Complication Of Hip Arthroplasty Research Articles

A finite element model to simulate intraoperative fractures in cementless hip stem designs.

Intraoperative femur fractures are a complication of hip arthroplasty, strongly related to the cementless stem design; this kind of fracture is not always recognised during surgery, and revision surgery may be necessary. The present study aimed to simulate intraoperative crack propagation during stem implantation using subject-specific quasi-static finite element models. Eleven subject-specific finite element femur models were built starting from CT data, and the implant pose and size of a non-commercial cementless stem were identified. The model boundary conditions were set with a compressive load from 1000 N to 10 000 N, to simulate the surgeon's hammering, and element deactivation was used to model the crack propagation. Two damage quantifiers were analysed to identify a threshold value that would allow us to assess if a fracture occurred. A methodology to assess the primary stability of the stem during insertion was also proposed, based on a push-out test. Crack propagation up to the surface was obtained in six patients; in two cases there was no crack generation, while in three patients the crack did not reach the external surface. This study demonstrates the possibility to simulate the propagation of the fracture intraoperatively during hip replacement surgery and generate quantitative information about the bone damage using a virtual cohort of simulated patients with anatomical and physiological variability.

Predictive value of the hospital frailty risk score in perioperative complications of artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in elderly patients

Background Although artificial hip and knee arthroplasty has been widely used, the incidence of perioperative complications remains relatively high due to factors such as long operation time and large surgical incisions. However, the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) clinical value for patients undergoing artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in China is not yet clear. This study aims to explore its clinical value in this population. Objective To explore predictive value of the HFRS in perioperative complications of artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in elderly patients. Methods Elderly patients who underwent artificial hip and knee arthroplasty in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into the non-frail risk group (HFRS <5 points) and the frail risk group (HFRS ≥5 points) on the basis of the literature grading method. 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were assessed. General data including age, sex, ASA classification, preoperative course, and surgical time were collected through the electronic medical record system. The occurrence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis, periprosthetic infection, hematoma, anemia, and overall complications was recorded. Hospitalization days, surgical costs, and total treatment costs were also calculated for all patients. Results There were no significant differences in age, sex, ASA classification, preoperative course, or surgical time between the two groups ( p > 0.05). The frail risk group had significantly higher mFI-5 and CCI scores ( p < 0.05). This group also had a higher incidence of deep venous thrombosis and overall complications ( p < 0.05), but similar rates of periprosthetic infection, hematoma, and anemia ( p > 0.05). ROC analysis showed HFRS had the highest predictive value for postoperative complications (AUC = 0.851) compared to mFI-5 (0.786) and CCI (0.739). Surgical costs were similar ( p > 0.05), but the frail group had longer hospital stays and higher total treatment costs ( p < 0.05). Conclusion HFRS has better predictive value for perioperative complications in elderly patients undergoing artificial hip and knee arthroplasty compared to mFI-5 and CCI scores, and it can be used for predicting perioperative complications in elderly patients with this surgery.

Total Hip Arthroplasty Broach Failure, Incarceration, and Retrieval: A Case Report.

The direct anterior total hip arthroplasty is known for a steep learning curve and femoral-sided intraoperative complications. This is a case report of a failure of femoral broach with a subsequent incarcerated femoral broach and novel extraction technique during a direct anterior total hip arthroplasty. This rare complication has only one other report in the literature. Femoral broach failure is a rare complication of direct anterior hip arthroplasty. Surgeons should be familiar with alternative extraction techniques to safely remove an incarcerated broach.

Total Hip Arthroplasty Complications in Sickle Cell Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Microvascular occlusions caused by sickle-shaped erythrocytes in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can lead to increased intraoperative and postoperative complications during total hip arthroplasty (THA). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the overall rate of complications following THA in patients with SCD and to identify the predictors of these complications including the surgical approach. Methods: The search was conducted across the grey literature, Google Scholar, and seven databases: Scopus, MEDLINE Central/PubMed, ProQuest, SciELO, SAGE, and Web of Science. All observational studies reporting the proportional THA complications in SCD were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. The random effect model was applied to estimate the pooled outcomes. A sub-group analysis for the different approaches was performed. A sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were used to explain heterogeneity and to identify the THA complication predictors. Results: Of 3230 citations, only 23 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of total primary THA complications in patients with SCD was 42% (95% CI: 30-56%, I2 = 95%). The sub-group analysis highlighted the anterolateral approach as the approach accompanied with the least complications. The meta-regression revealed that the anterolateral approach decreases the complications significantly, -28.67 (95%CI, -56.45--0.88, p = 0.044), while the number of hips increased the complications by 0.43 (95%CI, 0.30-0.57, p < 0.001). Male gender, age, lateral approach, and HbSS non-significantly affect the THA complications in SCD 52.05, 0.18, 6.06, and 55.78, respectively. The pooled proportions for an SCD crisis 9% (95%CI, 5-14%, I2 = 61%), dislocation 4% (95%CI: 2-7%, I2 = 66%), aseptic loosening 12% (95%CI, 7-20%, I2 = 91%), revision 6% (3-11, I2 = 92%), heterotopic ossification 12% (95%CI, 3-35%, I2 = 95%), and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) 6% (95%CI, 3-11%, I2 = 92%). The most fitted model of meta-regression illustrated that HbSS significantly increases PJI, 0.05 (95%CI: 0.02-0.08, p = 0.009), and male gender and age non-significantly increase PJI, 2.28 (95%CI: -4.99-13.56, p = 0.311) and 0.001 (95%CI: -0.27-0.27, p = 0.990), respectively. Meanwhile, the anterolateral, lateral, and posterior approaches non-significantly decrease PJI, -3.55, -0.92, and -1.27, respectively. The pooled proportion for a sickle cell disease crisis after revision was 16% (95%CI: 6-36%, I2 = 0) and for aseptic loosening after revision, it was 24% (95%CI: 12-43%, I2 = 0). Conclusions: This study revealed the high rate of complications in patients with SCD and highlighted that the anterolateral approach was associated with the lowest rate of complications. Furthermore, this study illustrated that homozygous (HbSS) individuals are more susceptible to prosthetic joint infection.

Aspirin as Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Arthroplasty Patients: An Analysis of Clinical Practice Guidelines Recommendations

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a recognized postoperative complication of hip or knee arthroplasty and incurs major morbidity and mortality. While anticoagulants are the mainstay of chemoprophylaxis, aspirin has recently emerged as a popular prophylactic agent. However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence comparing aspirin to anticoagulants as a method of VTE prophylaxis, and current guidelines are conflicting regarding using aspirin as first-line chemoprophylaxis. We aimed to investigate guideline characteristics that are associated with the recommendation for or against aspirin as a first-line agent. MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PubMed databases were searched from 1966 to January 2024 to identify clinical practice guidelines for VTE prophylaxis in adult hip or knee arthroplasty inpatients of average risk. The characteristics of the guideline were collected by 2 independent reviewers. Logistic regression was used to test the association between the recommendation for or against aspirin and guideline characteristics. ResultsThere were 26 guidelines published from February 2003 to September 2023 and included in this study. There were 5 guidelines that recommended aspirin and 11 guidelines that recommended against aspirin as first-line therapy. With a more recent year of publication, aspirin was more likely to be recommended (odds ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.05 to 2.84) and less likely to be recommended against (odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.41 to 0.90). No other variables, including the level of evidence used, the composition of the guideline working group, or the objective of the guideline, were associated with the recommendation for or against aspirin. ConclusionsGuidelines were inconsistent in their recommendations regarding aspirin as first-line therapy as VTE prophylaxis in arthroplasty patients. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials using modern practices, such as early postoperative mobilization, are needed to better inform clinical practice guidelines.

Effects of Cerclage Cabling on Preventing Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures When Using Cementless Stems for Unstable Femoral Neck Fractures

BackgroundPeriprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) are serious complications in hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. The rates of intraoperative (iPFFs) and postoperative PFFs (pPFFs) are higher in cementless stem cases than in cemented cases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cerclage cabling on PFF prevention in cementless arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. MethodsThis retrospective study included 329 consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroplasty using a cementless stem for femoral neck fractures. A total of 159 and 170 patients were in the non-cabling and cabling groups, respectively. Patient characteristics were comparable in both groups. The PFF occurrence (iPFF and pPFF) rates, reoperation rates, operative time, and blood loss volume were compared between the groups. ResultsThe iPFF rate was significantly higher in the noncabling group (6.3%) than in the cabling group (0%, P < .001). The rate of pPFF was significantly higher in the non-cabling group (5.1%) than in the cabling group (0.6%; P = .016). All patients in the non-cabling group required reoperation (5.1%), whereas the patient in the cabling group was an ambulatory case and required no reoperation (0%, P = .003). No significant difference in either operative time or blood loss volume was observed between the non-cabling (50 minutes, 133 mL) and cabling (52 minutes, P = .244; 149 mL, P = .212, respectively) groups. ConclusionsWhen a cementless stem is used to treat unstable femoral neck fractures, cerclage cabling effectively prevents iPPF and pPPF without increasing surgical time or blood loss volume.

External Validation of the Joint-Specific Bone Involvement, Antimicrobial Options, Coverage of the Soft Tissues, and Host Status (JS-BACH) Classification for Predicting Outcome in Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Cohort of 653 Patients

BackgroundPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication in hip and knee joint arthroplasty. The “Joint-Specific Bone Involvement, Antimicrobial Options, Coverage of the Soft Tissues, and Host Status (JS-BACH)” classification system was developed in 2021 to stratify the complexity of PJI, and more importantly, to act as a tool to guide referrals to specialist centers. The “JS-BACH” classification has not been validated in an external cohort. This study aimed to do so using a large prospective cohort from Australia and New Zealand. MethodsWe applied the JS-BACH classification to the Prosthetic Joint Infection in Australia and New Zealand Observational (PIANO) cohort. This prospective study of newly diagnosed PJI collected 2-year outcome data from 653 participants enrolled in 27 hospitals. The definition of PJI treatment failure at 24 months was any of the following: death, clinical or microbiological signs of infection, destination prosthesis removed, or ongoing antibiotic use.Individual cases were classified as per JS-BACH into “1: uncomplicated” (n = 268), “2: complex” (n = 330), and “3: limited options” (n = 55). This cohort was similar to the original JS-BACH population in terms of baseline characteristics. However, there was a difference in complexity, with more debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention procedures, fewer revision procedures, and a higher proportion of uncomplicated patients in the PIANO cohort. ResultsThe risk of treatment failure correlated strongly with the JS-BACH category, with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for category 2 versus 1 of 1.75 (1.24 to 2.47) and for category 3 versus 1 of 7.12 (3.42 to 16.02). ConclusionsDespite the PIANO study population being less complicated than the original derivation cohort, the JS-BACH classification showed a clear association with treatment failure in this large external cohort.

Analysis of modular taper fractures of the revision hip stem Prevision and comparison of the original and current taper design.

The risk of mechanical failure of modular revision hip stems is frequently mentioned in the literature, but little is currently known about the actual clinical failure rates of this type of prosthesis. The current retrospective long-term analysis examines the distal and modular failure patterns of the Prevision hip stem from 18 years of clinical use. A design improvement of the modular taper was introduced in 2008, and the data could also be used to compare the original and the current design of the modular connection. We performed an analysis of the Prevision modular hip stem using the manufacturer's vigilance database and investigated different mechanical failure patterns of the hip stem from January 2004 to December 2022. Two mechanical failure patterns were identified: fractures in the area of the distal fluted profile (distal stem fracture) and failure of the modular taper (modular fracture). A failure rate of 0.07% was observed for distal stem fracture, and modular fracture rates of 1.74% for the original and 0.013% for the current taper design. A low risk of mechanical failure for both fracture types was observed compared to other known complications in revision hip arthroplasty. In addition, the data show that a design change did significantly reduce the risk of a modular fracture.

Aspirin prophylaxis is not associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism in arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures: a non-inferiority study.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known complication of hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures (FNF) with various prophylactic anticoagulants utilized to decrease risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and perioperative outcomes associated with aspirin for VTE prophylaxis following arthroplasty for FNF. Medical records of 1,220 patients who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty (HHA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) at an urban academic center from 2011 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics and perioperative outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), VTE, 90-day hospital encounters, and discharge disposition, were collected. Outcomes for patients prescribed aspirin (n = 214) were compared to those prescribed non-aspirin VTE prophylaxis (n = 1006) using propensity score matching. Patients who received aspirin had higher rates of THA (36.0 vs 26.7%; p = 0.008). There were no significant risk-adjusted differences in the incidence of VTE (0.5 vs 0.5%, p = 1.000) and 90-day readmissions (10.4 vs 12.3%, p = 0.646) between patients prescribed aspirin and non-aspirin VTE prophylaxis, respectively. Patients prescribed non-aspirin agents had higher rates of non-home discharge (73.9 vs 58.5%; p < 0.001) and longer LOS (143.5 vs 124.9h; p = 0.005). Sub-analysis of patients prescribed aspirin and non-aspirin prophylaxis based on comorbidity scores demonstrated no difference in VTE incidence for low (0.0 vs 1.6%, p = 1.000) and high scores (0.0 vs 0.0%, p = 1.000), respectively. Aspirin is not associated with increased incidence of VTE after HHA or THA for FNF. Aspirin prophylaxis should be considered in hip fracture patients to mitigate bleeding risk, particularly those with low to intermediate VTE risk. Level III, Retrospective study.

Rethinking risk prediction: The role of albumin and other parameters in implant-associated complications after hip or knee arthroplasty.

Total hip (THA) or knee (TKA) arthroplasty is still a traumatic and challenging operation that induces inflammation, with a particularly high risk of acute-phase reaction. The aim of this study was to predict the likelihood of implant-associated complications during the preoperative and postoperative course. The prospective observational, non-interventional study of patients diagnosed with primary knee or hip osteoarthrosis undergoing THA or TKA during the study period was conducted. The inflammatory and malnutrition parameters were collected for each patient one day before surgery, two days after surgery, and in outpatient follow-up. Of 159 patients analysed, 12 developed implant-associated complications. The albumin, prealbumin, Intensive Care Infection Score (ICIS), Nutritional Risk Index, and white blood cell counts were found to be potential predictors. Notably, preoperative albumin levels significantly differed between groups with and without complications (P-value = 0.042). Our study definitively shows that WBC, prealbumin, Nutritional Risk Index, ICIS as a novel marker, and significantly albumin, outperform C-reactive protein in predicting implant-associated complications in hip and knee arthroplasty.

Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection After Hip Arthroplasty; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

One of the worrisome complications of hip arthroplasty is surgical site infection (SSI). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SSI after hip arthroplasty. A comprehensive and systematic exploration was conducted across various international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, alongside Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and the Scientific Information Database (SID). This search strategy entailed the utilization of Medical Subject Headings-derived keywords such as "Prevalence," "Surgical wound infection," "Surgical site infection," and "Arthroplasty," spanning from the earliest records up to January 1, 2024. Each study's weight was assigned based on its inverse variance. A forest plot visualization was used to assess the studies' heterogeneity. Data on sample size and SSI frequency were compiled for each study to calculate the overall effect size. The study encompassed a cumulative participant cohort of 1,070,638 hip arthroplasty procedures drawn from seventeen selected studies. Notably, the female gender constituted 59.10% of the overall participant demographic. The aggregate SSI among patients undergoing hip arthroplasty was estimated to be 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3% to 2.8%; I2=99.688%; P<0.001). The results of the meta-regression analysis unveiled a statistically significant correlation between the prevalence of SSIs after hip arthroplasty and the year of publication (Coefficient=-0.0020; 95% CI: -0.0021 to -0.0018; Z=-19.39, P<0.001). The study findings indicated a prevalence rate of 1.9% for SSI following hip arthroplasty. This prevalence underscores the importance of vigilance in infection prevention and management strategies within orthopedic surgery. However, it is essential to acknowledge the variability in SSI prevalence observed across diverse studies, which can be attributed to multifaceted factors, notably variances in patient populations and associated risk factors.

Slaugytojų vaidmuo, siekiant išvengti klubo sąnario endoprotezavimo komplikacijų pooperaciniu laikotarpiu

Abstract. Hip joint replacement is one of the most popular operations in orthopedics. During the surgical procedure, the hip joint is replaced with a prosthesis, therefore, after this operation, in order to avoid complications, the role of nurses is very important, which must be reflected in professionalism and responsibility. It should be noted that nurses must not only perform general care, but also involve the patient in the nursing process, i.e. discuss the care plan, carry out training so that the patient feels safe and self-confident.&#x0D; The aim of the research based on a review of the scientific literature, to analyze the role of nurses in order to prevent hip arthroplasty complications in the postoperative period.&#x0D; Research methods. The systematic scientific literature review was prepared using the PRISMA (Perferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and MetaAnalyses) method. Scientific articles were searched in the three main electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Ceeol in Lithuanian and English, in the period 2011– 2021. To search for scientific publications, use terms that correspond to the purpose of the study (hip joint replacement, postoperative complications, nursing, the role of the nurse), where a total of 14 (n = 14) scientific articles were selected and included.

Use of topical vancomycin powder in total joint arthroplasty: Why the current literature is inconsistent?

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but terrible complication in hip and knee arthroplasty, and the use of topical vancomycin powder (VP) has been investigated as a tool to potentially reduce its incidence. However, there remains no consensus on its efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview on the application of topical vancomycin in orthopaedic surgery focusing on the recent evidence and results in total joint arthroplasty. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses on topical VP in hip and knee arthroplasty have been recently published reporting sometimes conflicting results. Apart from all being limited by the quality of the included studies (mostly level III and IV), confounding variables are often included potentially leading to biased conclusions. If taken into consideration the exclusive use of VP in isolation, the available data, although very limited, suggest that it does not reduce the infection rate in routine primary hip and knee arthroplasty. Therefore, we still cannot advise for a routinary application. A properly powered randomized-controlled trial would be necessary to clarify the role of VP in hip and knee arthroplasty. Based on the analysis of the current evidence, the use of topical VP appears to be safe when used locally in terms of systemic adverse reactions, hence, if proven to be effective, it could bring great benefits due to its low cost and accessibility.

Total hip arthroplasty complications in patients with chronic kidney disease: A comparison study

BackgroundIt has been noted in the literature that there are increased complication rates following total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, there is little data directly comparing outcomes in patients undergoing THA for osteoarthritis (OA) versus ESRD or CKD with OA. The objective of this study is to illustrate the risk of developing postoperative complications after THA in the CKD and ESRD populations by stage of disease when compared to a control group (OA) and thus better equip orthopaedic providers in the care of these patients. MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was utilized to identify patients undergoing elective THA from 2006 to 2015 with OA, ESRD, and CKD. The prevalence of preoperative comorbidities and the incidence of numerous postoperative complications broken into categories were examined. ResultsBetween 2006 and 2015 the NIS database reported 4,350,961 patients diagnosed with OA, 8355 diagnosed with ESRD, and 104,313 diagnosed with CKD undergoing THA. The incidence of wound hematoma (2.5% vs. 0.8%; p < .0001), wound infection (0.7% vs. 0.4%; p = .0319), cardiac (1.3% vs. 0.6%; p = .0067), urinary (3.9% vs. 2.0%; p < .0001), and pulmonary complications (2.2% vs. 0.5%; p < .0001) occurred more frequently in patients with OA and ESRD when compared to only OA patients. For patients with OA and CKD, stages 3–5 saw at least half of the complication categories occur at significantly higher rates than OA patients. ConclusionThis study shows that patients with ESRD and CKD have increased rates of complications after THA. This study's specific breakdown by stage and complication can benefit orthopaedic surgeons and practitioners in realistic pre and postoperative planning and provides data that could benefit decision making on bundled reimbursement for this specific patient population, as providers could better account for the postoperative complications noted above and their associated costs.

Implantatassoziierte Komplikationen in der Hüftendoprothetik: Biologische Reaktionen des „Microenvironments“ auf das Implantat

Implantatassoziierte Komplikationen in der Hüftendoprothetik: Biologische Reaktionen des „Microenvironments“ auf das Implantat

Effect of spinal versus general anesthesia on thirty-day outcomes following total hip arthroplasty: A matched-pair cohort analysis

Study objectiveIt has not yet been established whether total hip arthroplasty complications are associated with anesthetic technique (spinal versus general). This study assessed the effect of spinal versus general anesthesia on health care resource utilization and secondary endpoints following total hip arthroplasty. DesignPropensity-matched cohort analysis. SettingAmerican College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participating hospitals from 2015 to 2021. PatientsPatients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (n = 223,060). InterventionsNone. MeasurementsThe a priori study duration was 2015 to 2018 (n = 109,830). The primary endpoint was 30-day unplanned resource utilization, namely readmission and reoperation. Secondary endpoints included 30-day wound complications, systemic complications, bleeding events, and mortality. The impact of anesthetic technique was investigated with univariate analyses, multivariable analyses, and survival analyses. Main resultsThe 1:1 propensity-matched cohort included 96,880 total patients (48,440 in each anesthesia group) from 2015 to 2018. On univariate analysis, spinal anesthesia was associated with a lower incidence of unplanned resource utilization (3.1% [1486/48440] vs 3.7% [1770/48440]; odds ratio [OR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78 to 0.90]; P < .001), systemic complications (1.1% [520/48440] vs 1.5% [723/48440]; OR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.64 to 0.80]; P < .001), and bleeding events requiring transfusion (2.3% [1120/48440] vs 4.9% [2390/48440]; OR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.42 to 0.49]; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, spinal anesthesia remained an independent predictor of unplanned resource utilization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.78 to 0.90]; c = 0.646), systemic complications (AOR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81]; c = 0.676), and bleeding events (AOR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.42 to 0.49]; c = 0.686). Hospital length of stay was also shorter in the spinal anesthesia cohort (2.15 vs 2.24 days; mean difference, −0.09 [95% CI, −0.12 to −0.07]; P < .001). Similar findings were observed in the cohort from 2019 to 2021. ConclusionsTotal hip arthroplasty patients receiving spinal anesthesia experience favorable outcomes compared to propensity-matched general anesthesia patients.

Increased Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Knee and Hip Prosthetic Joint Infection

BackgroundPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of knee and hip arthroplasty. Past literature has shown that gram-positive bacteria are commonly responsible for these infections, although limited research exists studying the changes in the microbial profile of PJIs over time. This study sought to analyze the incidence and trends of pathogens responsible for PJI over three decades. MethodsThis is a multi-institutional retrospective review of patients who had a knee or hip PJI from 1990 to 2020. Patients with a known causative organism were included and those with insufficient culture sensitivity data were excluded. There were 731 eligible joint infections from 715 patients identified. Organisms were divided into multiple categories based on genus/species and 5-year increments were used to analyze the study period. The Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to evaluate linear trends in microbial profile over time and a P-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsThere was a statistically significant positive linear trend in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus over time (P = .0088) as well as a statistically significant negative linear trend in the incidence of coagulase-negative staphylococci over time (P = .0018). There was no statistical significance between organism and affected joint (knee/hip). ConclusionThe incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PJI is increasing over time, whereas, coagulase-negative staphylococci PJI is decreasing, paralleling the global trend of antibiotic resistance. Identifying these trends may help with the prevention and treatment of PJI through methods such as remodeling perioperative protocols, modifying prophylactic/empiric antimicrobial approaches, or transitioning to alternative therapeutic strategies.

Hypoalbuminemia Caused by Malnutrition and Total Joint Arthroplasties: A Narrative Review

Background: Albumin is the most abundant soluble protein in plasma, and it is a widely used and low-cost marker for the diagnosis of malnutrition. The serum albumin level below 35 g/L defines hypoalbuminemia. Objective: This review aims to discuss the role of albumin in the body, review hypoalbuminemia associated with postoperative complications in total joint arthroplasty surgeries, and examine the impact of nutritional interventions in malnutrition patients submitted to total joint arthroplasty. Method: This article is a narrative review of the literature. Results: Preoperative hypoalbuminemia has been identified as the only significant predictor for surgical site infection and delayed wound healing after total joint arthroplasty. The postoperative complications related to hypoalbuminemia are infection of the surgical site, pneumonia, length of hospital stay, reintervention, and death. As a result, hypoalbuminemia is also associated with a higher cost of hospitalization for patients. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition are causes of postoperative complications of hip arthroplasty, and the control of these conditions can lead to better results in the postoperative period.

An interleukin-1 polymorphism additionally intensified by atopy as prognostic factor for aseptic non-mechanical complications in metal knee and hip arthroplasty.

In contrast to infection or mechanical issues joint replacement failure following inflammatory adverse reactions is poorly understood. To assess the association of IL-1β polymorphisms and history of allergy with aseptic non-mechanical complications following arthroplasty. In 102 patients with aseptic non-mechanically caused symptomatic knee or hip arthroplasty (SA) and 93 patients with asymptomatic arthroplasty (AA) questionnaire-based history, patch test with at least standard series, lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) with nickel, cobalt and chromium and interleukin-1 polymorphism analysis were done. Three polymorphisms of the IL1B gene [IL-1b -3954 (rs1143634), IL-1b -511 (rs16944) and IL-1b -31 (rs1143627)] and one polymorphism of the IL1RN gene [IL1RN intron 2, variable number of tandem repeats, VNTR (rs2234663)] were assessed by PCR and gel electrophoresis. We found no significant difference in smoking history and atopy but 25% versus 10% of self-reported metal allergy in SA versus AA; the patch test (respective, LTT) for metal sensitivity was more often positive in SA patients. The allele 498 bp of the IL1RN polymorphism occurred significantly more often in the SA group (37% versus 11%; p < 0.0001). Upon additional presence of atopy, the difference was even greater (60% vs 10%) (p < 0.000001). There was no association of IL-1 polymorphisms with metal allergy. The IL1RN VNTR allele 498 bp was strongly associated with SA. In patients with a history of atopy, presence of the IL1RN VNTR allele 498 bp led to a four-fold higher SA prevalence compared to patients without this allele.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria peri-prosthetic joint infection: An outcome analysis for two stage revision arthroplasty.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria periprosthetic joint infection (NTMPJI) is a rare complication of hip or knee joint arthroplasty. The experience for outcomes of NTMPJI treatment is still limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcome of hip or knee nontuberculous mycobacteria periprosthetic joint infection following treatment with two-stage exchange arthroplasty. From 1995 to 2020, 12 patients with NTMPJI were treated with two-stage exchange arthroplasty at our institution. We collected and analyzed variables including demographic data, comorbidity, microbiological data, treatment outcome and antibiotic formula in bone cement. Mycobacterium abcessus (n = 6) and Mycobacterium chelonae (n = 2) constitute the majority of the cases. Five patients had early-onset PJIs and the other seven patients were late onset. The success rate of two-stage exchange arthroplasty was 66.7% (8 of 12). Three patients experienced infection relapse, and one patient had soft tissue compromise complication. Post-operative antibiotic therapy may not improve the success rate (4 of 6 cases, 66.7%). Based on in vitro study, the most commonly used effective antibiotic in bone cement spacer for nontuberculous mycobacteria was amikacin. nontuberculous mycobacteria is a rare cause of PJIs and should be suspected especially in relatively immunocompromised patients. Resection arthroplasty with staged reimplantation is the preferred approach. Prolonged post-operative antibiotic therapy before reimplantation may not improve the success rate. Delayed revision surgery may not be needed and can be performed once C-reactive protein level is normal after a drug holiday.