Electric sharing mobility services (ESMS) are gaining popularity as a promising solution for green transport. For sustainable mobility planning, it is important to understand the factors affecting the use behavior of ESMS and the substitution patterns of conventional transport modes. To that end, we carried out a stated preference experiment to elicit travel preference toward ESMS considering various alternatives, contexts, and traveler characteristics. Results from a scaled error component model applied to a large sample of respondents from four European countries (France, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain) show that ESMS have the potential to reduce dependency on private cars. While heterogeneity is found across countries, people at young ages, highly educated, with high income, and living in city centers are commonly associated with a higher probability of adopting ESMS for urban mobility. The substitution patterns reveal a relatively lower preference for ESMS from private car users compared to users of public transport and active modes. Operational implications are discussed for sharing mobility planners and operators to avoid unintended substitution effects.