Component-based Service Research Articles

Hierarchical Scheduling Mechanisms in Multi-Level Fog Computing

Delivering cloud-like computing facilities at the network edge provides computing services with ultra-low-latency access, yielding highly responsive computing services to application requests. The concept of fog computing has emerged as a computing paradigm that adds layers of computing nodes between the edge and the cloud, also known as <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">micro data centers</i> , <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cloudlets</i> , or <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fog nodes</i> . Based on this premise, this article proposes a component-based service scheduler in a cloud-fog computing infrastructure comprising several layers of fog nodes between the edge and the cloud. The proposed scheduler aims to satisfy the application’s latency requirements by deciding which services components should be moved upwards in the fog-cloud hierarchy to alleviate computing workloads at the network edge. One communication-aware policy is introduced for resource allocation to enforce resource access prioritization among applications. We evaluate the proposal using the well-known iFogSim simulator. Results suggest that the proposed component-based scheduling algorithm can reduce average delays for application services with stricter latency requirements while still reducing the total network usage when applications exchange data between the components. Results have shown that our policy was able to, on average, reduce the overload impact on the network usage by approximately 11 percent compared to the best allocation policy in the literature while maintaining acceptable delays for latency-sensitive applications.

HSOP: A Hybrid Service Orchestration Platform for Internet-Telephony Networks

Nowadays Telecom service providers are seeking new paradigms of service creation and execution platform to reduce new services’ time to market and increase profitability. However, the existing static services orchestration approaches cannot meet the dynamic complicated business demands. This paper proposes a hybrid service orchestration platform for Internet-Telephony networks. Firstly, designs a hybrid service orchestration language for developers to achieve dynamic and rapid orchestration of new hybrid services over the Internet-Telephony networks. Secondly, proposes an event-driven and component-based hybrid service orchestration container to meet the asynchronous dynamic interactions between hybrid services. Thirdly, proposes a cost-aware auto-scaling approach, including the pre-scaling and real-time scaling stages, to dynamically scale the required resources at different levels. Finally, illustrates the hybrid voice chatting services orchestration scenario, and also the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed platform are validated through extensive experiments.

IPOJO flow: a declarative service workflow architecture for ubiquitous cloud applications

The growth of innovative services backed up by various sensors and devices provides an unprecedented potential for ubiquitous computing applications and systems. However, in order to benefit from the recent developments, the current service middleware technology needs a catch-up of being able to fully support interactions among the services. OSGi is considered as a viable service framework solution due to its ability to deal with the dynamism inherent with ubiquitous cloud environments. iPOJO has also emerged as a service component model that simplifies the development of OSGi applications. However, the technology runs short of providing adequate support to foster declarative service compositions of realistic interaction topologies. Noticing this deficiency, we propose an iPOJO component-based service workflow architecture, named iPOJO Flow, where component services can easily be composed together to form realistic, complicated applications. Along with the architectural design, the paper also introduces a new DSL to specify service workflow topologies in a declarative way. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is validated through a prototype demonstration, comparative design analysis, and performance experiments.

Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles

Sustainable technologies challenge prevailing business practices, especially in industries that depend heavily on the use of fossil fuels. Firms are therefore in need of business models that transform the specific characteristics of sustainable technologies into new ways to create economic value and overcome the barriers that stand in the way of their market penetration. A key issue is the respective impact of incumbent and entrepreneurial firms’ path-dependent behaviour on the development of such new business models. Embedded in the literature on business models, this paper explores how incumbent and entrepreneurial firms’ path dependencies have affected the evolution of business models for electric vehicles. Based on a qualitative analysis of electric vehicle projects of key industry players over a five-year period (2006–2010), the paper identifies four business model archetypes and traces their evolution over time. Findings suggest that incumbent and entrepreneurial firms approach business model innovation in distinctive ways. Business model evolution shows a series of incremental changes that introduce service-based components, which were initially developed by entrepreneurial firms, to the product. Over time there seems to be some convergence in the business models of incumbents and entrepreneurs in the direction of delivering economy multi-purpose vehicles.

A COMPONENT-BASED MODELING AND SIMULATION SUPPORTING ENVIRONMENT

Simulation modelers, engineers and managers are faced with new challenges at large-scale complex simulation application development. To reduce the difficulty of developing such simulation applications, the simulation environment is required to be extensible, reusable and composable. In order to promote the reusability from coarse-grained federate to fine-grained components, this paper proposes a modeling and simulation environment which consists of component-based architecture, modeling methods, and simulation services to support and simplify the process of complex simulation application construction. Moreover, a standard process and simulation tools are developed to ensure the rapid and effective development of simulation applications.

Linkage Mechanisms for component-based Services and IT Governance

Insufficient modularizing of services and applications leads to complexity and complication with IT Governance architectures. The problem is that the available IT Governance solutions on the market only offer limited dynamic exchangeable components and/or specialized services, in order to be able to react flexibly to changing conditions within a short time. IT Governance requirements, frameworks, processes and services are insufficiently supported based on the generalization and with that connected inflexibility. In this article an innovative Framework based on Linkage Mechanisms and component-based Services in the context of IT Governance is presented.

과학기술 정책의 과학화 서비스 개발에 관한 연구

The development of science and technology oriented knowledge society accelerates the convergence between scientific theory and industrial technology and increases the complexity problem of social and economic sectors. These cause the difficulty of securing the reliability and objectivity of science and technology policy. These also are barriers of balanced evaluation between rational science and technology policy making, management, and policy coordination. In this regard, Advanced countries in science and technology develops policy support system and promotes the program of evidence-based SciSIP(Science of Science and Innovation policy) together. This paper introduces a new approach developing science service of science and technology policy utilizing business intelligence technology in Korea. Also, it proposes the integration method of policy knowledge base and component-based service supporting S&T policy decision-making process and introduces services case studies.

Component-based Functional Integrated Circuit System Design and Its Straight Implementation

Component-based Functional Integrated Circuit System (FICS) refers to the design and implementation of FICS using the Integrated Circuit system components. This paper discusses two parts: the Component-based Services Framework (CSF), or rather, the FICS framework for component-based application services, and Functional Integrated Circuit System Architecture Description Language (FICSADL), or rather, the application layer language for FICS service framework. The paper defines the FICSADL language elements, descriptive methods and formal specification by means of mapping the components of the service layer onto the connectors of the semantic layer. Various FICS business and system requirements are met by adjusting the connector glue parts on the semantic layer. Finally, the paper demonstrates the FICSADL π-calculus. This component-based FICS design and implementation is a design and implementation straight and directly from the algorithm to chip.

ImageMiner: a software system for comparative analysis of tissue microarrays using content-based image retrieval, high-performance computing, and grid technology.

The design and implementation of ImageMiner, a software platform for performing comparative analysis of expression patterns in imaged microscopy specimens such as tissue microarrays (TMAs), is described. ImageMiner is a federated system of services that provides a reliable set of analytical and data management capabilities for investigative research applications in pathology. It provides a library of image processing methods, including automated registration, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification, all of which have been tailored, in these studies, to support TMA analysis. The system is designed to leverage high-performance computing machines so that investigators can rapidly analyze large ensembles of imaged TMA specimens. To support deployment in collaborative, multi-institutional projects, ImageMiner features grid-enabled, service-based components so that multiple instances of ImageMiner can be accessed remotely and federated. The experimental evaluation shows that: (1) ImageMiner is able to support reliable detection and feature extraction of tumor regions within imaged tissues; (2) images and analysis results managed in ImageMiner can be searched for and retrieved on the basis of image-based features, classification information, and any correlated clinical data, including any metadata that have been generated to describe the specified tissue and TMA; and (3) the system is able to reduce computation time of analyses by exploiting computing clusters, which facilitates analysis of larger sets of tissue samples.

Election Participation: An Integral Service-based Component for Social Studies Methods

Most educators recognize that social studies methods courses emphasize connecting knowledge to life, through experiential learning and actions based on individual and civic values. The authors developed a required participation lesson for secondary methods students to assure that future teachers had personally experienced and evaluated a civic service learning activity. A goal was to motivate these pre-service teachers to include such experiences in their future teaching with middle or high school students. The pre-service teachers established their own way of being actively involved in the election process in a manner that complimented their interests and complex schedules. This paper describes the assignment and its related discussions. Evidence of personal experiences and reactions from students’ reflection papers is presented describing newly gained perspectives about how exhaustive and significant the election process is. Pre-service teachers’ written reflections indicated they considered this experience critical for future social studies teachers.

PaMS: A component-based service for finding the missing full text of articles cataloged in a digital library

Providing access to the full text of cataloged articles is a highly desirable feature for a digital library. However, in many such systems, not all metadata records have (a direct pointer to) a corresponding full-text document. In this article, we present PaMS: a new service for finding the missing full text of articles cataloged in a digital library. This service is implemented as a software component in order to be readily deployable to existing systems. It works as a parameterized meta-search engine and allows digital library administrators to easily set up a search strategy, i.e., a list of existing search engines to be queried for the missing full text, as well as the filtering and ranking policies to be applied to the results retrieved by each search engine. We evaluate our service with respect to its effectiveness and efficiency with collections from two distinct fields: computer science and biomedical and life sciences. Our results attest the effectiveness of PaMS for finding missing full-text documents as well as other relevant material while keeping its overall execution time at a reasonable level.

A development framework for component-based agent-oriented business services

Nowadays, modern applications tend to be open and dynamic since they evolve in a changing organisational and operational environment where components can be added, modified, or removed at any time. Together, service-oriented computing and Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) represent dynamic and evolving structures which can change at run-time to benefit from the capabilities of new system entities or replace obsolete ones. They are particularly useful to define business services that refer to specific electronic business interactions. In this paper, we propose a business service development framework composed of three phases: modelling, design and specification. The modelling phase models two levels of a business service: the services of a business service and the agents of each service. The design phase details a business service with three models: component, structural and interaction. In the interaction model, which expresses the exchange or the communication between services or agents of a business service, there are three levels to model: the component (between services), the agent (between agents) and the message (the structure and ontology of messages). Finally, the specification phase presents information acquired from the modelling and design phases in a machine-readable language. Using the support toolkit, we developed a Multi-criteria Data Integration case study to illustrate the framework application.

Case study of micro-component design and industry integration

According to our three steps plan, enterprise integration requires ontology of elements, services transformation and virtualisation to reach the goal. Componentisation is critical and also the first step in component-based service design; it identifies each component in business, service and physical layers to build up the alignment and inter-layer interoperability. This research paper focuses on identification and specification of components and uses examples in the industry to demonstrate how services are derived from business components, and how they are designed and produced in achieving service virtualisation. This paper also reviews micro-component design in order to achieve macro-component-based service virtualisation.

Case study of micro-component design and industry integration

According to our three steps plan, enterprise integration requires ontology of elements, services transformation and virtualisation to reach the goal. Componentisation is critical and also the first step in component-based service design; it identifies each component in business, service and physical layers to build up the alignment and inter-layer interoperability. This research paper focuses on identification and specification of components and uses examples in the industry to demonstrate how services are derived from business components, and how they are designed and produced in achieving service virtualisation. This paper also reviews micro-component design in order to achieve macro-component-based service virtualisation.

An infrastructure for developing self-organising services

This paper describes a software package named 'licas' (lightweight internet-based communication for autonomic services) that can be used to build networks of service-based components that have the potential to behave autonomously and self-organise through stigmergic links. Discussed will be how these components are able to self-adapt inside of this infrastructure and also show potential for more intelligent behaviour. The links allow for some reasoning possibilities, both as a result of the links themselves and through monitoring the links for optimisation. One research area that appears to be particularly related to this package is that of complex adaptive systems (CASs) and associated features will be described. Comparisons will also be made with the existing established technologies in the area of service-oriented architectures (SOAs).

Business Process Standards – Current Landscape (Landkarte aktueller Standards zur Beschreibung von Geschäftsprozessen: WS-BPEL, BPEL4People, BPEL-SPE, BPELJ, SCA)

Summary The landscape of current specifications for the description of business processes consists of the Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) as an adopted standard, and a number of functional extensions allowing for human interactions (BPEL4People), sub-processes with life-cycle coupling (BPEL-SPE), and Java integration (BPELJ). Also relevant for the assembly of portable, executable applications is the Service Component Architecture (SCA) which provides a model for service-based components complementing WS-BPEL. This paper provides an overview of the current business process standards landscape and its further evolution.

CoSP2P: A Component-Based Service Model for Peer-to-Peer Systems

The increasing complexity of software development based on peer to peer networks makes necessary the creation of new frameworks in order to simplify the developer's task. Additionally, some applications, e.g. fire detection or security alarms may require real-time constraints and the high level definition of these features eases the application development. In this paper, a service model based on a component model with real-time features is proposed. The high-level model will abstract developers from implementation tasks, such as discovery, communication, security or real-time requirements. The model is oriented to deploy services on small mobile devices, such as sensors, mobile phones and PDAs, where the computation is light-weight. Services can be composed among them by means of the port concept to form complex ad-hoc systems and their implementation is carried out using a component language called UM-RTCOM. In order to apply our proposals a fire detection application is described.

Component design, integration and service transformation in financial industry

Componentisation is the first step in component-based service design; this paper identifies component in business, service and physical layers to build up the alignment and inter-layer interoperability. Related research of this paper is service virtualisation, which is the final stage in service provisioning. This research paper reviews existing literature and uses examples in the industry to demonstrate how services are derived from business components, and how they are designed and produced in achieving service virtualisation. This paper also reviews recent literature in component-based implementation and uses example from the financial industry to review the design process for component-based service virtualisation.

A service-oriented architecture for financial business processes

Recent years have witnessed a tremendous growth in information and communication technologies that facilitate the design and implementation of complex inter-enterprise business processes. One of the major innovations is the concept of service-oriented architectures which considers software systems as being made up with autonomous, dynamic, loosely coupled and service-based components. This paper describes an attempt to automate financial business processes by utilizing a number of basic and composite services. As a case study, the paper describes the implementation of a realistic business process that is related to simulating a trading strategy in capital markets. An evaluation of the appropriateness of service-oriented architectures is conducted taking into account a number of factors such as flexibility, performance and development costs.

Deployment and management of component-based services in active networks

This paper describes an integrated architecture for deployment and management of component-based services on heterogeneous programmable and active network nodes. The approach allows for flexible handling of active services on a fine-grained level thanks to the full component orientation and the application of mature concepts commonly used in enterprise software systems. The main features of the proposed solution are: a hierarchical component service model, two-tiered service deployment architecture with separated network-level and node-level deployment requirement resolution engines, out-of-band node-level-controlled code distribution on demand, as well as deployment and management support for heterogeneous multi-plane distributed active services. The architecture has been implemented and experimentally evaluated within the FAIN project.