Complications Of Blepharoplasty Research Articles

Complications of blepharoplasty.

Blepharoplasty is one of the most commonly performed surgeries for rejuvenation of the periorbital region, yet its complexity is often underappreciated. The surgeon must have a precise understanding of the underlying anatomy from skin to orbital rim and must recognize which components require surgery to achieve a desired aesthetic result in each individual. Understanding the limitations imposed by a particular patient's anatomy and conveying realistic aesthetic expectations are essential to avoid complications. The underpinning of successful blepharoplasty is an awareness of potential complications (Table 1) and understanding how best to avoid them and how to manage them.

Blepharoplasty: A classification of selected techniques in the treatment and prevention of lower lid margin distortions.

In the past few years the approach to lower blepharoplasty complications has evolved. New and worthy preventive and curative treatments have been suggested for both scleral show and ectropion (operations with or without interruption of the lid margin, mucosal grafts, orbicularis flaps, etc.). Among these, several techniques have been chosen and analyzed, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Role of reactive oxygen species in optic nerve compression injury: a preliminary study.

Optic nerve compression is one of the complications in craniofacial surgery and blepharoplasty. We have shown previously that acute and chronic nerve compression produce significant tissue injury in rat sciatic nerve. In the present study the optic nerve was evaluated for possible ischemia/reperfusion injury after acute compression in an animal model. Male New Zealand White rabbits were used in the experiment. The optic nerve was subjected to 2-hour compression followed by reperfusion for 1 hour. Nerve compression was established by banding the optic nerve with silastic tubing. The compressed optic nerve was assayed for malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The TBARS levels increased significantly to 2.5 times normal, from 37+/-6 pmoles per milligram tissue (N=6) to 90+/-12 pmoles per milligram tissue dry weight (N=5) in the compressed/reperfused nerve (p < 0.05). Much of these increases were prevented by treatment with deferoxamine, an iron chelator and antioxidant. The results indicate that optic nerve is injured by acute compression followed by reperfusion. The nerve compression injury appears to be due to reactive oxygen species and can be ameliorated by treatment with free radical scavengers.

Complications Following Blepharoplasty

Surgical correction of eyelid deformities yields a very high level of aesthetic improvement, and fortunately, complications following blepharoplasty are rare. But diligent care is required by nurses to assure that these complications remain uncommon. This article will describe the major and minor complications of traditional blepharoplasty and discuss the nurse's role in risk management to reduce the incidence of these complications.

Reducing eyelid retraction following subperiosteal face lift

The most common complication of lower blepharoplasty is malposition of the lower eyelid. This deformity may present as scleral show, ectropion, entropion, or canthal dystopia, with dry eye or epiphora. These problems occurred frequently in our initial series of patients undergoing blepharoplasty with subperiosteal face lift. The key to prevention lay in avoiding the potential causes of these problems: overresection of eyelid skin, retraction of the orbital septum, orbicularis oculi dysfunction, postoperative swelling, and downward pull from the facial suspension. This article reviews the cases of 14 consecutive patients who underwent a modified subperiosteal face lift with blepharoplasty. Eleven of the patients had a concomitant endoscopically assisted brow lift. This group is compared with a prior series of 16 patients who underwent 12 endoscope-assisted brow lifts without special modifications. The modifications in the second series consisted of the following: (1) Improved patient selection; (2) minimal tissue trauma; (3) intact orbital septum; (4) lengthening of the septum; (5) secure midfacial suspension; (6) three-step lateral canthoplasty; (7) limited resection of skin; and (8) specific postoperative care. Results regarding the incidence of eyelid malposition and reoperations were subjected to Fisher's exact test. In the 14 consecutive patients who underwent the modified procedure, two temporary episodes of lower eyelid malposition occurred (follow-up of 12 to 20 months). In the 16 patients who underwent a nonmodified procedure, five temporary and three permanent episodes of eyelid malposition occurred (follow-up of 20 to 30 months). Fisher's exact test demonstrated a significant difference with a p value of 0.038. Modifications of the subperiosteal face lift and lower blepharoplasty reduced significantly but did not eliminate the incidence of lower eyelid malposition.

Management of complications of blepharoplasty.

Management of complications of blepharoplasty.

New technique of levator lengthening for the retracted upper eyelid

Retraction of the upper eyelid associated with shortening of the levator mechanism occurs most commonly in association with Graves' disease but occasionally arises as a complication of blepharoplasty or other surgical procedures. A new technique of a castellated type aponeurotomy of the levator aponeurosis is carried out to lengthen the levator. This procedure appears to give a predictable, stable and symmetrical result.

Treatment and Prevention of the Five Common Complications of Blepharoplasty

Treatment and Prevention of the Five Common Complications of Blepharoplasty

Repair Of Lower Lid Deformities

The most common complication of blepharoplasty is an unnatural distortion of the lower eyelid. Identification of the underlying anatomic deformities dictates the reconstructive procedures. Emphasis is placed on utilization of the dermal-orbicular pennant lateral canthoplasty.

Complications of blepharoplasty and their management.

BACKGROUND. Blepharoplasty is the most frequently performed cosmetic procedure on the face. Although complications are rare, their consequences can be devastating both the for patient and the surgeon. OBJECTIVE. The complications of blepharoplasty and their management are reviewed.

Blepharoplasty: A Refined Technique Emphasizing Accuracy and Control

Although these techniques may seem demanding in controlling bleeding and avoiding use of local anesthetic, they provide distinct advantages: (1) Morbidity of tissue staining and subsequent ecchymosis is dramatically reduced. (2) Although edema still occurs, additional resolution time for breakdown of hemoglobin in the tissues is reduced, and the patient can resume normal activities with less camouflage makeup more rapidly. (3) Intraoperatively, lack of tissue staining and lack of distortion by local infiltration enable the surgeon to see anatomic structures, detail, and contour irregularities that are simply not visible or identifiable when infiltration has been performed, increasing both the accuracy and safety of the procedure. (4) Strict adherence to the principles of avoiding any dissection and of controlling bleeding deep to the plane of the orbital septum avoids the most dangerous potential complications of blepharoplasty while improving aesthetic results by avoiding overresection of soft-tissue components of the eyelids. (5) All of these techniques increase the accuracy, control, predictability, and safety of blepharoplasty.

Complications of upper and lower blepharoplasty.

Complications of upper and lower blepharoplasty.

Complications Following Blepharoplasty

Surgical correction of eyelid deformities yields a very high level of aesthetic improvement, and fortunately, complications following blepharoplasty are rare. But diligent care is required by nurses to assure that these complications remain uncommon. This article will describe the major and minor complications of traditional blepharoplasty and discuss the nurse's role in risk management to reduce the incidence of these complications.

The Tarsal Tuck Procedure

Eyelid retraction and ectropion are the most common complications of lower blepharoplasty. These complications often occur as a result of removing excessive skin and muscle in the face of a lax lower eyelid. The tarsal tuck technique tightens and stabilizes the lower eyelid, thereby minimizing these complications. The lateral canthus and lower eyelid are elevated with the tarsal tuck, which reduces the amount of skin removal required and avoids the "round eye" appearance.

Complications of Oriental blepharoplasty.

The complications of Oriental blepharoplasty are described according to their clinical appearance and anatomic findings at the time of surgery. The surgical correction of these complications is presented. A total of 42 patients with complications following blepharoplasty were treated. The types of deformities were categorized from their external appearance as asymmetry, retraction and ectropion, blepharoptosis, supratarsal depression, fading of the lid fold, and hemorrhage. The causes of each type of complication are identified according to the intraoperative findings, and the correlation between preoperative and intraoperative findings is explained. Correction of these complications follows identified guidelines, and the results were good to satisfactory.

Complications of Blepharoplasty

Blepharoplasty is one of the most common aesthetic surgeries performed by a variety of surgical specialists. Although blepharoplasty is a relatively straightforward procedure, as with any surgical procedure, complications can arise. Complications range from minor aesthetic nuances to vision-threatening emergencies. This article offers a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of complications arising from upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasties based on recent peer-reviewed literature and the professional experience of the authors. Careful preoperative evaluation, meticulous surgical decision-making, and prompt recognition and treatment of adverse events will minimize their occurrence and magnitude.

Scleral show.

"Scleral show" is an anatomical condition in which the sclera area is visibly exaggerated due to constitutional, evolutive, or endocrine etiology. It can also occur because of iatrogenies, and is considered one of the most complex blepharoplasty complications. Its evolution and poor response to treatment are questionable. The defect is not always linked to an ectropion, and the basic differences between the two are explained. During blepharoplasties, in order to avoid iatrogenic "scleral show," among other complications, one should take special precautions with the quantity and the exact location of the tarsal portion of orbicularis oculi muscle to be resected.

Blepharoplasty. Avoiding plastic eyelids.

The goal of a facial plastic surgeon should be to correct the undesirable conditions for which he has been consulted and to avoid leaving his mark on the patient. By embracing the concept that prevention is better than cure, it is generally possible to avoid the "operated-on look" following cosmetic surgery. We describe a number of safeguards we use to preserve natural-looking eyes following lower lid blepharoplasty in men and women. The most common, permanent complication described following conventional lower lid blepharoplasty is the round eye. The condition is readily identified by an increase in scleral show between the limbus and lower lash margin. Closer evaluation will reveal inferomedial displacement of the lateral commissure, increased slope of the lateral third of each eyelid, a flattened, unanimated, pretarsal component, and an unnatural infralash crease produced by the healed incisional scar. These findings are one step short of ectropion; therefore, the methods herein described should help reduce the incidence of this more dreaded and serious complication of blepharoplasty.

Complications of Blepharoplasty

Various involutional eyelid changes, such as fine rhytids, dynamic laugh lines in the lateral canthal area, secondary malar bags, and dermal pigmentation are not effectively treated by a blepharoplasty. Preoperative discussions are important to ensure that adequate expectations are held. Too often, a patient is informed that fine rhytids and dermal pigmentation can be successfully treated with lid surgery alone. The importance of the preoperative interview in determining patient expectations cannot be minimized. Preoperative ophthalmic and periocular examination is essential to identify any pre-existing pathology. Even though the surgical approach is adapted to the individual needs of each patient, the most meticulous of surgeons is predetermined to encounter his or her share of complications. There is a fine line between a "complication" and a common, but unwanted, sequela of surgery. Patients, overwhelmingly, do have some widening of their palpebral fissures, even following conservative surgery. Unfortunately, this occasionally creates ocular irritation or gross discomfort in allergic or borderline dry eyed patients. Lower eyelid bowing is so common even in the face of minimal skin resection that we do not consider it a "complication" if it does not produce a functional problem. It is humbling for all surgeons to review their blepharoplasty problems and helpful to recognize that, statistically, we are all due to face these events eventually.

Complications of blepharoplasty.

To avert complications of blepharoplasties the surgeon must first communicate with the patient. Once a rapport is established, a thorough preoperative evaluation is performed. It is imperative to determine the expectations of the patient and to communicate the realistic results that can be achieved from surgery. Strict adherence to proper surgical technique is paramount for good postoperative results. If complications occur, correct diagnosis of the etiology of the problem usually leads to a satisfactory resolution.