Video Components Research Articles

The impact of media richness on consumer information search and choice

Consumers' make decisions based on information gathered from sources that vary in the richness of the medium. Some media are rich, and include video and audio components, while others are lean and consist solely of text. This paper examines whether consumer's information search and the number of options that they consider when making choices depend on the richness of the medium from which consumers gather information. A series of experimental studies shows that an improvement in media richness reduces the cost of information search and increases the number of options that consumers consider when making choices. These studies also show that consumers tend to rely more on stimulus-based information when media richness is high and more on memory-based information when media richness is low. An investigation of the underlying process shows that perceived cost mediates the relationship between media richness and information search.

The Effect of Educational Videos Used in History Education on Academic Success

The purpose of the research is to examine and assess the videos used in history education. In the study, the academic success levels of the students who received their history education through videos that comprise of voice, text, animation and sound components. Also, answers to the question of whether there is any difference in the academic success levels of students who received their education through video components were looked for, via 50 multiple-choice questions. Furthermore, the views and experiences of students on the topic of the education given were researched through 7 semi-structured qualitative questions. In the research; three short videos used in history education that were prepared in different styles were used. Two of these videos were merged due to them sharing the same topic. The study universe consists of about 400 students at high school (9th grade) level in Ağrı province. The sample was chosen by using purposeful sampling method. According to the acquired findings; history education videos were noted to be of vital contribution to motivation and learning. While it may make it easier to determine which topics and styles cause gaps in learning, the results obtained in this research, it may also contribute greatly to improve and solve these.

Evaluating Video-Based Instruction for Third-Year Medical Students Rotating in Obstetrics and Gynecology Based on a Standardized Checklist

Background: There is currently no standard recommendation among osteopathic medical schools for appropriate obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) surgical procedure videos for third-year medical students (OMS III) in preparation for their OB/GYN rotations. OMS III student doctors will very likely participate in an OB/GYN procedure on their very first day of clinical rotations. In an effort to adequately prepare medical students for the procedural portion of their clinical rotations, videobased instruction is necessary. According to a recent study, YouTube is the most frequently accessed educational video source when students are preparing for surgical-based rotations and procedures. We hypothesized that there is a lack of ideal surgical videos to sufficiently prepare the third-year medical student for two common OB/GYN procedures. Methods: Utilizing input from two faculty OB/GYN physicians and four OMS II medical students, a checklist of essential components of the ideal instructional video for a third-year medical student was developed for two common procedures, cesarean section and robotic hysterectomy. Upon completion of the checklist, YouTube videos were selected by entering the search phrase, “Step by step cesarean section procedure” and, “Step by step robotic laparoscopic total hysterectomy procedure”. The top 20 instructional videos to appear upon entering the search criteria for each procedure were selected for evaluation. Binary data was collected on whether each video met each checklist item (yes or no). Results: No single video met all checklist items. Every video lacked two or more critical elements. 30/40 videos (75%) met less than 50% of the checklist items. Conclusion: The hypothesis that there is a lack of ideal videos for a third-year medical student entering their OB/GYN rotation was true based on our ideal video checklist. Our findings suggest that students are unlikely to find the ideal resource on the commonly accessed video platform which may have a negative impact on student preparation for clinical rotations. Our checklist can provide a guideline for the development of OB/GYN procedural videos for OMS III students. Keywords: OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, VIDEO-BASED INSTRUCTION, CLINICAL ROTATIONS, MEDICAL EDUCATION, YOUTUBE, CESAREAN SECTION, ROBOTIC HYSTERECTOMY, OMS III, THIRD-YEAR MEDICAL STUDENT

A Proficient Video Compression Method Based on DWT & HV Partition Fractal Transform Function

Transform based function play vital role in video compression. In this paper used two transform functions for video compression one is discrete wavelet transform function and other is fractal transform function. The discrete wavelet transform function is very promising image compression technique. Instead of discrete wavelet transform fractal transform is fast image compression technique. Here both wavelet transform function and fractal transform function used for video compression. The H-V partition technique is used for fast processing of video data in terms of row and column. The process of compressing produce good PSNR value and the compression ratio instead of DWT transform function. The DWT transform function creates group of frames in terms of layer for the processing of lower and higher band data of process video. The major contribution of H-V partition technique in video compression due to represents of domain and range blocks for the processing of video components. The processing of transform generates the similarity property of range and the compression process is fast. The both methods DWT and H-V partition techniques simulated in MATLAB software and measure some standard parameter such as PSNR, Compression ratio, encoding time, and MSE.

Using Swivl Robotic Technology in Teacher Education Preparation: A Pilot Study

Based on requirements to promote for reflective practice, both CAEP and edTPA suggest adding a video component to clinical practice. This qualitative pilot study evaluated Swivl as that potential recording technological device for clinical practice. During a clinical practice cycle at a private university in the southeastern region of the US and in partnership with public school districts, teacher candidates piloted Swivl technology. Summative data were collected and researchers triangulated the data to identify emergent themes. Researchers discussed specific strengths and challenges in the use of the Swivl device and provided insights on the viability of this technology’s potential use in teacher education preparation.

Threats to Validity in the edTPA Video Component

ABSTRACTThe edTPA, a performance assessment designed to generate reliable and valid measures of teaching practice, increasingly is used as a gatekeeping mechanism for beginning teacher licensure in various states, including New York, Washington State, Wisconsin, and Georgia. One of the edTPA’s key components is the demonstration of instructional practice by video recording. This article explores threats to validity associated with using video segments as part of the edTPA. Based on interviews with 24 teaching candidates from New York and Washington State, results show that candidates had difficulty fully addressing the competencies assessed by the edTPA, thoroughly representing their teaching practices, and learning from the process of analyzing their videos, affecting content validity, ecological validity, and consequential validity, respectively. One implication is that the utility of the video records may be limited to corroborating and triangulating claims made in the written commentaries, rather than serving as authoritative approximations of teaching practice.

Особенность политического интервью как вида публичного диалога в коммуникативной практике

The article reveals the specifics of the political interview presenting its main features. The author tells the difference between the concepts “dialogue” and “discourse”, “emotion” and “expressiveness” and further defines the principles and indicates the laws of dialogue which carries information through audio and video components. The paper gives various definitions of political interview, which is represented by dialogue communication, exchange of remarks of interlocutors and subjective character of the information received that is explained by the influence of personal emotions and assessments. The author goes on to stress persuasiveness as a specific feature of political interview explaining that it aims at changing or building the recipient’s certain attitude to people, facts or events. In conclusion the paper states that political discourse studies do not only concentrate on principles, emotions and assessments — each political interview is characterized by a specific axiological situation that implies building a political interview model with a view of defining its axiological and ethno-lingual characteristics. That could serve as a cultural source for interpreters, translators and IR journalists. The genre of political interview taking a high position by its frequency of occurrence in the communicative practice expands its borders, occupying its own niche in the general political discourse.

A robust and low-cost video fingerprint extraction method for copy detection

Video fingerprinting for content-based video identification is a very useful task for the management and monetization of copyrighted content distribution. The main challenges of monitoring and copy detection systems are: a) the effective identification of highly transformed videos (robustness) and b) computational efficiency which may be relevant for some applications. Typically, most video fingerprinting methods focus on robustness leaving aside computational efficiency. However, for real-time applications are necessary low computational cost detection methods, for instance, in illegal content monitoring in video streaming distributions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a low-cost and effective video fingerprint extraction method based on the combination of content-based features using both acoustic and visual video components. Our method is capable of detecting video copies by using computationally efficient fingerprints while maintaining robustness against the decrease in quality and content preserved distortions, which are frequent but severe attacks.

Efficient Residual DPCM Using an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_1$</tex-math> </inline-formula> Robust Linear Prediction in Screen Content Video Coding

In this paper, a residual differential pulse code modulation (RDPCM) coding technique using a weighted linear combination of neighboring residual samples is proposed to provide coding efficiency in the screen content video coding. The RDPCM performs the sample-based prediction of residue to reduce spatial redundancies. The proposed method uses the $l_1$ optimization in the weight derivation by considering the statistical characteristics of graphical components in videos in an intracoding. Specifically we use the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to derive the weights because the solution is accurate in high variance residue. Furthermore, we enhance parallelism in a line processing by restricting the support to the row-wise prediction to above samples or the column-wise prediction to the left samples. The proposed method uses an explicit RDPCM scheme, so a coding mode determined by rate-distortion optimization is transmitted to a decoder. For coding the overhead, we develop a context design in CABAC based on correlation between an intraprediction direction and an RDPCM prediction mode. It is demonstrated with the experimental results that the proposed method provides a significant coding gain over the state-of-the-art reference codec for screen content video coding.

Selection-Based Instruction with Touch-Screen Video and the Emergence of Exact, Recombinative, and Novel Topography-Based Responses to Interview Questions.

The purpose of the present experiment was to replicate and extend the literature on using selection-based instruction to teach responses to interview questions by (a) evaluating the emergence of recombinative (i.e., combinations of taught) and novel (i.e., untaught) topography-based intraverbal responses, in addition to exact repetitions of taught responses, (b) providing a measure of social validity for the emergent response subtypes, and (c) including a touch-screen video interviewing component. Participants were two young adult males with a learning disability who attended a local vocational development center. Increases in accurate intraverbal responding and decreases in inaccurate responding across most interview questions were observed in both participants at posttest. Increases in the number of accurate recombinative responses were observed for both participants, and increases in accurate exact responses were observed for one participant. One accurate novel response was observed at posttest for each participant. Results suggest that selection-based instruction can generate appropriate topography-based responses that sound unscripted and the addition of a video component was viable.

Video component of a computer system to supervise of charge position by induction heating

The article presents the project and ways to implement video component of a computer system designed to supervise position of induction heating charges. Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiony zostal projekt oraz metody implementacji komponentu wizyjnego systemu komputerowego przeznaczonego do nadzoru pracy stanowiska do nagrzewania indukcyjnego (Komponent wizyjny system komputerowego do nadzorowania pracy stanowiska nagrzewania indukcyjnego).

A Hospital-Based Advance Care Planning Intervention for Patients with Heart Failure: A Feasibility Study.

Early discussions about advance care planning (ACP) have been associated with improved patient and caregiver outcomes for patients with serious illness. Many patients with heart failure (HF) may benefit from more timely ACP, in part due to the unpredictable trajectory of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a multiple-component hospital-based intervention on completion of ACP forms among HF patients. A brief hospital-based ACP intervention was led by a nonclinician health educator that included (1) an educational video about shared decision making and (2) a protocol to engage HF providers in patients' ACP decision making after the hospitalization. We surveyed patients regarding attitudes toward the ACP intervention and studied completion rates of advance directives (ADs) or physician orders for life sustaining treatment (POLST) forms six months following discharge. The educational video component of this intervention was considered helpful by 92% of participants, and 70% said they were more likely to talk with their physician about their end-of-life preferences after watching the video and interacting with the health educator. Of 37 participants, 49% had evidence of completion of an AD or POLST in their medical records six months after the index hospitalization compared to 32% before the intervention. The number of patients having a signed scanned POLST form increased from 10 (27%) before the intervention to 16 (43%) six months after the intervention (p = 0.03). A hospital-based ACP intervention using nonclinician health educators is feasible to implement and has the potential to facilitate the ACP process.

Teaching icon discrimination to a child with autism spectrum disorder using icons with embedded video and audio in an iPad®-based speech-generating device

ABSTRACTSystematic instructional procedures alone have not been effective for teaching some individuals with autism spectrum disorder to discriminate between icons on an iPad®-based speech-generating device in order to request access to preferred items. Altering the quality or type of icon used may facilitate the learning of this kind of discrimination. A sequential withdrawal design was used to evaluate the effects of systematic instructional procedures and icons with embedded video and audio for teaching icon discrimination to a single participant with autism spectrum disorder. The phases of the study were baseline, intervention, follow-up, booster training, withdrawal, and generalisation. The participant's percentage of correct requesting improved during the intervention and booster training phases. The video and audio components were able to be withdrawn and discrimination was maintained with eight novel icons. The addition of animation and audio to icons on an iPad®-based speech-generating device may help some children with autism spectrum disorder to discriminate between icons in order to request preferred items.

Delivering Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at Home Using Telehealth: A Review of the Literature.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended to restore chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients’ abilities to the highest level of independency and functionality. Telehealth has the potential to improve rehabilitation programs and to enhance patients’ participation. However, little is known about the potential benefits of using telehealth in providing rehabilitation for COPD patients at home. The purpose of this review was to provide a narrative synthesis of literature of studies, which use telehealth with video components to provide real-time pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients. An electronic database search was performed in the Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. Seven eligible studies were included based on the inclusion criteria. Based on the included studies, using telehealth to provide real-time interactive pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients at home is feasible and acceptable, and can provide clinical and social positive benefits. A knowledge gap regarding feasibility, acceptance, and benefits of using telehealth to provide real-time pulmonary rehabilitation services still exists.

Ensuring Clinical Competence in Oman.

Ensuring Clinical Competence in Oman.

Synchronizing physiological data and video in a telemedicine application: A multimedia approach.

Several medical examinations require that multiple modalities of exams are stored in a synchronized manner. For instance, an EEG exam needs that several physiological signals along with video of the exam are acquired synchronously to aid the neurophysiologists to perform their diagnostics. Furthermore support for telemedicine for such exams have become important in recent years. The existing EDF standard that is used for physiological signals makes it difficult to provide integrated support of adding video and compressed component data, however due to widespread use of EDF standard in the domain, cross compatibility with EDF standard for physiological data is also essential. We present in this work a novel idea to solve these issues. Our approach uses standard multimedia containers in which physiological data are embedded alongside video and audio. This paper provides our analyses of the state of the art of multimedia containers EDF, AVI, ASF, MPEG and MKV and their potentials for a telemedicine application and outlines how MKV stands out as an interesting option in this regard, allowing also capability of compression of physiological data if needed.

Reflections on Blended Learning: A Case Study at the Open University of Hong Kong

Teaching presentation skills is by no means an easy task. To teach such skills effectively, a teacher must help the students to learn how to (1) design and organize the presentation contenteffectively; (2) strengthen their verbal and nonverbal communication skills;and (3) master the use of visual aids. Often, the traditional face-to-face classroom setting falls short when the lecturer has to teach more than 100 students how to observe small details of body language and vocal skills. In this case, a blended learning mode — a hybrid of face-to-face and online learning — may be a better option than a pure face-to-face learning mode (Fang, Chow & Soo, 2012). The purpose of this paperis to demonstrate how blended learning can be implemented to teach university students' presentation skills. In the spring term of 2013, ENGL A122F: Presentation Skills, a five-credit course for full-time undergraduate students, was first delivered via a blended learning approach at the Open University of Hong Kong. Attempting to combine the best features of the online and face-to-face modes of teaching, the blended delivery course incorporated video and interactive web-based components into the course outline. In this paper, I share my experience of how presentation skills can be taught through video lectures and assessed through the online learning environment (OLE), alongside traditional teacher-led lectures and tutorials. Also, I discuss how the blended learning approach, compared with the traditional face-to-face teaching mode, can not only facilitate propositional knowing, but also help learners to achieveexperiential knowing, and presentational knowing (Heron & Reason, 2006). Last but not least, the paper reflects on students'feedback, as well as the challengeswhen implementing the blended learning mode.

Dual-Layer Video Encryption using RSA Algorithm

This paper proposes a video encryption algorithm using RSA and Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence, aimed at applications requiring sensitive video information transfers. The system is primarily designed to work with files encoded using the Audio Video Interleaved (AVI) codec, although it can be easily ported for use with Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) encoded files. The audio and video components of the source separately undergo two layers of encryption to ensure a reasonable level of security. Encryption of the video component involves applying the RSA algorithm followed by the PN-based encryption. Similarly, the audio component is first encrypted using PN and further subjected to encryption using the Discrete Cosine Transform. Combining these techniques, an efficient system, invulnerable to security breaches and attacks with favorable values of parameters such as encryption/decryption speed, encryption/decryption ratio and visual degradation; has been put forth. For applications requiring encryption of sensitive data wherein stringent security requirements are of prime concern, the system is found to yield negligible similarities in visual perception between the original and the encrypted video sequence. For applications wherein visual similarity is not of major concern, we limit the encryption task to a single level of encryption which is accomplished by using RSA, thereby quickening the encryption process. Although some similarity between the original and encrypted video is observed in this case, it is not enough to comprehend the happenings in the video.

Structured sparse representation for human action recognition

Video understanding is an important goal of several computer vision problems. To achieve this goal, a video is decomposed into a set of key components and the interactions between the components are modeled. Human action recognition is a challenging example of video understanding in the field of computer vision. Modeling a vocabulary of local image features in a bag of visual words (BoW) is a common approach to extract the components of an action video. Since in a video recognition task, there is no direct mapping from the raw features to class label, higher level visual descriptors and indeed, more accurate dictionaries are required. Therefore, in order to extract intrinsic shape bases and to consider temporal structure of an action, in this paper we take the advantages of group sparse coding methods. In our proposed BoW method each video is represented as a histogram of the coefficients obtained from group sparse coding. The main contribution of this study is to explore the geometry of action components via structured sparse coefficients of visual words in a real-time manner. In comparison with the conventional BoW models, our proposed approach has other advantages including much less quantization error, higher level feature representation which leads to reduction in model parameters and memory complexity while considering temporal structure. We evaluate our method on standard human action datasets including KTH, Weismann, UCF-sports and UCF50 human action datasets. The experimental results are significantly improved in comparison with previously presented results methods.

Beyond Multimedia Adaptation: Quality of Experience-Aware Multi-Sensorial Media Delivery

Multiple sensorial media (mulsemedia) combines multiple media elements which engage three or more of human senses, and as most other media content, requires support for delivery over the existing networks. This paper proposes an adaptive mulsemedia framework (ADAMS) for delivering scalable video and sensorial data to users. Unlike existing two-dimensional joint source-channel adaptation solutions for video streaming, the ADAMS framework includes three joint adaptation dimensions: video source, sensorial source, and network optimization. Using an MPEG-7 description scheme, ADAMS recommends the integration of multiple sensorial effects (i.e., haptic, olfaction, air motion, etc.) as metadata into multimedia streams. ADAMS design includes both coarse- and fine-grained adaptation modules on the server side: mulsemedia flow adaptation and packet priority scheduling. Feedback from subjective quality evaluation and network conditions is used to develop the two modules. Subjective evaluation investigated users' enjoyment levels when exposed to mulsemedia and multimedia sequences, respectively and to study users' preference levels of some sensorial effects in the context of mulsemedia sequences with video components at different quality levels. Results of the subjective study inform guidelines for an adaptive strategy that selects the optimal combination for video segments and sensorial data for a given bandwidth constraint and user requirement. User perceptual tests show how ADAMS outperforms existing multimedia delivery solutions in terms of both user perceived quality and user enjoyment during adaptive streaming of various mulsemedia content. In doing so, it highlights the case for tailored, adaptive mulsemedia delivery over traditional multimedia adaptive transport mechanisms.