Component Of Susceptibility Research Articles

CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHIC ESTIMATE OF THE DURATION OF THE NEGATIVE δ<sup>13</sup>C ANOMALY OF THE ZHUA GROUP (SHURAM-WONOKA EVENT) IN THE VENDIAN REFERENCE SECTION IN SOUTH OF THE SIBERIAN PLATFORM

A cyclostratigraphic study of the Late Precambrian Zhuya Group (Nikolskoye and Chencha Formations) and Torgo formation in the south of the Siberian Platform was carried out to determine the duration of the C-isotope anomaly imprinted in them. The similarity of the ratios of the period lengths of the cyclic components of the magnetic susceptibility in the coeval deposits of the remote sections of the Nikol’skoye and Torgo Fms. indicates the connection between the revealed cyclicity and the basin-scale environment changes. According to the obtained astrochronological model, the duration of the formation of the studied intervals of the Nikol’skoye (57 m) and Chencha (147 m) formations was 850 and 2500 ky, respectively. Extrapolation of the data obtained shows that the duration of the C-isotope anomaly of the Zhuya Group in the Vendian reference section of the on the Ura uplift was about 10 My, which is consistent with most estimates of the Shuram anomaly’s duration and its stratigraphic analogues.

Comparison of three bioinformatics tools in the detection of ASD candidate variants from whole exome sequencing data

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogenous multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition with a significant genetic susceptibility component. Thus, identifying genetic variations associated with ASD is a complex task. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is an effective approach for detecting extremely rare protein-coding single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and short insertions/deletions (INDELs). However, interpreting these variants' functional and clinical consequences requires integrating multifaceted genomic information. We compared the concordance and effectiveness of three bioinformatics tools in detecting ASD candidate variants (SNVs and short INDELs) from WES data of 220 ASD family trios registered in the National Autism Database of Israel. We studied only rare (< 1% population frequency) proband-specific variants. According to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines, the pathogenicity of variants was evaluated by the InterVar and TAPES tools. In addition, likely gene-disrupting (LGD) variants were detected based on an in-house bioinformatics tool, Psi-Variant, that integrates results from seven in-silico prediction tools. Overall, 372 variants in 311 genes distributed in 168 probands were detected by these tools. The overlap between the tools was 64.1, 22.9, and 23.1% for InterVar–TAPES, InterVar–Psi-Variant, and TAPES–Psi-Variant, respectively. The intersection between InterVar and Psi-Variant (I ∩ P) was the most effective approach in detecting variants in known ASD genes (PPV = 0.274; OR = 7.09, 95% CI = 3.92–12.22), while the union of InterVar and Psi Variant (I U P) achieved the highest diagnostic yield (20.5%).Our results suggest that integrating different variant interpretation approaches in detecting ASD candidate variants from WES data is superior to each approach alone. The inclusion of additional criteria could further improve the detection of ASD candidate variants.

Chronic Suppurative Gingivitis: A Rare Manifestation of Lichen Planus Following SARS-COV 2 Infection

Post-COVID-19 chronic suppurative gingivitis is an emerging clinical entity that has attracted increasing interest in the medical and dental community because of its association with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and its prolonged and potentially debilitating manifestation in the periodontal system. This article provides a comprehensive review of this entity, addressing its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and current therapeutic approaches. The epidemiology of post-COVID-19 chronic suppurative gingivitis is characterized by its occurrence following SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a variable incidence in convalescent patients. A higher prevalence has been observed in individuals with underlying systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, suggesting an individual susceptibility component. From a pathogenic perspective, it has been postulated that SARS-CoV-2 infection could trigger an overactive immune response and chronic inflammation at the gingival level, contributing to persistent suppurative gingivitis. The involvement of viral factors and host response in the pathogenesis of this entity are under ongoing investigation. The clinical presentation of post-COVID-19 chronic suppurative gingivitis includes characteristic signs such as gingivorrhage, gingival edema, superficial ulcerations, and the production of purulent exudate in the gums. These findings, in combination with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, are critical for diagnosis.

Villari effect in FeSe1–xSx

Acoustoelectric transformation (occurrence of electromagnetic radiation under the action of an elastic wave) in a FeSe0.925S0.075 crystal in the presence of an external magnetic field has been studied. It is shown that the application of the magnetic field along the direction of propagation of the elastic wave leads to a rotation of the plane of polarization of the emitted electromagnetic wave. The physical mechanism is that the elastic deformation leads to the appearance of a non-diagonal component of the magnetic susceptibility and to the generation of an additional alternating magnetic moment perpendicular to the external magnetic field and to the elastic displacement. The observed features are interpreted as a manifestation of the Villari effect. A phenomenological description of the experimental results is presented. The observed effect shows that the symmetry of the low-temperature FeSe1–xSx phase belongs to the triclinic syngony.

Polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy of partially oriented fibers II: Imaging study

Polarimetric second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy imaging is employed to investigate the ultrastructural organization of biological and biomimetic partially oriented fibrillar structures. The linear polarization-in polarization-out SHG microscopy measurements are conducted with rat tail tendon, rabbit cornea, pig cartilage, and biomimetic meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS4) cylindrical aggregates, which represent different two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) configurations of C6 symmetry fibril structures in the focal volume (voxel) of the microscope. The polarization-in polarization-out imaging of rat tail tendon reveals that SHG intensity is affected by parallel/antiparallel arrangements of the fibers, and achiral (R) and chiral (C) susceptibility component ratio values change by tilting the tendon fibers out of image plane. The R ratio changes for the 2D crossing fibers observed in cornea tissue. The 3D crossing of fibers also affects R ratio in cartilage tissue. The distinctly different dependence of R on crossing and tilting of fibers is demonstrated in collagen and TPPS4 aggregates, due to the achiral molecular susceptibility ratio having values below and above 3, respectively. The polarimetric microscopy results correspond well with the analytical expressions of amplitude and R and C ratios dependence on the crossing angle of the fibers. The experimentally measured SHG intensity and R and C ratio maps are consistent with the computational modeling of various fiber configurations presented in the preceding article. The demonstrated SHG intensity and R and C ratio dependencies on fibril configurations provide the basis for interpreting polarimetric SHG microscopy images in terms of 3D ultrastructural organization of fibers in each voxel of the samples.

Virtual Admittance Feedforward Compensation and Phase Correction for Average-Current-Mode-Controlled Totem-Pole PFC Converters

This paper explores a current distortion problem in totem-pole bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) converters with average current mode (ACM) control. With in-depth modeling for the current and voltage loops, it was found that the current distortion is caused by the limited current loop bandwidth and input filter capacitor. These factors lead to the presence of a susceptance component in the input admittance, which degrades the power factor (PF) and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the PFC converter. To solve this problem, this paper proposes virtual admittance feedforward compensation (VAFC) and phase correction methods to adjust the input admittance to pure conductance. The VAFC can generate virtual admittance that compensates for susceptance components in the input admittance, while phase correction can generate an equivalent current source that offsets the current in input capacitors. Furthermore, a phase lock loop (PLL) is introduced to realize the VAFC, which reduces the feedforward interference caused by input voltage sampling noise. Finally, an experimental prototype was built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. According to the test results, the proposed compensation strategy improves the PF by 1.23%, while reducing the THD by 2.52% and achieving a peak efficiency of 98.69%.

Advertising creativity: Its influence on media response states towards the Hierarchy of effects

The study investigates the influence of Advertising Creativity (AC) on Ad effectiveness in the context of Interactive Digital Media (IDM). The inquiry seeks to bridge a somewhat limited regard for AC in the context of IDM and provide insight into AC's place in audience communication processes as opposed to generally outcome-based perspectives. The study extends the process of AC effects towards the stages of the Hierarchy of Effects (HOE) by the inclusion of conditional media effects and media response states, which are major components of the Differential Susceptibility to Media Effects Model (DSMM), to elucidate dynamic audience processes especially in the context of interactive media. This study was limited to Filipino Millennials (born between 1980 and 1994) residing in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines. Data was collected from 326 respondents through a questionnaire survey, with PLS-SEM utilized for the analysis. The results show that AC effects occur through engaging immediate responses as manifested by the media response states at the time of exposure to ad stimuli rather than moderating relationships between conditional and response media effects, positively influencing all HOE stages. However, the strengths of these effects vary, with stages related to experiential responses such as Awareness, Learning/Memory, and Brand Liking reflecting more practical implications compared to more rationally involved HOE stages of accepting or rejecting ad claims and brand intentions. By its very nature, advertising is designed to disrupt original motivations and activities. Furthermore, media response is immediate upon introducing AC stimuli despite conditional dispositions. These results provide potential practical use in campaign development and conceptualization related to consumer demographics, as customized ad outputs addressing different audience traits or motivations can equate to higher production costs. Awareness, memory, and brand liking are posited to benefit the most from AC, allowing for better allocation of resources when developing outputs throughout campaigns. The study provides a practical view of AC's benefits to specific HOE stages enabling advertisers to develop strategies given the value and limitations of AC within integrated marketing campaigns keeping us abreast with the dynamic consumer processing of ad communications constantly developing in line with emerging media technology.

Defence-related components in cucumber susceptibility to target spot

Target spot is an important disease in cucumber culture. Due to differences in the susceptibility of cucumber cultivars to the disease, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of three cvs. in terms of leaf trichome density and biochemical variables in the interaction with the pathogen Corynespora cassiicola. The density of trichomes was evaluated on both sides of the leaves. The activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes and the levels of free and bound phenolic compounds were evaluated one, three and five days after inoculation or not with the pathogen. The enzymatic activity was higher in the Safira cv., less susceptible to the disease, in relation to the Taiko and Soldier cvs. Inoculated plants showed higher peroxidase activity, showing that the response to infection was accompanied by the synthesis of this enzyme, and it increased with the days after inoculation. The levels of phenolic compounds varied according to the cvs. and as a function of time, with the highest levels in the Safira and Soldier cvs. Higher density of trichomes was found in the Safira cv., with no differences between Soldier and Taiko cvs. The adaxial side of the leaves had a greater number of trichomes than the abaxial side. No direct relationships were observed between biochemical and trichome variables and disease severity in cucumber cvs., since the Soldier cv., the most susceptible to the disease, did not differ in relation to 'Taiko' in enzymatic activities, free phenolic compounds and number of trichomes, including higher levels of bound phenolic compounds.

Isomaculosidine facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and causes idiosyncratic liver injury

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. (Dictamni Cortex, DC), a Chinese herbal medicine, is commonly used for treating chronic dermatosis and rheumatism, but can also cause herb-induced liver injury (HILI). Our study has demonstrated that DC can induce idiosyncratic HILI, but the mechanism remains unknown. The NLRP3 inflammasome has become a major target for addressing many diseases. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is responsible for many liver-related inflammatory diseases, including idiosyncratic HILI. Aim of the studyThe objective of our study was to demonstrate the mechanism underlying the idiosyncratic HILI induced by DC and clarify the susceptible component in DC. Materials and methodsBone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and THP1 cells were selected to assess the effect of isomaculosidine (IMD) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro. Western blot, ELISA and Caspase-Glo® 1 Inflammasome Assay, flow cytometry and Immunofluorescence were employed to detect the mechanism of IMD on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. To assess the efficacy of IMD in vivo, mice were intravenously administrated with LPS and then IMD were injected intraperitoneally for 6 h. ResultsThe results of our in vitro studies demonstrate that IMD, the major constituent of DC, specifically promoted ATP- and nigericin-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, but not NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Additionally, IMD promoted nigericin-induced ASC oligomerization. Notably, synergistic induction of mtROS played a key role on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. IMD increased the mtROS production in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by nigericin. In addition, the results of our in vivo study showed that the combination of nonhepatotoxic doses of LPS and IMD can increase the levels of ALT, AST, and DBIL, leading to liver injury. ConclusionsIMD specifically facilitated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by nigericin and ATP, which is responsible for DC-induced idiosyncratic HILI.

Unmixing of Magnetic Hysteresis Loops Through a Modified Gamma‐Cauchy Exponential Model

AbstractQuantifying the contributions of distinct mineral populations in bulk magnetic experiments greatly enhances the analysis of environmental and rock magnetism studies. Here, we develop a new method of parametric unmixing of susceptibility components in hysteresis loops. Our approach is based on a modified Gamma‐Cauchy exponential model that accounts for variable skewness and kurtosis. The robustness of the model is tested with synthetic curves that examine the effects of noise, sampling, and proximity (similar coercivities) of susceptibility components. We provide a Python‐based script, the Hist‐unmix, which allows the user to adjust a forward model of up to three ferromagnetic components as well as a dia/paramagnetic contribution. Optimization of all the parameters is achieved through least squares fitting (Levenberg‐Marquardt method), with uncertainties of each inverted parameter calculated through a Monte Carlo error propagation approach. For each ferromagnetic component, it is possible to estimate the saturation magnetization (Ms), saturation remanent magnetization (Mrs) and the mean coercivity (). Finally, Hist‐unmix was applied to a set of weakly magnetic carbonate rocks from Brazil, which typically show distorted hysteresis loops (wasp‐waisted and potbellied). For these samples, we resolved two components with distinct coercivities. These results are corroborated by previous experimental data, showing that the lower branch of magnetic hysteresis can be modeled by the presented approach and might offer important mineralogical information for rock magnetic and paleomagnetic studies.

Sum-frequency generation at interfaces: A Fresnel story. I. Designing high contrast in two interface systems.

When a homogeneous film of finite thickness is optically probed, interference due to multiple reflections modulates in amplitude the electric field of light. For optical processes located only at the interfaces between two media, as is common for Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG), interference also modulates the contrast between signals generated at the entrance and exit planes of the film. We introduce a universal formalism for Fresnel factors, which bear all the information about interference, valid at any point in a three-layer system and for the three beams involved in the SFG process. Their analysis provides general rules for obtaining a high contrast. In particular, we define four configurations leading to the cancellation of the SFG response from the entrance side of the film when its thickness or the angles of incidence are tuned. Cancellation conditions depend on the polarization of light and follow simple analytical rules, leading to a straightforward experimental implementation. Such a selective cancellation makes it possible to independently measure single components of the nonlinear susceptibility, for example, in a ppp experiment and to separate surface from bulk response by combining a few measurements.

The Effect of a DC Magnetic Field on the AC Magnetic Properties of Oleic Acid-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles.

The AC magnetic properties of a sample of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with oleic acid have been investigated with the help of AC susceptibility measurements. In particular, several DC magnetic fields have been superimposed on the AC field, and their effect on the magnetic response of the sample has been analysed. The results show the presence of a double peak structure in the imaginary component of the complex AC susceptibility measured as a function of the temperature. A preliminary evaluation of the Mydosh parameter for both peaks gives the information that each one of them is associated with a different state of interaction between nanoparticles. The two peaks evolve both in amplitude and position when the intensity of the DC field is changed. The field dependence of the peak position shows two different trends, and it is possible to study them in the framework of the currently existing theoretical models. In particular, a model of non-interacting magnetic nanoparticles has been used to describe the behaviour of the peak at lower temperatures, whereas the behaviour of the peak at higher temperatures has been analysed in the framework of a spin-glass-like model. The proposed analysis technique can be useful for the characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles used in several types of applications, such as biomedical and magnetic fluids.

Nonlinear Absorption Features of Acid Blue 129 Dye in Polar Solvents: Role of Solvents on Solute Molecule.

This paper focuses the study of nonlinear absorption (NLA) features of anthraquinone dye namely, acid blue 129 with different polar solvents including ethanol, methanol, acetone, 1-proponal and DMSO. The acid blue 129 dye in polar solvents is characterized by UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence study. The NLA measurements of acid blue 129 dye is examined via open aperture (OA) Z-scan method employing at 650nm wavelength. The OA Z-scan curve of the experimental dye exhibits both saturable absorption (SA) and reveres saturable absorption (RSA) signature, which results from negative and positive NLA coefficient (β). The order of ground and excited state absorption cross-section is measured to be 10-22 m2 and 10-18 m2, respectively and proved the existence of RSA in acid blue 129 dye. The order of NLA coefficient and imaginary component of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of acid blue 129 dye in polar solvents is calculated to be 10-3cm/W and 10-5 esu, respectively. The multi-parameter scale viz., Kamlet-Abboud-Taft is used to measure the influence of solvent parameters on solute molecule. The results from the experiments suggest that the acid blue 129 is a suitable candidate for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications.

Second Harmonic Generation in Exfoliated Few‐Layer ReS2

AbstractThe second harmonic generation (SHG) is systematically investigated in mechanically exfoliated, few‐layer ReS2 samples. The stacking orders are identified as (AA)nA and (ABy)nA for (2n+1)‐layer samples and (AA)n and (ABy)n for 2n‐layer samples. The layer structure A stands for that of a monolayer, and the layer structure By is mirror to A followed by a one‐tenth unit cell translation along the mirror axis, that is, the b‐axis of the crystal. Only the even‐layer samples with (ABy)n stacking order are SHG active. After carefully extracting the effective bulk susceptibility for SHG, it is found that the spectra are greatly enhanced as the fundamental photon energy matches exciton levels. The polarization dependence is strongly anisotropic, and each susceptibility component shows very different wavelength dependence. The results demonstrate that few‐layer ReS2, with its unique SHG, can be considered as an ideal platform for fundamental research in anisotropic nonlinear optics.

MAGNETIC-CONTROLLED SORBENT FOR WATER SURFACE CLEANING FROM OIL POLLUTION

The modern structure of industry, outdated technologies form a wide range of environmental problems and sharply worsen the ecological situation. Various methods are used to clean water sources from oil spills: mechanical, thermal, physicochemical, biological. Among the available alternatives, oil sorbents are considered as one the most economical, efficient and environmentally friendly materials because oils can be properly absorbed by oil sorbents without causing secondary water pollution.&#x0D; The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of obtaining an effective magnetically controlled sorption material for cleaning the water surface from oil spills.&#x0D; Research objectives are to analyze the composition of electric arc steel-smelting furnaces (EASSF) dust; conduct research on the hydrophobization EASSF dust with paraffin; determine the optimal proportions of dust and hydrophobizator, which allow the material to maintain buoyancy and magnetic susceptibility; evaluate the interaction of the obtained material with an oil spills on water surface.&#x0D; The dust sample elemental composition was obtained using the ARL9900 Intellipower Workstation.&#x0D; The sorption material was prepared as follows: the EASSF dust was mixed with a sample of paraffin, then it was heated to 105 °C in an oven, mixed, and cooled to a temperature of 20 °C.&#x0D; The true density was determined by the pycnometric method. The method ASTM D2854-70 «Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated Carbons» was used to determine the bulk density.&#x0D; Electric steelmaking waste was used as a magnetically susceptible component. Studies have been carried out on its hydrophobization with paraffin for possible use in water treatment. With the waste : paraffin ratio of 1 : 0.07, a material with high hydrophobicity and buoyancy was obtained. Tests for thickening and extracting a crude oil spill from water surface proved the promise of using the obtained material for cleaning water from oil pollution.

PO-05-144 WHERE DID THE JUICE GO ON MY ICD?

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have become standard therapeutic tools in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. ICD leads are the most susceptible component and are still the weakest link of this system. In this case we present an interesting case of subtherapeutic shock delivery. A 58-year-old male with a history of syncope, ventricular tachycardia and prior dual chamber ICD placement presented to the outpatient clinic due to an episode of three ICD shocks noted on remote interrogation. The day of presentation, the patient mentions he was helping ring a cow and he used his arms to swing a lasso. As the device appropriately identified the ventricular event to have fallen in the VF zone, a standard algorithm of anti-tachycardia pacing followed by defibrillation was delivered. Interestingly however, during this episode two out of three shocks delivered had subtherapeutic energy delivery at 10.9 J and 7 J respectively as shown in figure 1. Upon review of the episode, the shock impedance was noted to be <20 ohms for both episodes with subtherapeutic energy delivery. At this point we were suspicious of a lead integrity issue resulting in a low shock impedance. All previous ICD checks prior to this episode were unremarkable. A device interrogation performed the following day showed no significant change in the shock impedance, however, did reveal a significant drop in the pace/sense impedance of both the right ventricular and right atrial leads from around 400 ohms to 200 ohms. A chest x-ray was ordered to evaluate for lead integrity issues but was unremarkable. NA Ultimately due to a significant drop in lead impedance and concern for issues with lead integrity, a decision was made for whole system extraction with a new system implantation. Our case is unique in that the first sign of an insulation breach or low lead impedance was subtherapeutic energy delivery for an event that occurred in the VF zone. These findings can be described by the Medtronic short circuit protection algorithm. Wherein, a low detected shock impedance will prevent further energy delivery due to concern for an open circuit and energy leakage. These findings were likely induced by the sudden jerking movements involved with ringing a cow. While this algorithm is specific to Medtronic, all major device companies have similar algorithms built when the device suspects an open circuit and this should be kept as a differential for subtherapeutic shock delivery.

Estimating energy consumption and GHG emissions in crop production: A machine learning approach

It is necessary to observe the relationship between the energy inputs and outputs of agricultural production in the context of long-term strategies to determine optimal sustainable solutions and identify the most susceptible system components. Comprehensive research to assess energy performance data over a relatively long-term is required to predict crop production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions based on energy inputs. This study collects and analyzes energy inputs and GHG emissions from 17 crops of Iran in five major categories (cereal, pulse, oilseed, fiber, and tubers) during 1970–2019 to quantify the long-term energy efficiency of major crops. Three machine learning (ML) algorithms are developed to quantify the relationship between the resources consumed per unit of energy output and GHG emission models. These models are evaluated through three quantitative statistics. The analysis considers all physical and chemical inputs used to produce the major crops. These energy variables include human labor, machinery, fossil fuels, electricity, irrigation water, fertilizers (phosphate, nitrogen, and potassium), pesticides and seed rate. The results revealed that the input and output energy values increased from 39.47 to 190.18 MJ ha-1 in 1970 to 253.43 and 654 MJ ha−1 in 2019. The GHG emissions from electricity (47.1%) were followed by those of nitrogen fertilizer (25.75%). Reducing the consumption of electricity and nitrogen fertilizers is the most efficient options to improve the energy efficiency of the crops studied.

On the Impact of Uncertainties in Silicon-Photonic Neural Networks

This article presents a method of criticality assessment to identify susceptible components of silicon-photonic neural networks. —Fei Su, Intel Corporation

Genetic susceptibility to Theileria orientalis (Ikeda) in Angus- and Hereford-sired yearling cattle born to dairy cattle on an endemically infected farm in New Zealand

ABSTRACT Theileria orientalis (Ikeda) was first detected in New Zealand in 2012, becoming endemic in most of the North Island, and can cause incidences of anaemia and death. Research has been performed in New Zealand on the incidence and severity of infection. Through this research anecdotal evidence has been found to suggest a potential genetic susceptibility component in the response of the host to the parasite. To investigate the genetic susceptibility of cattle to T. orientalis (Ikeda), 99 calves born in 2016 as part of a separate experiment and grown in six grazing herds, were examined for their response to the parasite. In addition to measuring live weight, two blood collections were taken in the first four months of life which were used to measure packed cell volume by haematocrit and qPCR to assess parasite load. Heritability was calculated and was low for parasite load, but the result indicates that there is some potential to increase resistance through selective breeding. The mechanisms of the differences in parasite load were not elucidated in this research; however, significant variation was found among herds and sires, indicating that both genetic selection and environmental management could be utilised to reduce parasite load in growing calves.

Influence of retained austenite on abrasive wear performance of bainitic steels

Bainitic steels exhibit improved strain hardening and comparable ultimate tensile strength and hardness properties as compared to quenched and tempered steels giving bainite the possibility of replacing martensitic steel in certain wear susceptible components, e.g. earthmoving and mining equipment. The influence of retained austenite morphology and mechanical stability in abrasion-resistant bainitic microstructures generated in a medium C, high Si AISI 9260 is investigated in the present study. Evaluation of critical phase transformation temperatures and production of carbide free bainitic microstructures were performed using dilatometry. Hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy were employed to evaluate these heat treatments. The overarching goal of this work is to develop a scientific understanding of interrelationships between retained austenite in bainitic steels and wear performance evaluated with dry sand/rubber wheel wear testing. A correlation between lower austempering temperatures and higher hardness was observed due to both microstructural refinement, as well as a higher content of martensite. Wear results show a complex relationship between austemper temperature and wear resistance, suggesting a dependence on sample hardness, austenite content, and austenite morphology.