiments before and post-test two groups, by comparing the change in body weight between subjects who were given black tape cookies and subjects who were given nutrition education. The research was conducted in August-September 2017 at SMAN 2 and 3 Cimahi. The population is all students who are obese based on the BMI/U indicator of a Z score value of&gt;+1. The minimum sample size in each group was 21. The study showed that there was an average weight decrease in the group given black glutinous rice tape cookies (0.53+1.41kg) and in the group given nutrition education (0.43+1.40kg). Based on statistical tests, there was no difference in weight before and after the intervention (p&gt;0.05). Giving black glutinous rice tape cookies and providing nutrition education for one month to obese teenagers can lead to weight loss, but this has not been statistically proven. Further research is needed on the provision of sticky rice tape cookies with various weights and with a longer period of time so that the impact of weight loss on obese teenagers can be observed.

Dyslipidaemia is associated with Cutibacterium acnes hip and knee prosthetic joint infection.

Optimization of medical factors including diabetes and obesity is a cornerstone in the prevention of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Dyslipidaemia is another component of metabolic syndrome which has not been thoroughly investigated as an individual, modifiable risk factor. This study examined the association of dyslipidaemia with PJI caused by the lipophilic microbe Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). A retrospective chart review examined patients with positive C. acnes culture at hip or knee arthroplasty explantation. A control group with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) positive cultures at explantation was matched for age, sex, and surgical site, as well as a second control group with no infection. A total of 80 patients were included, 16 with C. acnes, 32 with MSSA, and 32 with no infection. All patients had a lipid panel performed within oneyear of surgery. Lipid values and categories were compared using multinomial logistic regressions. High or borderline triglycerides (TG) (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 0.13; P = 0.013) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (RRR = 0.13; P = 0.025) were significantly associated with C. acnes PJI compared to MSSA-PJI. High or borderline TG (RRR = 0.21; P = 0.041) and low HDL (RRR = 0.17; P = 0.043) were also associated with a greater probability of C. acnes infection compared to no infection. The presence of elevated TG and low HDL were both associated at a statistically significant level with C. acnes hip or knee PJI compared to controls with either MSSA PJI or no infection. This may represent a specific risk factor for C. acnes PJI that is modifiable.

Metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive review

Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) includes several components like diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia etc. Every patient should undergo detailed assessment for the silent presence of the components of metabolic syndrome. Genetic predisposition, increased nutrient- dense food, decreased physical activity and chronic stress are common in metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance, obesity and hyperglycaemia are commonly seen which can later lead to serious consequences like cardiovascular complications, thrombotic events etc. Clinical features depend on the components of the metabolic syndrome in a patient. Some may present with complications and advanced disease. For non-diabetic individuals, oral glucose tolerance test is indicated. It is better to study serum uric acid level and to screen for silent kidney stones. Specific drugs are prescribed as indicated. Drugs for stress and insomnia are also prescribed. Thrombotic status of the patient should be considered, and antiplatelet drugs are prescribed if risk factors are present. Non-pharmacological measures like diet modification and increased physical activity should be given on a priority basis. Patient compliance of these two measures should be monitored regularly. Future deployment of “artificial intelligence – powered” predictive diagnostic tests will help in detecting and controlling metabolic syndrome. “At risk” individuals and patients showing some components of metabolic syndrome should undergo full investigations to detect other components of metabolic syndrome. Full range of therapeutic drugs, diet modification and increased physical activity should be prescribed.

Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk

BackgroundLimited data are available on metabolic syndrome and its relation to breast cancer risk in Egypt. We aimed to study metabolic syndrome and its individual components as risk of breast cancer.MethodsThis case–control study recruited 112 breast cancer cases and 112 age-matched controls from Assiut University. In addition to demographic, clinical, and anthropoemetric characteristics, blood samples were collected from both study groups to evaluate metabolic syndrome and its individual components.ResultsMean age of breast cancer cases and control groups was 46.10 ± 4.34 and 45.66 ± 4.68 years, respectively. According to Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria for clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in all participants was 42.9%, and prevalence in breast cancer cases and control group was 57.14% and 28.6%, respectively, OR 33.33, 95% CI (1.91–5.81). BMI was more likely to be higher in breast cancer patients with a linear trend, p < 0.001. For individual components of metabolic syndrome, breast cancer cases were more likely to have high fasting blood glucose level, systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure, high triglycerides level, and low HDL-C as compared to the control group.ConclusionMetabolic syndrome and its components were found to be associated with the risk of breast cancer. We believe that prevention or reversal of metabolic syndrome by raising community awareness for lifestyle changes could be an effective way in minimizing the toll of the disease.

Monograph on the Use of Herbs to Address Metabolic Syndrome

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome is a collection of symptoms that have become an issue on a global scale. While allopathic medicine can address the downstream symptoms, the metabolic pathways that are the root cause of the syndrome can be managed using herbs. MethodsCriteria for the syndrome were set by the World Health Organization. Suggested herbs are taken from World Health Organization monographs, the British Pharmacopoeia, the United States Pharmacopoeia and the National Formulary, the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Herbs are cross-referenced with the primary literature when possible. Dietary recommendations and supplements are mentioned tangentially; however, they are not the intended focus of this monograph. ResultsHyperglycemia is considered a principal component and driver of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance, glycolysis, and insulin production can all be affected by herbs. Lipid metabolism occurs primarily in the liver; liver function can be enhanced using herbs. Inflammation caused by a hyperglycemic state can also be managed using herbs and reduced the progression of associated diseases. Since glycolysis and energy production occur in the mitochondria, supporting mitochondrial health with herbs is critical to positively affecting metabolic syndrome. ConclusionsBy using herbs to manage hyperglycemia, inflammation, liver congestion, and mitochondrial health, metabolic syndrome can be slowed, stopped, or even reversed.

Association of serum uric acid Levels with metabolic syndromes in Korean adolescents.

The study findings investigated uric acid reference values and their association with a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the KNHANES database from 2016 to 2018, involving a total of 2,462 participants aged between 10 and 18 years. Based on age- and sex-specific percentile curves for serum uric acid (SUA) levels from the KNHANES, we examined the correlation between cardiometabolic risk factors and serum uric acid levels. The percentile values of SUA varied with sex and age. In male subjects, SUA levels tended to increase from 10 to 14 years of age and plateaued after 14 years of age. Moreover, the overall uric acid level in females was found to be lower than that in males; the levels tended to increase at approximately 10 to 12 years old but were relatively consistent according to age. Mean uric acid levels increased according to obesity status in both males and females. However, correlation analysis revealed that SUA levels were associated with several metabolic risks even after adjusting for obesity. The detailed metabolic syndrome (MetS) components that were observed to be associated with an increase in uric acid levels were different between males and females, but overall, high uric acid levels increased MetS risk. Additionally, a significant increase in MetS-related odds ratio (OR) for components, including waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG) levels, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), was observed. However, differences between sexes were apparent, with a more pronounced increase in OR based on SUA levels in girls. SUA levels were closely associated with MetS and its components, even in nonobese subjects. Therefore, high SUA levels in children and young adolescents should be closely monitored to prevent MetS.

Physical activity and its impact on cardiovascular health in pediatric kidney transplant recipients

BackgroundCardiovascular (CV) morbidity after kidney transplantation (KTx) in childhood is of increasing importance. In light of a high prevalence of CV risk factors, protective measures such as physical activity (PA) come into focus. Our aim was to comprehensively assess PA in pediatric KTx recipients and evaluate its impact on CV health.MethodsForty-eight patients were assessed for frequency, duration, intensity, and setting of PA using the “Motorik–Modul” PA questionnaire. Walking-based activity was measured by accelerometer in a subgroup (n = 23). CV risk factors and subclinical CV organ damage were determined. The impact of PA on CV parameters was analyzed using linear regression models.ResultsFifty-two percent of pediatric KTx recipients did not reach WHO recommended PA level; 54% did not engage in PA with vigorous intensity (VPA). Twenty-nine percent indicated an extremely inactive lifestyle (< 120 min/week of moderate to vigorous intensity PA, MVPA). Compared to the healthy German KiGGS cohort, KTx recipients specifically lacked engagement in sport activities (KTx: 129 min/week; 95%CI, 97–162 vs. KiGGS, 242 min/week; 95%CI, 230–253). VPA was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (p = 0.024) and resting heart rate (p = 0.005), MVPA with fewer components of the post-transplant metabolic syndrome (p = 0.037), and better left ventricular diastolic function (p = 0.006).ConclusionsA considerable lack of PA, especially VPA, exists in young KTx recipients. PA was positively associated with important parameters of CV health. While long-term CV protection through PA seems promising in pediatric KTx recipients, specific educational approaches are most likely needed to increase patients’ engagement in sport activities.Graphical abstractA higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information

Impact of albuminuria on early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based study.

Early-onset diabetes mellitus has a significant lifetime burden and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Since insulin resistance is one of the mechanisms of podocyte injury, we aimed to evaluate the effect of albuminuria on newly developed early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We screened 6,891,399 subjects aged ≥20 and <40 years without a history of prediabetes or diabetes from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2009 and 2012. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the impact of albuminuria on early-onset T2DM. Among a total of 5,383,779 subjects, 62,148 subjects (1.2%) developed early-onset diabetes over 7.3 ± 1.2 years. Albuminuria was significantly associated with early-onset T2DM (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-1.70) after adjustment for age, sex, anthropometric data, physical exercise status, serum glucose, and total cholesterol. The risk of early-onset T2DM increased more in subjects with more components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Among each component of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia was prominently associated with early-onset T2DM (aHR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.81-2.25) in subjects with albuminuria. Dipstick albuminuria was significantly associated with early-onset T2DM in young adult populations. Close monitoring of albuminuria is warranted for disease risk modification, especially in subjects with MetS.

Metabolic Syndrome Components in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma.

Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors of the anterior portion of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis), representing the 25% of all the tumor alterations. Pituitary adenomas are classified by the type of hormone secreted, cellularity, size, and structural alterations by the hormonal segregation. The diagnosis consists on the histopathological identification of cell types and the image-guided by magnetic resonance or tomography; the treatment can be both pharmacological and surgical. Metabolic Syndrome is the set of clinical conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases with an estimated prevalence of 25% worldwide. The alterations of metabolic syndrome are obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus type II. Pituitary adenomas and metabolic syndrome have an important relationship, hormone-secreting by pituitary adenomas affects a myriad of signaling pathways, which allows a favorable environment for the appearance of the metabolic syndrome. Moreover, patients with pituitary adenomas are shown to have an improvement in metabolic parameters after the medical/surgical treatment. The objective of this review is to explore the possible mechanisms through which PAs contributes to MetSx.

Pancreatic steatosis is an independent risk factor for post-transplant diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant patients.

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with an increased risk of post-transplant cardiovascular diseases, and several risk factors of PTDM have been shown in the literature. Yet, the relationship between hepatic and pancreatic steatosis with post-transplant diabetes mellitus remains vague. We aimed to evaluate pancreatic steatosis, a novel component of metabolic syndrome, and hepatic steatosis association with post-transplant diabetes mellitus in a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted on kidney transplant recipients. We have performed a single-center retrospective cohort study involving all kidney transplant recipients. We have utilized pretransplant Fibrosis-4, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, and abdominal computed tomography for the assessment of visceral steatosis status. We have included 373 kidney transplant recipients with a mean follow-up period of 32 months in our final analysis. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus risk is associated with older age (p<.001), higher body-mass index (p<.001), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-fibrosis score (p=.002), hepatic (p<.001) or pancreatic (p<.001) steatosis on imaging and higher pre-transplant serum triglyceride (p=.003) and glucose levels (p=.001) after multivariate analysis. Our study illustrates that recipients' pancreatic steatosis is an independent predictive factor for post-transplant diabetes mellitus including in kidney transplant patients.

Evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes obesos atendidos en un hospital de Nivel III de Posadas- Misiones

Argentina suffers from an epidemic of non-communicable chronic diseases and a population with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly obesity. In this work, the cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents who attended a level III hospital in the city of Posadas, between September 2018 and January 2020, was studied. Eightyone patients were included, age 10 (2-15) years; 51% female. Body mass index was calculated, blood pressure was measured and serum HDLc, LDLc, triglycerides and glucose were determined. A questionnaire was completed on family history of cardiovascular disease, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption. The presence of metabolic syndrome (SAP) according to Argentine Pediatric Society criteria and cardiovascular risk (Alustiza´s score) were identified and the relationship between them was established. Results: severe obesity: 43 (53%) patients; biochemical or clinical family history 27 individuals (33%); insufficient physical activity: 57 (70%) patients; tobacco and/or alcohol consumption: absent; blood pressure &amp;gt;p95: 11 individuals (14%). Fifty one patients (63%) had some dyslipidemia, 4 (5%) had hyperglycemia; metabolic syndrome was observed in 26 (32%) and 25 (31%) at medium/high cardiovascular (CV) risk. No association was found between CV risk by Alustiza score and metabolic syndrome. Since the pediatric population has cardiovascular risk factors and components of metabolic syndrome, it is important to search for and validate scores to measure this risk.

HbA1c of 5.8% or higher as the most useful indicator for recommendation of ultrasonography to detect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with metabolic syndrome. This study was performed to examine the association between NAFLD and each factor of metabolic syndrome and to identify the factors that are most strongly associated with NAFLD in participants undergoing health checkups. We studied 6538 participants who underwent a health checkup from 2017 to 2018 in our institution. Participants with alcohol intake exceeding 20 g/day or with other chronic liver diseases were excluded. Fatty liver was detected by ultrasonography. In total, 4310 participants were enrolled, and 28.4% had fatty liver (NAFLD). The prevalence of NAFLD was highest in the diabetes mellitus (DM)-only group than in the dyslipidemia-only or hypertension-only group. The DM-only group was the only group whose prevalence of NAFLD was >50% in the overall study and in males. The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in males than in females in the DM-only, hypertension-only, and dyslipidemia-only groups. The prevalence of NAFLD was >70% in the dyslipidemia and DM combined group. Multivariate analysis showed that gender and HbA1c were the independent factors most strongly associated with NAFLD. The cutoff value for HbA1c by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 5.8% (sensitivity, 57.9%; specificity, 72.6%; area under the curve, 0.70). NAFLD was most strongly associated with DM, among the various components of metabolic syndrome. We strongly recommend abdominal ultrasonography to detect NAFLD in patients with an HbA1c of ≥5.8% in general practice and during health checkups.

The Association Between Short Sleep Duration and Metabolic Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.

Short sleep duration and quality are increasingly common in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and has been linked to metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This study aimed to examine the link between short sleep duration and metabolic syndrome. We conducted a case-control study using data from Qatar Biobank, with 1000 participants categorized into two groups: less than 7 hours of sleep (n=500) and 7 or more hours of sleep (n=500). Metabolic syndrome was defined using WHO criteria, and logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender. There was a higher proportion of individuals with MetS in the short sleep duration group compared to the normal sleep duration group (22.8% vs 15.8%, respectively). The multivariable regression showed that short sleep duration was associated with metabolic syndrome (OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.14-3.20, P=0.014) and having 1-2 components of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.14-3.20, P=0.014), particularly in males (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.07-4.94, P=0.032). Being overweight (OR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.30-3.63, P=0.003) was also associated with a shorter sleep duration. BMI was identified as the main contributor to the association between short sleep duration and metabolic syndrome, while diabetes played a minor role. Short sleep duration was associated with metabolic syndrome in Qatar, particularly in males.