Soybean Components Research Articles

A Rapid Field-Visualization Detection Platform for Genetically Modified Soybean 'Zhonghuang 6106' Based on RPA-CRISPR.

Genetically modified (GM) herbicide-tolerant soybean 'Zhonghuang 6106', which introduces a glyphosate-resistant gene, ensures soybean yield while allowing farmers to reduce the use of other herbicides, thereby reducing weed management costs. To protect consumer rights and facilitate government supervision, we have established a simple and rapid on-site nucleic acid detection method for GM soybean 'Zhonghuang 6106'. This method leverages the isothermal amplification characteristics of RPA technology and the high specificity of CRISPR-Cas12a to achieve high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting GM soybean components. By optimizing experimental conditions, the platform can quickly produce visual detection results, significantly reducing detection time and improving efficiency. The system can detect down to 10 copies/μL of 'Zhonghuang 6106' DNA templates, and the entire detection process takes about 1 h. The technology also has strong editing capabilities; by redesigning the primers and crRNA in the method, it can become a specific detection method for other GM samples, providing strong technical support for the regulation and safety evaluation of GM crops.

Unravelling the environmental drivers determining the residual fraction of soybean seed

AbstractThere are three main components of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds: protein, oil, and residual. The residual fraction includes soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, lignin, and minerals. Among soluble carbohydrates, the presence of raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) has poor nutritional value (i.e., raffinose and stachyose), and the inability of monogastric animals to digest them limits the potential use of soybean meal for food and feed applications. Our objective was to understand how different environmental conditions impact soybean seed quality, particularly the concentration of the residual fraction and its components. Nine commercial genotypes from three maturity groups were sown on early and late dates. The concentration of insoluble carbohydrates + lignin was positively associated with seed weight (r = 0.67) and negatively associated with the mean temperature during the seed‐filling period (R5–R7; r = −0.61). Within soluble carbohydrates, RFOs were negatively influenced by the mean temperature at the beginning of the seed‐filling period (R5–R6; r = −0.37), while sucrose concentration showed the opposite effect (r = 0.43). In contrast, precipitation exhibited a positive correlation with RFOs, whereas sucrose displayed a negative correlation (r = 0.38 and r = −0.42). This study showed that the decrease in protein concentration was related to the increase in the residual fraction of the seeds, and higher temperatures during seed‐filling period impacted the residual composition of the seeds, specifically by reducing RFO concentration.

Minimizing Risks of Off-target Movement of Florpyrauxifen-benzyl by Coating onto Urea

ABSTRACT Commercialization of florpyrauxifen-benzyl as Loyant® in 2018 as a synthetic auxin herbicide in rice was followed by soybean injury due to off-target movement of spray applications in the mid-southern United States. Concerns surrounding off-target movement led to the exploration of an alternative application method to help alleviate the issue. Field experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to explore the likelihood of a reduction in soybean injury following applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated on urea in narrow- and wide-row soybean systems and to determine the likelihood of volatilization from this novel application method. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl spray-applied at 0.18 g ai ha-1 caused greater than 60% injury, while coating the herbicide on urea at 5.63 g ai ha-1 never exceeded 30% injury in narrow-row soybean. Similarly, florpyrauxifen-benzyl spray-applied at 0.18 g ai ha-1 caused greater than 50% injury while coating the herbicide on urea at 5.63 g ai ha-1 never exceeded 30% injury in wide-row soybean. As soybean injury increased, relative yield decreased in both narrow- and wide-row soybean. Spray-applied florpyrauxifen-benzyl decreased relative soybean groundcover, yield components, and soybean survival rate as the herbicide rate increased, whereas coating the herbicide on urea resulted in little to no decrease in both narrow- and wide-row soybean assessments. No negative impacts on relative yield and yield components of soybean from florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated on urea indicates that even though visible injury may persist, there is a low likelihood of any yield losses associated with the herbicide exposure using this application method. Additionally, coating the florpyrauxifen-benzyl on urea did not increase the likelihood of volatilization under any of the evaluated soil moisture conditions. Overall, applying florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated on urea is likely to be a safer application method and can reduce soybean injury compared to spray applying the herbicide when favorable off-target movement conditions exist.

Effects of Zinc Oxide and Zinc–Silica-Based Nanofertilizers with Yeasts on Selected Components of Soybean in the Central European Agronomic Region: A Short-Term Study

The action-to-reaction dynamics of next-generation nanofertilizers (NFs) towards field crops are currently being addressed in precision and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) or their combination with hybrid nanoporous biosilica mixed with yeast (ZnSi-bio) for soybean plants’ selected production and physiological indices in comparison to an NF-free control. The experiment was conducted at eco-friendly concentrations in Veľký Krtíš, Slovakia, a location within the Central European agronomical region. The ZnSi-bio variant had an improved number of pods, seed count, and yield, while the ZnO-NPs variant had an enhanced seed bulk density compared to the NF-free control, which had a greater effect on thousand-seed weight (TSW). Significant differences were found in the final quality components of soybeans with respect to phosphorus content without ZnO-NP biofortification. In the case of the ZnSi-bio variant, soybeans were biofortified with zinc. Both leaf-applied NFs markedly improved nutritional and energetic values for soybeans. NFs continued to positively affect seasonal physiology, such as the stomatal conductance (Ig) and crop water stress index (CWSI), compared to the control. The results suggest that the ZnO-NPs, especially when combined with hybrid biosilica and yeast, open new avenues for interdisciplinary research in agro-food science.

Critical Periods for Waterlogging Effects on Yield and Grain Components in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Soybean (Glycine max) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): A Comparative Study

ABSTRACTWaterlogging affects a high proportion of cultivated land worldwide. Sunflower, soybean and sorghum growth and yield can be affected differently depending on the moment and duration of waterlogging stress. If stress conditions occur during the critical period for yield potential definition (flowering in, sunflower and sorghum and end of pod formation in soybean) they directly reduce grain number, but if the stress occurs during the grain‐filling period, grain weight would be affected. The aim of this study focuses on determining the effects of the moment and duration of waterlogging stress on the yield and its components in sunflower, soybean and sorghum. This information will be useful to understand the effects of waterlogging on yield and to choose a suitable crop or sowing date based on predicted weather conditions for a certain place. To achieve this objective, four experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of INTA (Reconquista, Santa Fe, Argentina). The effect of the waterlogging in terms of moment (vegetative, critical and grain‐filling periods) and duration (3, 7 and 10 days) on the three crops was evaluated. Sunflower expressed the most negative impact of waterlogging during the vegetative stages (26, 78 and 98% of yield losses with 3, 7 and 10 days, respectively) while soybean suffered major reductions when the stress occurred during the critical period (5%–17% of yield loses). Sorghum did not express any negative responses for the moments and durations tested. This study suggests that the critical period for a waterlogging event differs, according to crops, from the critical period cited for other stresses. Moreover, the magnitude of the damage will mainly depend on the duration of the event. Further studies are needed to elucidate different physiological responses of the species during waterlogging stress.

Estimation of Combining Abilities for Yield and its Components in Soybean

Estimation of Combining Abilities for Yield and its Components in Soybean

Application of Mycorrhiza-Biofertilizer to Increase Yield of Several Varieties of Soybean Intercropped Between Maize Double Rows of Different Row Spacings

This research aimed to examine the effects of application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer on yield performance of several varieties of soybean relay-planted between double rows of maize plants grown under different planting distances between rows. The experiment was arranged according to Split Split Plot Design, with three treatment factors, i.e. mycorrhiza biofertilizer (M0= without; M1= with mycorrhiza biofertilizer) as the main plots, soybean varieties (V1= Detap, V2: Biosoy-2, V3= Dena-1) as the subplots, and planting distances between double rows of maize in which two rows of soybean were grown (D1= 80; D2= 90; D3= 100 cm) as the sub-subplots. The results indicated that among those treatment factors, different varieties resulted in significant differences on all measurement variables, while increasing planting distances between maize double rows also significantly increased yield components of soybean, including branch number, pod number, and grain yield per clump, as well as weight of 100 grains, whereas application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer to the soybean plants only significantly increased branch number, pod number, and grain yield per clump. However, mycorrhiza biofertilizer showed interaction effect on most variables, especially in interaction with varieties and double row distances. Based on the patterns of mycorrhiza-varieties interaction, application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer significantly increased pod number (28%) on V1 showing the highest pod number on M1V1 treatment (87.87 pod/clump), while grain yield was highest on M1V3 (26.54 g/clump) and lowest (17.19 g/clump) on M0V1 treatment. The intercropping/monocropping yield ratio was also increased by application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer (from 69.33 to 88.18%) on V2.

Across-environment seed protein stability and genetic architecture of seed components in soybean

The recent surge in the plant-based protein market has resulted in high demands for soybean genotypes with improved grain yield, seed protein and oil content, and essential amino acids (EAAs). Given the quantitative nature of these traits, complex interactions among seed components, as well as between seed components and environmental factors and management practices, add complexity to the development of desired genotypes. In this study, the across-environment seed protein stability of 449 genetically diverse plant introductions was assessed, revealing that genotypes may display varying sensitivities to such environmental stimuli. The EAAs valine, phenylalanine, and threonine showed the highest variable importance toward the variation in stability, while both seed protein and oil contents were among the explanatory variables with the lowest importance. In addition, 56 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were significantly associated with various seed components. Despite the strong phenotypic Pearson’s correlation observed among most seed components, many independent genomic regions associated with one or few seed components were identified. These findings provide insights for improving the seed concentration of specific EAAs and reducing the negative correlation between seed protein and oil contents.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) response to application of mineral nitrogen and bradyrhizobia on Nitisols of Teppi, Southwest Ethiopia

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), an important crop grown for its protein source for humans and livestock, is widely introduced in different parts of Ethiopia. However, the productivity of the crop is far below its potential in the country due to different factors, among which low soil fertility is a major contributor. Hence, this field experiment was conducted with the objective of determining the optimum rate of starter nitrogen (N) and bradyrhizobium inoculation on yield and yield components of soybean in the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. Two levels of bradyrhizobia (inoculated and uninoculated) and six levels of starter nitrogen (0, 9, 18, 27, 36, and 54 kg N ha−1) were arranged in a factorial design. The result showed that soybean grain yield increased by about 60 % with inoculation of bradyrhizobia applied with low rates of starter nitrogen fertilizer, regardless of cropping seasons. Application of a nitrogen rate above 18 kg N ha−1 leads to yield decline and has no significant variation from bradyrhizobia inoculation only. Regardless of the cropping seasons, elevated levels of starter nitrogen beyond 27 kg ha−1 suppressed nodulation and nodule dry matter. Starter N at a rate of 9 and 18 kg N ha−1 improved soybean nodulation by 125–130 % over control and 95 % over bradyrhizobia inoculation alone. Thus, it was recommended to apply bradyrhizobia strains with 9 or 18 kg N ha−1 starter nitrogen for better yield of soybean as well as adequate nitrogen fixation in Nitisols having moderate soil nitrogen levels similar to the Teppi areas.

Combination Effects of Sulfur Fertilizer and Rhizobium Inoculant on Photosynthesis Dynamics and Yield Components of Soybean

Sulfur (S) fertilization and rhizobium inoculation are important agronomic practices for improving soybean growth and yield. However, their combined effects on yield components and the resultant impacts on yield need further investigation. Our study aimed to verify the combined effects of S fertilizer and rhizobium inoculant on the yield components and seed yield of soybeans, as well as photosynthesis dynamics during the V5–R6 growth stages. A randomized block design incorporating two factors was employed for field experiments on soybean, involving the application of five rates of sulfur (0, 5.0, 9.8, 14.8, and 19.6 kg S ha−1) with rhizobium inoculation or without. A reduction of 50% in mineral fertilizer according to farmer practice (FP) was applied alongside different rates of sulfur for field experiments on soybeans. The findings indicated that the application of sulfur fertilization significantly enhanced soybean yield by increasing the number of grains per plant (NG) and the number of pods per plant (NP). Maximum grain yield was reached under treatment with an S rate of 19.6 kg S ha−1, which increased NG by 39% more than an S rate of 0 kg S ha−1. Correlation analysis indicated that higher photosynthesis was closely associated with increased yield components. This study demonstrated that applying S fertilizers could improve soybean production by combining the appropriate sulfur concentration and rhizobia inoculation.

Estimation of Soybean Internal Quality Based on Improved Support Vector Regression Based on the Sparrow Search Algorithm Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance and Chemometric Calibrations

The nutritional components of soybean, such as fat and protein, directly decide soybean quality. The fast and accurate detection of these components is significant to soybean industries and soybean crop breeding. This study developed an improved SSA-SVM (support vector regression based on the sparrow search algorithm) for the rapid and accurate detection of the fat and protein in soybean seeds using hyperspectral reflectance data. In this work, 85 soybean samples were selected. After their fat and protein contents were analyzed using chemical methods, a total of 85 groups of hyperspectral image data were collected using the hyperspectral imaging system. An effective data preprocessing method was applied to reduce the noise for enhancing the prediction models. Some popular models, including partial least-square regression (PLSR), random forest regression (RFR), and support vector regression based on the genetic algorithm (GA-SVR), were also established in this study. The experimental results showed that the improved SSA-SVM model could predict the nutrient contents of the soybean samples with accuracies of 0.9403 and 0.9215 and RMSEs of 0.2234 and 0.325 for the fat and protein, respectively. The convergence speed was improved significantly. Therefore, hyperspectral data combined with the SSA-SVM algorithm presented in this study were effective for evaluating the soybean quality.

Effect of concentrations, times of sweet algae extract applications on soybean development and productivity

In the literature there are works focused on studies of marine algae applied to soybean culture, however, little is known about the application of freshwater algae extracts in the culture, being necessary more in-depth studies about the benefits of these products of natural origin. The objective was to evaluate the effect of application periods and increasing concentrations of freshwater seaweed extract on the agronomic components of soybean. The experiment was set up in the experimental unit of the Federal University of Tocantins, with a randomized block design with four repetitions, in a 7x4+1 factorial scheme, with the first factor consisting of seven periods of application (V3, V3V7, V3R2, V3V7R2, V7, V7R2 and R2) and the second, four concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%), plus a control treatment without application of the extract. The cultivar used was 8579 RSF. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, number of grains per pod, weight of grains per plant, dry mass of the aerial part and root. The seaweed extract did not show significance for the evaluated characteristics, except for the root dry mass, where it showed a negative effect when applied at V3 stage, where the plants showed a reduction in mass when compared to the R2 stage, for the concentration of 1.5%.

Mathematical modeling of optimal coagulant dosage for tofu preparation using MgCl2

To explore the association between the optimal coagulant for tofu and the components of soybeans,30 different kinds of soybeans were selected, and tested for their optimal coagulant MgCl2 content. The optimal amount of coagulant was taken as the dependent variable, and the soybean Composition were taken as independent variables for the correlation analysis. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the optimal coagulant content and the content of histidine, 7S β-conglycinin, B1aB1bB2B3B4 of 11 s glycincin, and α'-subunit of 7S β-conglycinin, negative correlation with lysine. The regression formula is y = -1.186 + 3.457*B1aB1bB2B3B4 + 2.304*7S + 0.351*histidine − 0.084*lysine + 4.696*α', and the model is validated to be within 10 % of the error value and has a high degree of confidence. This study provides theoretical support for realizing the green production of traditional soybean products.

Compositional Analysis of Herbicide Tolerant and Conventionally Improved Soybeans in Nigeria

Aim/Background:Comparative compositional analysis was carried out between two herbicide tolerant soybean varieties and two conventionally improved non-GM soybeans (Glycine max) varieties for base line data and safety analysis for subsequent breeding purposes. Method:The experiment was laid in completely randomized design with three replications. The moisture content, ash content, nitrogen content, crude protein content, Percentage crude fibre content, crude lipid, metabolizable energy and calories values were determined for each of the samples using AOAC, 2000 method. Collected data was subjected to analysis of variance and pertinent means were separated using Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) at 5% level of probability. Results:The moisture content values observed for the four varieties ranged from 5.0 – 5.9 % which were not significantly different from the standard reference of 6.12%. Ash content was lowest for TGX-1448-2E at 1.2%, followed by E 14017 at 4.2 %; while it was 4.7 % for TGX 1904-6F;.and the highest observed value was 6.42 % in E 14086. The least nitrogen content value was observed in E14017 at 6.12%, followed by TGX 1448-2E at 8.17 %; TGX 1904-6F at 8.9 % and the highest observed in E14086 at 11.6%. All values were within range of standard reference value of 496.37 Kcal/g except for TGX 1904-6F(363.09Kcal/g) which was relatively low. Conclusion:It could be concluded that contents of the key components of the HT soybean had no significant difference with those of the non-GM soybean ascertaining the safety and this data is necessary for onward varietal development.

A 3-D Full-Wave Model to Study the Impact of Soybean Components and Structure on L-Band Backscatter

A 3-D Full-Wave Model to Study the Impact of Soybean Components and Structure on L-Band Backscatter

Effects of adapted quality protein maize on broiler performance

Quality protein maize (QPM) has high contents of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. The substitution of standard maize (SM) with QPM in feeds can be profitable due to improved livestock performance and decreased use of costly dietary lysine supplementation and protein ingredients. Herein, effects of QPM adapted to temperate climate on broiler performance were tested. A feeding experiment was performed on control (fed with SM) and treatment (fed with QPM) broilers. Each feeding trial of 42 days' duration was carried out in three phases-starter (1-14), grower (15-35) and finisher (36-42). Diets for each growth phase were formulated based on the biochemical analysis of maize kernels. At the end of each growth phase, feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. In the first experiment, SM was completely replaced with QPM in treatment group diets. The results indicated better FCR in the treatment group for grower (1.51:1.56) and finisher (1.56:1.61) phases. In the second experiment, QPM content was increased and the soybean component decreased by 3%. This time, FCR improvement was even better but in all three phases-1.16:1.33 for starters, 1.28:1.36 for growers and 1.30:1.46 for finishers. These results indicate a significant financial reduction in the cost of feed as the price of soybean is usually two to four times higher than the price of maize. Overall, it can be concluded that using adapted QPM in broiler diets can be profitable for both feed industry and broiler producers.

Effect of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on extractable and non-extractable polyphenols of soybean milk: Influence of β-glucosidase and okara

Polyphenols and isoflavones are the main bioactive components of soybean. During traditional processing, many active compounds are lost because of filtration and discard of okara. However, reports on changes in phenolic compounds, especially bound phenolic compounds (BPC), during the fermentation of whole soybean milk (WSM) are few. In this paper, three lactic acid bacterias (LABs) with different β-glucosidase activities were used to evaluate the effect of β-glucosidase and different okara contents in soybean milk on the conversion of extractable and non-extractable polyphenols during fermentation. The results showed that the action of β-glucosidase improved the release of BPC and isoflavones. During WSM fermentation, the β-glucosidase-producing capacity of LABs strongly correlated with both the decrease in conjugated phenolic compounds and isoflavone glycosides, and the increase in free phenolic compounds and isoflavone aglycones. With the increase of okara content, the acid tolerance of Lactobacillus delbrueckii b8 was enhanced and the viability increased. During L. delbrueckii b8-mediated fermentation, the β-glucosidase activity of soy milk with high okara content (59.07 ± 1.48 U/mL) was 1.62 times that of soy milk with low okara content (36.43 ± 1.38 U/mL). As the okara concentration increased, the release of soybean polyphenols increased. Moreover, high okara content and high β-glucosidase activity mutually promote polyphenol conversion in soy yogurt. Therefore, WSM fermentation by β-glucosidase-producing LAB is a method for increasing the phenolic compound content in soymilk. This approach can offer a theoretical guide for efficiently utilizing soybean polyphenols and developing phenolic compound-rich soymilk.

Heat shock increases the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activity of soybean by increasing polyphenol, antioxidant and aglycon form isoflavones

We know that heat shock can activate the functional components in soybeans, but we don't know the type, level, and duration of heat shock for maximum activation. To address this, the present study investigated the changes in functional components like polyphenols, antioxidants, and isoflavones in soybeans at various temperature levels and durations with their respective functionality or health benefits. For this, treated seed samples were extracted with 70 % ethanol. Heat shock at 60 °C for 2 h increased polyphenol content (60.67 % of control) and antioxidant activity for both ABTS (41.14 % of control) and DPPH (217.72 % of control). This also increased the beneficial aglycone form of isoflavones that includes daidzein (8.36-fold of control), glycitein (3.85-fold of control) and genistein (20.50-fold of control) but decreased the harmful β-glucoside form (3.65-fold) including daiazin (1.84-fold of control); glycitin (1.45-fold of control) and genistin (23.88-fold of control) over untreated dry seed. This may happen because of the conversion of conjugated β-glucoside isoflavones to their aglycone forms that have various health benefits. Maximum inhibition of NO production in RAW 264.7 cells was achieved by samples elicited for 2 h with 300 μg/mL concentration. This sample also confirmed the maximum anti-obesity activity treated against 3-T-3L1 cells. This study summarized that heat shock at 60 °C for 2 h increased polyphenols, antioxidants, and aglycon isoflavone in soybeans resulting in increased anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activity.

The effects of the different sowing methods and planting density on the yield components of soybean (Glycine max) under intercropping condition with rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth.)

In Japan, grass-legume intercropping systems are being developed to increase quality and yield of grain and forage. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of sowing methods and planting density on yield traits of forage soybean under intercropping condition with rhodes grass. The field experiment was laid on in a completely randomized block design with four treatments and four replications. Rhodes grass seeds were sown at 2.8 kg/10a in a field containing mono- and intercropping-plots. For soybeans, two levels of sowing densities (about 15 or 30 seeds/m2: named “L” and “H”) and two sowing methods (row or spray: named “R” and “S”) were applied for a total of four different intercropping combinations. Rhodes grass DMY obtained the highest in low level of sowing density with rowing methods (LR) (338 kg/10a) while soybean DMY obtained the highest in high level of sowing density with rowing methods (HR) (251 kg/10a) and in high level of sowing density with spray methods (HS) (177 kg/10a). Intercropping at low density increased CP (12%) and CPY (40.4 kg DM/10a) in Rhodes grass, and CP (18.9%) in soybeans, whereas high sowing density increased soybean CPY in HR (41.5 kg DM/10a) and contributed to higher soybean CPY in DM percentage at 66% (HS) and 56% (HR). Overall, high density sowing increased the 1st total DMY while row sowing increased the 1st total CPY in both crops at the first cutting, while monocropping increased Rhodes grass yield and plant length at the second-cutting. Also, sowing soybean by a broadcast spreader could obtain sufficient crude protein yield as a forage soybean in southern Kyushu, Japan. Further studies are needed for soybean overseeding method and use of early-maturity soybean lines

Long‐term soybean–maize rotation experiments in cereal‐based farming systems at Bako, Western Ethiopia

AbstractMaize monoculture is one of the major restrictions limiting maize productivity in Western Ethiopia. Although the inclusion of legumes in cropping systems is an essential approach for the sustainable management of farming systems and for reducing the nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirement for maize production in the long term, the effects of soybean on the sustainability of maize productivity and soil fertility are unclear in Ethiopia. Continuous cropping of maize has led to extensive degradation of soil and a decrease in crop productivity in Western Ethiopia. Thus, the study was conducted to compare the long‐term impact of soybean on the sustainability of the production system in soybean–maize rotation and to monitor soil fertility dynamics in soybean–maize rotational systems. Nine different soybean–maize rotation treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The study results showed that soybean–maize rotation gave a relatively steady yield compared to the maize mono‐cropping system. Soybean–maize rotation improves the productivity of component crops in cropping systems. The highest maize grain yield was recorded from soybean–maize rotation with fertilizer application for the two components (RS + M+) and soybean–maize rotation without fertilizer application for the soybean component (RS‐M+), respectively. Soybean grain yield was significantly correlated with OC (%), OM (%), and TN (%), whereas maize yield was adversely correlated with soil parameters, except soil pH. Overall, the knowledge we can contribute to the readers from this study is that soybean–maize rotation plays an important role in achieving sustainable agriculture by increasing soil fertility and achieving stable soybean and maize yields and soybean should be inoculated with Rhizobium strain year after year continuously. Thus, it can be concluded that soybean–maize rotation with fertilizer applications (RS + M+) for two components can be used in maize belt areas of Western Ethiopia.