Component Elements Research Articles

Non-ferrous metal of the Bronze Age of Northern Kazakhstan: geochemical characteristics and ore base

The chemical composition of 29 copper and bronze artifacts from the sites of the Petrovka and Alakul Cultures located be-tween the Tobol and Ishim Rivers (the burial grounds of Bekteniz and Dzhangildy 5, and the sites of Novonikolskoye 1 and Semioz-ernoye 2; Northern Kazakhstan) were analysed using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma and laser ablation. The sites are 14C dated to the interval between the 19th–17th centuries BC. In the examined sample, the leading metallurgical group with a slight prevalence in both Petrovka and Alakul metals was “pure” copper; the second part of the metal was represented by tin bronzes — low-alloyed (up to 8 wt.% Sn) in the Petrovka, and high-alloyed (Sn up to 21 wt.%) in the Alakul Culture. The statistical analysis of the main components of trace elements in the metal demonstrated a division into six main geochemical groups. Among these, tin bronzes with an uninterpretable copper component (10 specimens), “pure” copper of Ural origin with Fe-Co-Ni-As-Zn correlations (9 specimens), and “pure” copper with polymetallic Sn-Pb-As-Ag-Se specialization (10 copies), corresponding to the ores of copper deposits of the Kokshetau anticlinorium, can be identified. An overview of the tectonic structures of Northern Ka-zakhstan shows the nearby presence of several porphyry copper and skarn deposits with ancient mines (Imantau, Baksinskoye, Akkan-Burlukskoye, etc.), which likely served as sources of copper ore. Closely associated with these are Greisen and quartz-vein-greisen tin deposits, but there is no reliable information about their use in ancient times. According to the composition of tin alloys in the analysed metal, two main types can be distinguished: tin (without correlation with other impurity elements) when using pure cassiterite, and tin-lead (with increased concentrations and correlation of As, Au, Bi, etc.) when using cassiterite-sulfide ores. The data show the association of the Bronze Age sites of Northern Kazakhstan with the ore and raw materials base in this region, and the intensity of trade exchange of metallurgical products between the Ural and Kazakhstan centers of metal production.

Transpositional transformations of the adverbialized instrumental case of a name in the nuclear adverbs’ zone

INTRODUCTION. The study of the transitivity and syncretism’s phenomena at different levels of the language system is one of the urgent modern linguistics’ tasks. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a the stages’ and limits’ comprehensive analysis of the substantive word forms’ adverbial transposition, as well as the interaction features of grammatical and semantic in syncrets representing different stages of adverbialization. The purpose of the study is to deduce the signs and the limit of the functional–semantic transposition of the creative case without a preposition into the adverbs class.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material used is sentences from the National Corpus of the Russian Language and the authors’ own examples. In the course of the analysis of linguistic units, methods of oppositional analysis and indexing, elements of component, transformational and distributive analysis are used.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. When analyzing the types of substantive word forms’ use in the adverbialization context different degrees (stages) of their departure from nouns and approximation to adverbs are revealed. The focus is on word forms such as “next”, explicating the core zone of the substantive adverbs.CONCLUSION. When indexing the functional and semantic adverbialization degrees of the word form “next”, it is found that it demonstrates in the area of the core of adverbs 0 % compliance with the original nuclear noun and 73 % compliance with the substantive nuclear adverbs (“gift”). The results obtained can be used in the quantitative study of the adverbialization degrees of other nonprepositional nouns’ forms in the Russian language, as well as in the general problems development of the transposition and syncretism theory.

On the Systematic Method of Scientific and Legal Research

Relevance. Methods of scientific cognition of legal reality are a reliable condition, a means of theoretical research of legal norms, legal relations, methods, techniques and means of legal regulation, measures of legal responsibility and other legal phenomena. There is no unity of opinion in Russian legal science about the legal nature, content and components of the method of scientific thinking and cognition. Legal publications and their own professional experience show that, unfortunately, law students and even teachers are not fully aware of the existence, specifics and operation of cognitive methods, means and techniques. The organizers of legal education and representatives of legal science have an urgent task to initiate the interest of lawyers in this extremely important issue and help them master the necessary methodological knowledge of the legal world.Purpose: to find out the features, purpose and content of the systematic method of legal cognition.Objectives: to investigate and clarify the concept of the method and methodology of legal scientific cognition, the features of the systemic epistemological method in jurisprudence.Methodology. In the course of the study of the designated topic, such general scientific and private scientific research methods as historical, logical, formal legal, systemic and comparative legal methods were used.Results. As a result of the conducted research, it turned out that if the methods of scientific cognition are methods, techniques, means and principles of theoretical cognition, then epistemological methodology is a universal teaching about the techniques (methods and means) of scientific cognition applied on the basis of achievements in the field of philosophy, political science, sociology, economic theory, psychology and jurisprudence.Conclusions. Systematic approach to the studied object (subject, phenomenon), the identification of systemic connections between its individual components (elements), the establishment of patterns and features of their connections with the external environment, other systems in nature, society and legal reality.

A novel adsorbent based electroplating sludge – rice husk char for removal of methylene blue and ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution

The adsorbent based electroplating sludge and rice husk char (CR) was prepared by ultrasonication method for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water. The characteristics of adsorbent such as surface morphology, specific surface area, functional groups, element components was confirmed by SEM, BET, FT-IR, XRD and EDX. The results showed the adsorbent is porous structure with BET surface area of 175.22 m2/g, most of pore width belonged meso section. Removal effectiveness of MB and CIP were 99.89% and 74.96%, respectively after 90 min of adsorption. The experiment was implemented with the mockup model containing of methylene blue and ciprofloxacin in NH3.

A SPECIALTY LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS

Within the industrial standard 4.0, predictive maintenance has an essential role in production activities, by increasing equipment uptime and decreasing maintenance costs. Predictive maintenance monitors assets through sensors for optimal planning of maintenance operations to keep assets functional. In this paper, the authors perform an analysis of predictive maintenance system, proposed in the specialized literature, highlighting their component elements.

Using British and American аdvertising texts in teaching English to students of a technical University

The article analyzes one of the modern trends in the methodology of teaching foreign languages – the use of combined and text advertising as a means of teaching English at a technical university. Advertising texts contain a wealth of material about cultural realities, reflect the value system of a foreign-speaking society, thus providing access to information about traditions, customs, historical facts and much more. Due to this, they can be used as one of the most effective resources in teaching foreign languages. Such texts can be used in a variety of educational situations for various purposes. Advertising texts are suitable for solving a wide range of methodological problems. The subject of this article is to study the use of advertising texts in foreign language lessons. The following methods were used in the work: descriptive, the method of contextual analysis, elements of component and logical-semantic analysis, the method of field structuring, as well as pedagogical methods. The scientific novelty of the research results is determined by an integrated approach to the study of vocabulary of an advertising text, taking into account its phonetic, grammatical and morphological characteristics. This study defines the role of advertising texts for society at the present time, lists and describes the main components of an effective advertising text, as well as the linguistic means used by advertisers to increase the effectiveness of advertising texts. The article presents examples of lexical, stylistic and grammatical techniques based on the material of American and English advertising texts of popular brands. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results obtained in lexical practice, as an educational material in English classes. These materials will help the teacher to diversify and modernize the content of practical English classes at a technical university.

Trends in the development of aluminum alloys for power elements of aviation egineering components within russia and abroad. Review.

Trends in the development of aluminum alloys for power elements of aviation egineering components within russia and abroad. Review.

Trends in the development of aluminum alloys for power elements of aviation egineering components within Russia and abroad. Review

Trends in the development of aluminum alloys for power elements of aviation egineering components within Russia and abroad. Review

Green synthesis and characterizations of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera extract for improved performance in dye-sensitized solar cell

In this study, Moringa oleifera extract was used for the green synthesis of magnetic Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle. Natural dye from air-dried Carica papaya leaves was used as sensitizer along with commercially obtainable N719 Ruthenium dye. The optical absorptions between 350 and 650 nm confirmed the formation of the nanoparticle. After adding the nanoparticle to the TiO2 and loading it with dye, the absorbance in the visible range dramatically increased. The formation and stabilization of the nanoparticle may have been aided by the functional groups, according to the FTIR results. With an average crystallite size of 35.13 nm, the XRD patterns demonstrated the nanoparticle's crystalline nature. The morphologies of the nanoparticle demonstrated that it was well-formed and homogeneously dispersed. The presence of iron and other component elements was confirmed by the EDX spectra. The production of 40.83 nm-sized nanoparticles on average was further verified by the TEM micrograph, and the samples' crystallographic planes were identified by the SAED patterns. The photo-electrochemical performance of the DSSCs showed that the efficiencies increased significantly with percentage increase of 90.1% and 89.3% for Carica papaya and Ruthenium dyes, respectively. The green-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticle exhibited good properties for application in DSSC.

Dynamic simulation of the differential gear in road vehicles

The differential gear is a mechanism that is part of the kinematic chain of the vehicle’s transmission. The differential gear has the role of dividing the self-propulsion power flow received from the main drive into two branches, each transmitted to a drive wheel, giving them the possibility to rotate with different angular velocities, depending on the driving conditions. The present work presents the possibilities of computer-aided design and 3D modeling of the main drive and differential gear, respectively the bevel pinion, the crown wheel, the planet pinions and the satellites, using Autodesk Inventor Professional. The 3D model of the main drive - differential gear assembly, considered as a mechanism, was subjected to a dynamic study, using the Dynamic Simulation module. This involves the modeling of the kinematic couplings, the definition of the drive movement parameters and the external loads, respectively the graphical visualization of the kinematic and kinetostatic results for the various components of the mechanism, in real operating conditions, during a kinematic cycle. At the same time, based on the obtained results, the analysis by the finite element method of the most critical component elements, under straight-line driving and turning conditions, is presented.

Local-orbital ptychography for ultrahigh-resolution imaging.

Technical advances paired with developments in methodology have enabled electron microscopy to reach atomic resolution. Further improving the information limit in microscopic imaging requires further improvements in methodology. Here we report a ptychographic method that describes the object as the sum of discrete atomic-orbital-like functions (for example, Gaussian functions) and the probe in terms of aberration functions. Using this method, we realize an improved information limit of microscopic imaging, reaching down to 14 pm. High-quality probes and objects contribute to superior signal-to-noise ratios at low electron doses, allowing for relaxation of the sample thickness restriction to 50 nm for dense materials. Additionally, our method has the capability to decompose the total phase into element components, revealing that the information limit is element dependent. With enhanced spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio and thickness threshold compared with conventional ptychography methods, our local-orbital ptychography may find applications in atomic-resolution imaging of metals, ceramics, electronic devices or beam-sensitive material.

Strategy Formation Conceptual Model in Digital Transformation of Fashion Retail Organizations

This research was conducted to introduce the conceptual model of digital transformation strategy formation in clothing retail organizations. The qualitative research method was based on the Many Foundations Data Theory approach. Using CASP, the quality of the input articles was reviewed from 37 articles, in the second part of the many databases strategy, the semi-structured interview method was conducted with 17 experts and senior managers of clothing retail organizations, and its validity was confirmed by the Launched method and the Kappa agreement coefficient. Using the combination of empirical and theoretical grounding, 73 codes were extracted in the form of 23 themes in the form of three main components of decision-making drivers, decision-making elements, and strategic decision-making consequences of digital transformation in clothing retailing, finally with a round-trip and enrichment process. The theory, the strategic decision-making model of digital transformation in Iran's clothing retail was designed.

Improving the quality of life of the community through the regional literacy movement

This study investigates the relationship between the literacy movement and the quality of human life with the main aim to improve the quality of life of local communities through literacy programs initiated by local governments. Local governments must have regional regulations that regulate the implementation of education based on regional literacy movements to provide guidelines to the community in carrying out activities to improve the quality of life and welfare of local communities. This research was conducted using the literature review method with data on literacy movements that have been carried out in areas published in national journals. Improving the quality of life of the community can be done by measuring CLDI (Community Literacy Development Index) by involving two components, namely: the Community Literacy Building Element (CLBE) component and the Community Aspect (CA) component. The study found that there is a correlation between the results of good CLDI measurements and the improved quality of life of the community. Good CLDI results were obtained through regional literacy movements carried out massively in local government institutions, including: Library and Archives Office, Education and Culture Office, Community and Village Empowerment Office.

Non-stationary load measurement using six-component strain-gauge balances

A novel method using six-component strain-gauge balances has been proposed to solve an important mechanics problem in aircraft model wind tunnel testing – measuring the non-stationary force and moment vectors. A physical model is at the method’s core: the sensitive elements of each balance component are replaced by damped springs. This model measures arbitrary non-stationary loads over the entire frequency range of the balance, including the natural frequency. The problem is solved for the general case of a non-inertial balance coordinate system. The standard deviation of the proposed method for measuring non-stationary loads did not exceed 2.8%. The proposed method solves a second problem – measuring object mass and the positions of its centre of mass and moments of inertia with respect to three mutually perpendicular axes. The method is experimentally verified. An estimation of the frequency range of the strain-gauge balance for measuring non-stationary loads was made using the developed method.

A Study on the Perception of Local Characteristics in Cultural Street Vending Spaces, Taking Xi’an Baxian Temple as an Example

The mode of urban renewal in China has changed from incremental expansion to a value-added stage, and the development of cities has increasingly focused on the human experience and quality improvement. However, Cultural Street Vending and the unique street spaces in the historic districts that bear important connotations to the city have shown a trend of rapid decline and even disappearance. Therefore, how to identify the characteristics and connotations of such street vending spaces, grasp the relationship between perception of locality and built environment elements in different states and formulate targeted protection and renewal strategies is presently an urgent problem to be solved. Many studies have now discussed in detail the identification of elements, street perception and preservation strategies for historic districts. However, the Cultural Street Vending space, which carries special urban memory connotations, has been neglected, especially the characterisation of this type of space in different time dimensions. This paper takes the Cultural Street Vending space as a research object and focuses on the perceptual differences between its market day and non-market day, aiming at grasping the perceptual characteristics and constituent elements of this type of street space in different time states, as well as the patterns of changes they undergo. This paper took the Baxian Temple, a typical Cultural Street Vending space in a historic district of Xi’an, as the research object and took 30 architecture students as the evaluators to score 33 pairs of adjectives and recall the elements of nine streets. This paper compared and analysed the differences in the structure of people’s psychological perception of the street in the state of market day and non-market day by SD method. It was found that the activities of the vendors obviously promoted people’s positive emotions, and three commonality factors including impression, vitality and morphosis were extracted through the factor analysis. Moreover, through the element recall method to understand the change in element perception on the market day, we found that the range of people’s perception was smaller on the market day and summarised the element map of the space and the element components of high, medium and low characteristics. The correlation analysis between psychological quantities and environmental elements revealed that people’s positive psychology has a positive correlation with vendors, goods and street components and a negative correlation with greening, colour and texture. This study can provide an important research basis for the development of conservation and renewal strategies for this type of Cultural Street Vending space.

Construction of oxidized icariin functionalized collagen composite with promoting osteogenesis, vascularization and anti-inflammatory properties potential for bone repair application

Bone defects are mainly treated by transplanting bone scaffold, and lack of osteogenesis, vascularization and anti-inflammatory properties will reduce the ability of new bone tissue to grow into them, thus increasing the risk of bone repair failure. In this study, inspired by the composition of natural bone, COL-BG-MOF composite was first prepared (collagen (COL) as the organic component, aminated mesoporous bioactive glass (BG-NH2) as the inorganic non-metallic component, and mesoporous silica shell-coated Mg-MOF-74 (Mg-MOF-74@MSiO2) as the metallic trace element component). Subsequently, in order to further enhance the effectiveness of its bone repair application potential, COL-BG-MOF was functionalized by oxidized Icariin (OICA) as a “growth factor” component to endow it with simultaneous osteogenesis promoting, vascularization promoting, and anti-inflammatory properties. Notably, the –CHO of OICA can react with the –NH2 in COL-BG-MOF by Schiff base reaction, which can cross-link the COL, thus improving the interfacial binding of BG-NH2 to the COL and slowing down the release rate of OICA. The results showed that the obtained functionalized composite scaffold exhibited better compressive strength, anti-degradation and osteoconductivity, as well as sustained OICA release behavior. More importantly, the synergistic effect of OICA and Mg-MOF-74@MSiO2 greatly promoted its osteogenic differentiation, HUVEC migration and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study provided a strategy to prepare functionalized composites by using modified Chinese medicine, which has great application potential in the field of bone regeneration.

Oxygen Vacancies Driven by Co in the Deeply Charged State Inducing Intragranular Cracking of Ni-Rich Cathodes.

Intragranular cracking within the material structure of Ni-rich (LiNixCoyMn1 - x - y, x≥0.9) cathodes greatly threatens cathode integrity and causes capacity degradation, yet its atomic-scale incubation mechanism is not completely elucidated. Notably, the physicochemical properties of component elements fundamentally determine the material structure of cathodes. Herein, a diffusion-controlled incubation mechanism of intragranular cracking is unraveled, and an underlying correlation model with Co element is established. Multi-dimensional analysis reveals that oxygen vacancies appear due to the charge compensation from highly oxidizing Co ions in the deeply charged state, driving the transition metal migration to Li layer and layered to rock-salt phase transition. The local accumulation of two accompanying tensile strains collaborates to promote the nucleation and growth of intragranular cracks along the fragile rock-salt phase domain on (003) plane. This study focuses on the potential risks posed by Co to the architectural and thermal stability of Ni-rich cathodes and is dedicated to the compositional design and performance optimization of Ni-rich cathodes.

Types of use of peripheral forms of the creative case in the aspect of adverbialization (the substantive word form "in a whisper")

The stepwise nature of adverbial transposition of nouns without prepositions is investigated. The object of study is the forms of the creative case of nouns without prepositions, representing the first stage of transposition into adverbs, the subject of consideration is combinatorics and the proportion of substantive and adverbial features in the structure of word forms of the "whisper" type, functioning in the zone of the periphery of the noun class. The relevance of the research is due to the need to develop such a field of scientific research as the transpositional grammar of the Russian language, as well as to identify patterns of functioning of linguistic units in transitional zones between parts of speech and interparticle semantic and syntactic categories. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of substantive word forms that demonstrate different degrees of manifestation of signs interacting with the functional adverbialization of nouns and adverbs on two stages of the noun zone. Within the framework of the proposed approach to syncretic formations, methods of oppositional analysis (with an adverbial scale), elements of component, distributive analysis, and linguistic experiment are used. The novelty of the study consists in the description of a formalized methodology for establishing the stages of adverbialization of substantive word forms, demonstrating a different degree of departure from nouns and approximation to adverbs. It is established that the substantive word form "whisper", for example, is characterized by a multi-stage transposition into an adverbial class. In the zone of the periphery of nouns, she makes the first, actually syntactic step towards adverbs. It is associated with its use first in the syncretic function of complement and circumstance, and then only in the function of circumstance. The presence of dependent words in the form of adjectival and subsubstantial distributors, as well as the function of object complement, restrain the further advancement of the word form "in a whisper" towards the class of adverbs. The loss of object meaning in the word form under consideration is associated with a shift at the level of verbal subordination: weak control as a way of connecting the word form "in a whisper" with the main word is replaced by case adjunction. Object-circumstantial relations are transformed into circumstantial ones. But the main categorical features of nouns in the zone of the periphery of this class of words are preserved. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that it contains an understanding of transitional phenomena in the field of parts of speech in a systemic linguistic aspect. The practical significance of the research is determined by the possibility of applying its results in teaching linguistic disciplines – Russian, general linguistics, theoretical grammar.

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND INNOVATION

Current trends in market globalization, ever-changing economic environments create challenges for companies to increase their competitive advantages through internally generated intangible assets, in order to gain advantages in competitive market conditions, the study of intellectual capital and innovation as competitive differentiating factors becomes relevant. Taking into account the latter, the study of the concepts of intellectual capital and innovation and the identification of their interactions becomes relevant. In relation to the above, this article discusses the components of intellectual capital that promote innovation. The purpose of the article is to present the collaborative foundations and effects of innovation and intellectual capital. The article examines the concept of intellectual capital and its component elements, considers the localization of their sub-components in the context of innovations. In this article, the nature of dynamic developments and trends in the management of intellectual capital and implementation of innovations has been revealed, based on the inevitable necessity of economic developments. It is becoming clear that intellectual capital and innovation have a symbiotic relationship, each influencing the other. Intellectual capital refers to a company's intangible assets, including knowledge, experience, skills, patents, trademarks, and organizational processes. Innovation, on the other hand, involves the creation and implementation of new ideas, goods, processes or services that bring about positive change.In the framework of the research work, an analysis of theoretical material was performed, such research methods as content analysis of documents, analysis method were used. Conducted studies allow us to draw conclusions, the positive organization of intellectual capital and innovation interactions is an important necessity, which at the same time gives a competitive advantage.

Self-templated fabrication of P-doped CoMoO4-Co3O4 hollow nanocages for the efficient oxygen evolution reaction.

Finding reservoir-rich and efficient electrocatalysts for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for further sustainable energy development. Despite the advantages of high earth abundance, easy availability, and tunable composition, transition-metal oxides are typically considered poor electrocatalysts for the OER. In this study, a composite P-doped CoMoO4-Co3O4 hollow nanocage is deliberately synthesized through a cation-exchange, pyrolysis, and phosphorization approach using an innovative self-template strategy with ZIF-67 as the sacrificial template. Hollow nanocages provide large surface areas and abundant active sites, enhancing electron transfer. Hybridization with other components increases the number of electrochemically reactive sites and optimizes the advantages of different element components. As a result, the P-CoMoO4-Co3O4 hollow nanocage catalyst demonstrates high OER performance, with an overpotential of 279 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Additionally, P-CoMoO4-Co3O4 catalysts exhibit good dispersibility and excellent long-term stability. Experimental findings and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the phosphorus-doping effect in various aspects contributes significantly to the superior catalytic activity of P-CoMoO4-Co3O4. This work provides a valuable method for designing cost-effective P doped Co-based bimetal oxide catalysts with outstanding OER performance for industrial applications.