Components Of Attitudes Research Articles

Daily agreeableness and acculturation processes in ethnic/racial minority freshmen: The role of inter-ethnic contact and perceived discrimination.

Having higher levels of mainstream cultural orientation (MCO), an important component of acculturation attitudes and behaviors,is beneficial for ethnic/racial minority students during the transitions into university. Scant research has investigated MCO at a micro daily timescale. This study examined how personality (agreeableness) functions in conjunction with interpersonal processes (inter-ethnic contact and perceived discrimination) to influence MCO as daily within-person processes. Multi-level structural equation modeling were used to analyze month-long daily diary data from 209 ethnic/racial minority freshmen (69% female). There was a positive indirect association between agreeableness and MCO through inter-ethnic contact at both within- and between-person levels. At the within-person level, on days with lower (vs. higher) levels of ethnic/racial discrimination, higher levels of agreeableness were associated with higher levels of MCO. These findings highlight the contributions of intensive longitudinal data in elucidating ethnic/racial minority students' personality and acculturation processes in daily life involving protective and risk factors on micro timescales.

Students’ Attitudes Towards Using ChatGPT as a Learning Tool: The Case of the University of Jordan

This research aims to examine students’ attitudes toward using ChatGPT as a learning tool using a quantitative approach with a descriptive study design. For data collection, researchers have developed attitude measures that utilize the ABC model, which encompasses three components of attitudes (affective, cognitive, and behavioral). The study was conducted among a random sample of 623 undergraduates who enrolled at the University of Jordan, consisting of 476 females and 147 males. The results of the descriptive statistics indicate that there is a high level of positive attitude toward utilizing ChatGPT as a learning tool. Furthermore, the findings confirm moderate affective and high behavioral and cognitive components of attitudes toward using ChatGPT as a learning tool among undergraduate students. A proportion of respondents (73.2%) agreed on the potential ability of ChatGPT to facilitate the learning process. In comparison, 20.7% of the study participants raised apprehensions regarding the precision of the data produced by ChatGPT, while an equivalent percentage (20.7%) reported feeling uncomfortable utilizing the platform; conversely, 14.6% of those surveyed acknowledged experiencing anxiety when unable to access ChatGPT’s services. The results of this study encourage decision-makers and educators at the University of Jordan to incorporate ChatGPT into curricula and instructional practices, considering student concerns and the risk of misuse.

The Relationship Between Knowledge and Attitude of Adolescent Female Students to Physical Changes During Puberty in Public Secondary School, Bogoro Branch Class, Liquiça District, Timor-Leste

Introduction: Adolescence is a transition in a person’s life that changes from childhood to adulthood. Lack of knowledge of adolescent female students about the physical changes will cause anxiety, fear, shame, different feelings, and confusion. In this case, knowledge is the main component in shaping adolescent attitudes, inadequate knowledge will make adolescents tend to take the wrong attitude. Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the knowledge and attitude of adolescent female students to physical changes during puberty. The research design was a cross-sectional study. Method: The study population was 104 and a sample of 51 adolescent female students was taken using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. Result and Discussion: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of adolescent female students (p-value = 0.012), and attitudes of adolescent female students (p-value = 0.000) to physical changes during puberty. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of adolescent female students to physical changes during puberty.

The relationship between organizational culture and organizational entrepreneurship of employees of Sports and Youth in Hamadan province, Iran

The purpose of this study was to the relationship between organizational culture and organizational entrepreneurship of employees of Sports and Youth in Hamadan province, Iran. This is a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of the study was all employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Hamadan Province, whose number is 125 people and due to the limited statistical population, total number sampling, was used. To measure organizational culture, Denison's organizational culture questionnaire was used, which included 60 questions and 4 components of involvement in work (participation), similarity (compatibility or integration), adaptability, and mission and to measure organizational entrepreneurship, Margaret Hill's organizational entrepreneurship questionnaire was used, which includes 13 questions and 4 components of organizational actions, individual attitude, flexibility and entrepreneurial culture. These questionnaires are used as a useful tool. Cronbach's alpha coefficient in this study for organizational culture components is 0.944 and organizational entrepreneurship components are 0.839, which indicates the high reliability of the questionnaires. The validity of these questionnaires was also confirmed by sports management experts. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze them. In the descriptive statistics section, the frequency and percentage of cumulative frequency were used, in the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize data distribution. Pearson and Regression correlation test using spss.25 software was used to test the implementation hypotheses.

Assessing the Impact of a Service Excellence Program on Improving Patient Experience at Primary Health Care Centers.

Frontline clinical staff play a crucial role in shaping patient experience and, therefore, require adequate training and education to deliver exceptional service. This study aimed to assess the impact of a service excellence and quality training program on frontline clinical staff's knowledge, perception, and attitude towardpatient experience and service excellence. We also examined the effect of this intervention on patient experience scores. This study utilized a pre-post intervention design, where frontline clinical staff completed a questionnaire to establish baseline "knowledge and perception scores" and "attitude scores" related to patient experience. The same questionnaire was administered after the training program to measure any changes in scores. Patient experience scores were collected from existing data, comparing results from different quarters before and after the intervention. The training and education program covered various components, including effective communication, empathy, service standards, and service recovery. A total of 256 staff members, including nurses, physicians, and allied healthcare professionals, participated in the training program. The study found statistically significant improvements in all components of staff knowledge, perception, and attitude. Specifically, there was a median improvement in knowledge and perception scores, which increased from 77.2% to 96.5%. Additionally, attitude scores showed a median improvement from 73.8% to 92.5%. Moreover, the overall patient experience score increased from 62% to 72.4%. The study revealed significant improvements in staff knowledge, perception, and attitude, along with enhanced patient experience scores. These findings suggest a potential role for targeted interventions in enhancing patient experience and supporting ongoing quality improvement in primary healthcare settings.

Inclusion and Social Integration of Students with Educational Challenges: Perspectives of In-Service and Pre-Service Teachers and College Students

The increasing trend to mainstream students with educational challenges (SEC) has obligated mainstream teachers to develop different approaches to deal with heterogeneous classes. Previous research on in-service and pre-service teachers has shown that successful inclusion is correlated with positive attitudes towards inclusion, a high sense of self-efficacy, and minimal stigmatization of SEC. However, it remains unclear whether training programs for in-service and pre-service teachers can impact initial attitudes towards inclusive education. This study examined the different components of attitudes towards inclusion in three groups: in-service teachers, pre-service teachers, and college students enrolled in non-education majors. An online questionnaire was administered by a survey company to 489 participants: in-service teachers who had at least one SEC in their classes (n=196), pre-service teachers (n=143), and college students (n=150). The results showed that pre-service teachers had the most positive attitude towards inclusion of SEC, whereas in-service teachers had the most negative attitude. Attitudes towards inclusion were predicted by stigmatizing attitudes and self-efficacy. Stigmatizing attitudes were predicted by gender, religion, education, and self-efficacy. Thus, the main route to more inclusive and less prejudiced teachers may lie in strengthening teachers' self-efficacy. These results have implications for training programs, which should focus on eliminating myths, strengthening the concept of inclusion throughout the entire program, and enhancing the expertise of in-service teachers.

Attitudes towards Pedagogical Reflection among a Group of Pre-Service English Teachers

Reflective practice is an essential component of teacher training programs. Moreover, the experience of reflection in pedagogy students led to a deeper understanding of their teaching practices and increased confidence in their teaching skills. This article aimed to determine pre-service English teachers' attitudes towards reflective practice, focusing on their cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. The population of the study was 88 pre-service English pedagogy students, and the study used a quantitative methodology. A validated questionnaire was used to gather the data and treat it statistically. The results show that all participants had a favorable attitude toward the reflective practice, though there are significant differences among each group of participants. It is concluded that attitude towards reflection increases as students gain sufficient experience and knowledge conducting pedagogical reflection practices. The findings suggest the need for a framework to improve attitude components in the English pre-service program and to focus on reflective practice in the early stages of teaching practice to motivate and induce pedagogical reflection from the beginning of the program. This study might be beneficial for tertiary education to foster a positive reflective attitude towards reflection.

Identifying the Nature of Travel by Different Transport Modes as Consummatory or Instrumental

Attitudes are crucial in understanding people’s travel behavior. In this paper, affective and cognitive components are simultaneously considered, where affective attitude refers to feelings and emotions that are evoked from traveling by particular mode, and the cognitive component of an attitude contains the attributes and beliefs associated with that mode. Based on a mobility survey for the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS) panel, this study endeavors to identify the relative importance of attitude components on travel behavior related to car, public transport, and bike, based on which the nature of mode-specific travel behavior could be determined. Being confined to the psychosocial sphere, the target mode-specific travel behavior will be defined as instrumental if a comparatively strong impact from cognitive attitude is observed and as consummatory if affective attitude has a larger influence on travel behavior. The identified behavioral nature is further examined across people with diverse characteristics. The dominant role of affective attitude suggests car travel behavior to be highly consummatory, which applies for most groups. Public transport travel is performed as an instrumental behavior basically determined by cognitive attitude, and this outcome considerably varies across population groups. Travel by bike is carried out by all the groups firmly as consummatory, and the negative effect of cognitive attitude on bike travel basically reflects people’s motivation to fulfill social desirability, which leads to a behavioral violation. The analysis offers a further understanding of travel behavior, which might provide useful implications for transportation administration.

Exploring Attitudes towards Embedding Education for Sustainable Development in Curriculum Design

This paper shares insights from the research conducted during the 2022-2023 Learning Design and Education for Sustainable Development Bootcamp. The Bootcamp was designed by the Association for Learning Design and Education for Sustainable Development (ADLESD) and delivered in collaboration with UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC). The Bootcamp is supported by the CoDesignS ESD Framework and has been executed in collaboration with several prestigious institutions. The study aimed to identify any changes in attitudes towards embedding Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into curriculum design following the Bootcamp. Using a validated survey that measured four attitude components - affective, perceived control, usefulness, and behavioural - significant variations were observed in the latter three components post-Bootcamp. This shows an increased perception of ESD's practical value, participant confidence in implementing it, and readiness to adjust behaviours to accommodate ESD principles. However, the affective component, or emotional response to ESD, remained largely unchanged, likely due to the Bootcamp participants' self-selection. Particularly notable was the boost in the perceived control element, possibly due to the clear pedagogical framework and toolkit provided during the Bootcamp. This improvement in the Control component and the overall positive impact of the Bootcamp are consistent with feedback obtained from participants in the final evaluation survey. These findings indicate that the Bootcamp and the use of the CoDesignS ESD Framework and Toolkit Planner significantly increased participants' willingness, confidence, and ability to integrate ESD into curriculum design effectively.

Charismatic species should be large: The role of admiration and fear

Abstract Humans show strong preferences for large, “charismatic” animals. However, the ultimate reasons for these innate preferences remain unclear. In our research, we investigate the affective components of human attitudes toward animals, as well as the willingness to pay (WTP) for their conservation in a sample of N = 549 Slovak people using an online questionnaire. From the use of structural equation modelling, we discovered that particularly large animals trigger both biophobic (fear) and biophilic (admiration) emotions in humans, and as a result, these emotions have contrasting effects on the WTP for animal conservation. Both fear and admiration of animals were influenced by the same emotions triggered by non‐animal objects. Beliefs in the magical power of animals did not directly influence the WTP animal conservation, but was mediated by the admiration of large, non‐animal objects. Females showed greater WTP animal conservation than males, irrespectively of the size of the species. Therefore, we believe that biophobic responses from large animals and non‐animal objects in contemporary humans were inherited from our mammalian ancestors, who were targets of predation by large prehistoric reptiles throughout a significant part of mammalian evolutionary history. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

El dilema de los votantes entre candidatos honestos y competentes en las elecciones de 2018 en México y Brasil

This article is dedicated to understanding and explaining the electoral dilemma “Dishonest, but competent” and “Honest, but incompetent” in the elections of legislators, governors and municipal presidents in 2018 in Mexico and Brazil. The research questions that guided the investigation are: Why are there voters in Mexico and Brazil who vote for “dishonest” candidates? And how do the voters of those countries decide their vote in the face of this dilemma? The theoretical approach of this work is Social Psychology through two analytical tools: the Funnel of Causality and the Tripartite Model of Attitudes. The methodology is mixed, quantitative and qualitative, using statistical models with data from the international surveys World Values Survey and Comparative Studies of Electoral Systems, as well as the application of Focus Groups in the distance modality. In this way, four categories of voter are proposed: moralist, moralist-moderate, pragmatic-moderate and pragmatic. The arguments of this work are: first, that regardless of cultural differences, there is an “affective voter” “non-rational” who makes decisions based on emotions and intuition, demonstrating that the affective components of attitudes are more relevant than the cognitive ones in electoral choice; second, that voting for “dishonest” candidates is determined under a greater influence of “short-term factors” such as candidate characteristics and short-term events rather than “long-term factors” such as party loyalties and ideology.

Level of Students’ Environmental Literacy based on Components of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour

Environmental problems include pollution, loss of habitat, climate change, and decreased biodiversity related to human behavior. People who have environmental literacy will behave more responsibly towards their environment. An alternative solution that can be done is to build community environmental literacy through education. This study aims to analyze the level of environmental literacy of students based on the components of knowledge, attitudes, behavior. This type of research is quantitative with a survey method. Research respondents are students from 23 provinces in Indonesia who are currently studying at the Biology Education Study Program, Ahmad Dahlan University, with 93 respondents. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire, and the instrument uses an environmental literacy questionnaire (knowledge, attitudes, and behavior components). Validation of the instrument using exploratory factor analysis and reliability using Cronbach's Alpha. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. The level of environmental literacy in the knowledge component of 69.55% (high criteria), 1.08% (moderate criteria), and 29.37% (low criteria). Components of student attitudes obtained 62.37% in the excellent; 13.04% neutral; 24.59% in the poor. The behavioral component 52.93% gave an occasional response; 37.28% always; and 9.80% never. Students' level of environmental literacy on the components of knowledge and attitudes is not in line with the behavior shown. Knowledge about the environment and attitudes care for the environment owned by students have not been fully expressed in the behavior that is responsible for the environment. Students have not fully implemented the knowledge and attitude components into the behavioral components.

Development and validation of questionnaire regarding KAP survey on pulmonary and systemic TB

Background and aim: A high level of awareness on tuberculosis (TB) is crucial for the success of the prevention and treatment among the high risk populations. Having a good knowledge, positive attitude and excellent level of practice towards tuberculosis may increase the acceptance of the control measures and decreasing the risk of contracting the disease.
 Aim of this study. was to develop and validate a questionnaire about knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among the nurses working in TB centres in Libya. Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 randomly selected nurses working in tuberculosis centers in Libya. This study used a self-administrated questionnaire that takes approximately 15 minutes to complete and was generally well received by the respondent’s. The validation involved content validity and internal consistency for reliability.
 Results: A total of 384 nurses in tuberculosis centers comprising of 84 (21.9%) were male nurses and 300 (78.1%) were female nurse. The ICC was in the range of 0.63–0.961, P<0.001, while for the attitude component items it was in the range of 0.682–8.99, p<0.001 and for the practice component items it ranged from 0.659–0.981, p<0.001.Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, used to assess internal consistency for knowledge, attitude and practice was.0.702, 0.776 and 0.752; respectively.
 Conclusions: The questionnaire on TB knowledge, attitude, and practice was valid and reliable with good items that enable its use for assessing TB –KAP survey among the TB nurses.

Development and validation of a questionnaire on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding tuberculosis among nurses working in tuberculosis centers in Libya

Background and aim: A high level of awareness on tuberculosis (TB) is crucial for the success of the prevention and treatment among the high risk populations. Having a good knowledge, positive attitude and excellent level of practice towards tuberculosis may increase the acceptance of the control measures and decreasing the risk of contracting the disease. Aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire about knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among the nurses working in TB centres in Libya. Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 randomly selected nurses working in tuberculosis centers in Libya. This study used a self-administrated questionnaire that takes approximately 15 minutes to complete and was generally well received by the respondent’s. The validation involved content validity and internal consistency for reliability. Results: A total of 384 nurses in tuberculosis centers comprising of 84 (21.9%) were male nurses and 300 (78.1%) were female nurse. The ICC was in the range of 0.63–0.961, P<0.001, while for the attitude component items it was in the range of 0.682–8.99, p<0.001 and for the practice component items it ranged from 0.659–0.981, p<0.001.Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, used to assess internal consistency for knowledge, attitude and practice was.0.702, 0.776 and 0.752; respectively. Conclusions: The questionnaire on TB knowledge, attitude, and practice was valid and reliable with good items that enable its use for assessing TB –KAP survey among the TB nurses.

Students’ Attitude towards Online Learning: Its Impact to Students’ Problem-Solving Ability

This study assessed the relationship of attitude towards online learning on the problem-solving ability of 2nd year Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) students of Don Carlos Polytechnic College. It aimed to describe the level of students’ attitude toward online learning; ascertain the problem-solving ability of the students; correlate students’ problem-solving ability with the attitude toward online learning; and identify which component of attitude towards online learning best impacts and predicts students’ problem-solving ability. A descriptive-correlational research design was used in this study. Mean, correlation and regression analyses were employed. Students were found to have positive attitude towards online learning; however, their problem-solving ability is still very poor. Moreover, there was a significant relationship on students’ attitude towards online learning, specifically on ease-ness in using online learning, on students’ problem-solving ability. Further, it was revealed that problem-solving ability is predicted by ease-ness in using online learning. Nevertheless, due to the limited scope of this work, the authors felt that there is a need for more extensive research particularly in the effectiveness of online learning to arrive at conclusions that would be more valid, and applicable to a larger student population.

The role of social capital in empowering rural community for reducing environmental hazards: the case study of Khodabandeh, Iran

Social capital approaches consider the empowerment of societies against disasters, which enable rural communities to recover from the negative effects of hazards. Social capital is a mediator for collective action and can help people build common property resources. Not only can social capital improve access to natural resources, it can also improve access to physical capital. Using the descriptive and analytical survey, this article analyzes the impact of social capital on managing an earthquake in the villages of Khodabandeh in northwest of Iran. The findings indicate that according to the single sample T test as well as the opinions of local authorities and household heads. The components of attitude and cohesion have the strongest direct effect on reducing vulnerability at the level of households and rural authorities, the component of trust has the strongest indirect effect, and the network component has no indirect effect on either level.

EC-education, gender disparity, and digital entrepreneurship intention: The moderating role of attitude components; a competitive advantage of the Ha'il region

This research made the case that e-commerce education levels influenced attitudes related components of people's views about e-entrepreneurship intention, all of which influenced their intention to start an e-commerce firm. The study also showed that people's desire to launch an internet company was substantially connected with its behavioral, cognitive, and emotional components. The major method used to verify the validity of the suggested model was the application of the theory of planned behavior together with the analysis of data collected from 338 young Saudi students at the college of business administration at the University of Ha'il. The results of the SMARTPLS partial least square program show that e-commerce education and attitude components are predictors of e-entrepreneurship intention, although disparities between men and women are not connected to this intention.

Identification of beliefs determining wrong lane riding intentions among Vietnamese adolescent two-wheeled riders: An Expectancy-Value approach

Introduction: In Vietnam, road traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of death and serious injury in adolescents, especially in the 15–19-year age group. Wrong lane riding (WLR) is seen as the most common risky behavior of adolescent two-wheeled riders. This study (a) tested the expectancy-value model held to underpin the key determinants of behavioral intention (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) as proposed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, and (b) identified appropriate targets for road safety interventions. Method: A cluster random sample of 200 adolescent two-wheeled riders in Ho Chi Minh City participated in a cross-sectional study designed to measure the variables of interest (i.e., behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, control beliefs, and intention towards wrong lane riding). Results: The results of hierarchical multiple regression lend clear support for the expectancy-value theory as an approach to model the different belief components behind the key determinants of behavioral intention. Conclusion: Road safety interventions aimed at reducing WLR among Vietnamese adolescent two-wheeled riders would best target both the cognitive and the affective components of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Interestingly, the sample investigated in this study is rather negatively predisposed toward WLR. Practical Applications: It is recommended to further strengthen and stabilize these safety-oriented beliefs, and to develop the required implementation intentions to guarantee that the appropriate goal intentions in terms of WLR are translated into action. More research is needed to see whether the commission of WLR can also be explained in function of a reactive pathway, or is exclusively under volitional control.

Determinants of Customer Attitude Towards Green Marketing

This is a conceptual paper that tries to bring out the relationship between marketing discipline, the natural environment and customers attitude. The notion of marketing is too vast therefore, the paper concentrated on the external dimensions of green marketing at strategic and tactical level aim to reach the consumers. Therefore, the ‘4ps’ traditional marketing mix variables use in an innovative manner will be used as the yardstick to measure the green marketing in this paper. Nigeria is still in its infant stage on the green concept. Nigeria ranked 100th scoring 54.76 out of 180 countries for overall environmental performance 1 which could be due to non-challenge attitude among Nigerian consumers and marketing professionals towards the environment. Therefore, this paper aim at proposing a research model that will determine customer attitude towards green marketing. Three probable factors were identified and propose in the research model that will determine the relative contributions of customers’ cognitive, conative and affective senses on their overall attitude towards the green marketing mix variables (green: products; price; promotion and place). Structured questionnaire is proposed to be sent to 524 lecturers and researchers of University of Maiduguri whom will be selected by stratified random sampling. Data will be collected online through monkey survey. Multiple regressions using SPSS will be employed to test the hypotheses postulated. It is expected that findings will provide empirical evidence on the influence and contributions of the attitude components as determinants of overall customer attitude towards green marketing which could provide informative insights on consumers’ propensity to consume which could provide basis for decision making for the policy makers, current and potential green marketers and consumers.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards probiotics for gut-skin axis among health science undergraduates: An online cross-sectional study

BackgroundNutrition-based strategies to improve skin health via gut-skin axis have become increasingly popular. As future healthcare providers, health science undergraduates have the potential to shape public attitudes and practices related to health management. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards probiotics for gut-skin axis among health science undergraduates. MethodsAn online cross-sectional study was performed on 221 health science undergraduates using a self-administered questionnaire. ResultsAmong the 221 respondents, 48.0% of health science undergraduates demonstrated good knowledge, 67.4% had neutral attitudes and 69.2% exhibited poor practices with regards to probiotics. Females scored significantly higher on knowledge score than males (p = 0.002). There were significant differences in knowledge (p = 0.003) and practice (p = 0.015) scores across different years of study, with fourth-year students outperforming first- and second-year students. Additionally, significant differences in knowledge (p < 0.001) and attitude (p < 0.001) scores were found among the three groups of cumulative grade point average (CGPA) range. Undergraduates with a CGPA of 2.50–2.99 achieved the lowest scores on knowledge and attitude components. Significant correlations were found between the knowledge-attitude, knowledge-practice, and attitude-practice variables (p < 0.001). Health science undergraduates with lower knowledge scores (β = −0.231, p = 0.007) and higher practice scores (β = 0.269, p < 0.001) had greater skin problems. ConclusionThe current study demonstrated that most of the health science undergraduates had good knowledge, neutral attitudes, and poor practices of probiotics for gut-skin axis. Further study on assessing the source of information of probiotics towards gut-skin axis among health science undergraduates is highly warranted.