Complications In Chinese Patients Research Articles

EE156 Temporal Excess Hospital Costs of Complications in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Register (2007-2018)

EE156 Temporal Excess Hospital Costs of Complications in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Register (2007-2018)

Identification of a Common Variant for Coronary Heart Disease at PDE1A Contributes to Individualized Treatment Goals and Risk Stratification of Cardiovascular Complications in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

In this study we aim to unravel genetic determinants of coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explore their applications. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study for CHD in Chinese patients with T2D (3,596 case and 8,898 control subjects), followed by replications in European patients with T2D (764 case and 4,276 control subjects) and general populations (n = 51,442-547,261). Each identified variant was examined for its association with a wide range of phenotypes and its interactions with glycemic, blood pressure (BP), and lipid controls in incident cardiovascular diseases. We identified a novel variant (rs10171703) for CHD (odds ratio 1.21 [95% CI 1.13-1.30]; P = 2.4 × 10-8) and BP (β ± SE 0.130 ± 0.017; P = 4.1 × 10-14) at PDE1A in Chinese T2D patients but found only a modest association with CHD in general populations. This variant modulated the effects of BP goal attainment (130/80 mmHg) on CHD (Pinteraction = 0.0155) and myocardial infarction (MI) (Pinteraction = 5.1 × 10-4). Patients with CC genotype of rs10171703 had >40% reduction in either cardiovascular events in response to BP control (2.9 × 10-8 < P < 3.6 × 10-5), those with CT genotype had no difference (0.0726 < P < 0.2614), and those with TT genotype had a threefold increase in MI risk (P = 6.7 × 10-3). We discovered a novel CHD- and BP-related variant at PDE1A that interacted with BP goal attainment with divergent effects on CHD risk in Chinese patients with T2D. Incorporating this information may facilitate individualized treatment strategies for precision care in diabetes, only when our findings are validated.

Low-risk Lifestyle and Health Factors and Risk of Mortality and Vascular Complications in Chinese Patients With Diabetes.

BackgroundThere is an evidence gap about whether a low-risk lifestyle is as important as achieving blood pressure (BP) and random blood glucose (RBG) control.ObjectivesTo explore the long-term impacts and relative importance of low-risk lifestyle and health factors on the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality and macrovascular and microvascular complications among patients with diabetes.MethodsThis study included 26,004 diabetes patients in the China Kadoorie Biobank. We defined 5 lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and waist-to-hip ratio) and 2 health factors (BP and RBG). Cox regression was used to yield adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and CIs for individual and combined lifestyle and health factors with the risks of diabetes-related outcomes.ResultsThere were 5063 deaths, 6848 macrovascular complications, and 2055 microvascular complications that occurred during a median follow-up of 10.2 years. Combined low-risk lifestyle factors were associated with lower risk of all main outcomes, with HRs (95% CIs) for participants having 4 to 5 low-risk factors vs 0 to 1 of 0.50 (0.44-0.57) for all-cause mortality, 0.55 (0.43-0.71) for cancer mortality, 0.60 (0.54-0.67) for macrovascular complications, and 0.75 (0.62-0.91) for microvascular complications. The combined 4 to 5 low-risk lifestyle factors showed relative importance in predicting all-cause and cancer mortality and macrovascular complications.ConclusionsAssuming causality exists, our findings suggest that adopting a low-risk lifestyle should be regarded as important as achieving ideal BP and glycemic goals in the prevention and management of diabetes-related adverse outcomes.

IDF21-0357 Association of Sodium and Potassium intake with Incidence of Diabetic Complications in Chinese patients with diabetes

Background: Recent studies have shown that high sodium and low potassium diet may be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, there is little evidence on the relationship between sodium or potassium intake and microvascular complications in individuals with diabetes.

Associated clinical factors of diabetic complications in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes

Background: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is high among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. There is limited evidence in understanding the relationships between individual-level clinical indicators of MetS and diabetes complications among Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes. Aims and Objectives: This study described the characteristics of patients with Type 2 diabetes in terms of the prevalence of MetS and clinical factors related to the common diabetes complications. Materials and Methods: Patients (n = 402) with Type 2 diabetes admitted to a tertiary hospital in Beijing were included in the study. Using patients' retrospective data, logistic regression was applied to determine the associated clinical factors of common diabetic complications. Results: In this sample, the prevalence of MetS was 84.3%, with the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, microvascular, and macrovascular complications being 59.7%, 63.4%, and 61.7%, respectively. Our results showed that the diastolic blood pressure was significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy, while the levels of C peptide and fasting glucose were significantly related to diabetic nephropathy. Meanwhile, the regression also showed that the waist to hip ratio (WHR) is a significant indicator for the development of macrovascular complications. A 0.1 increase in the WHR will increase the chances of having carotid artery disease by 1.29 folds. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that the prevalence of MetS and the common diabetic complications are relevantly high in this sample. Our findings suggest that reducing the WHR, controlling blood pressure, and improving glycemic control following clinical guidelines are essential to prevent or slow the progression of diabetes complications among patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Low-risk lifestyle and health factors and risk of mortality and vascular complications in Chinese patients with diabetes

Low-risk lifestyle and health factors and risk of mortality and vascular complications in Chinese patients with diabetes

Prevalence, risk factors and management of ocular hypertension or glaucoma in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

Background/aimsThis study was performed to examine the prevalence, risk factors and treatment outcome of OHT/glaucoma in Chinese patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH).MethodsRetrospective non-interventional case series were conducted on a total of...

Bleeding, thrombosis and transfusion in patients on ECMO: A retrospective study in a tertiary center in Hong Kong.

Use of anticoagulation in patients on ECMO, especially in Chinese, has always been difficult. This study aimed to review the incidence of bleeding, thrombosis, and transfusion requirement in Chinese ECMO patients and to identify risk factors for bleeding complications. This was a retrospective observational study of a tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2018. Patients aged ⩾18 years who received ECMO were included. The primary outcome was incidence of bleeding. Secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, hospital mortality, and length of the ICU and hospital stay. Of the 130 patients, 55(42.3%) had at least one bleeding events and thrombosis occurred in 37(28.5%). A lower fibrinogen level (adjusted OR 0.56 (0.36-0.86), p = 0.009), bloodstream infection (adjusted OR 2.76 (1.01-7.53), p = 0.047) and longer duration on ECMO (adjusted OR 1.14 (1.02-1.27), p = 0.018) were independently associated with occurrence of bleeding. APTT (adjusted OR 0.99 (0.97-1.01), p = 0.370) and platelet count (adjusted OR 1.00 (0.98-1.01), p = 0.632) were not statistically significant risk factors for bleeding events. Bleeding and thrombosis were common complications in Chinese patients receiving ECMO. Hypofibrinogenemia and bloodstream infection, but not APTT nor platelet counts, were independent risk factors for bleeding events.

Factors associated with resistance to complications in long-standing type 1 diabetes in China.

ObjectiveType 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with a higher risk of premature death, but there are factors in certain patients with T1DM that protect them from complications and premature death. These factors had not been identified in non-Caucasian populations, so we aimed to identify factors that protect against the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in long-standing T1DM in China.MethodsNinety-five T1DM patients with >30 years’ duration of diabetes were enrolled in this nationwide study. Differences between groups of patients with and without complications were compared, and multivariable regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between candidate protective factors and the development of DN or DR.ResultsThirty of the participants did not have DN and the same amount did not have DR. 6/52 of participants without DN were from a rural area, whereas 11/28 of participants with DN had been born in a rural area (P = 0.005). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in participants with DN (135 ± 26 mmHg vs 121 ± 13 mmHg; P = 0.002). In participants without DR, 27/30 were married or cohabitating, and only 3/30 were single, never married, or widowed, but for those with proliferative DR (PDR), 13/26 had been married (P = 0.003). A rural or urban origin and SBP were associated with DN in the multivariable analysis.Conclusionwe have shown that higher socioeconomic status, indicated by birth in an urban area, and being married or cohabitating, are accompanied by better blood pressure control and a lower risk of microvascular complications in Chinese patients with long-standing T1DM. These findings illustrate the importance of improving care for patients with T1DM in China.

MiR-3188 (rs7247237-C>T) Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Is Associated With the Incidence of Vascular Complications in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

miR-3188, one of the earliest discovered microRNAs, is involved in regulating the mTOR-p-PI3K/AKT pathway, thus affecting the progression of diabetic complications. In this study, we observed that the miR-3188 (rs7247237-C>T) polymorphism not only affected the production of nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells, but also significantly associated with the incidence of vascular complications in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Mechanistic analyses indicate that miR-3188 (rs7247237-T) polymorphism inhibited its own expression and upregulated the expression of gstm1 and trib3, which impairs NO production in human endothelial cells through inactivating AKT/eNOS signal transduction pathway. In addition, our clinical retrospective study indicated that, compared with patients with the CC genotype (n = 351), patients with rs7247237 TT + CT genotypes (n = 580) exhibited an increased risk of major vascular events during intensive glucose control treatment (hazard ratio = 1.560; 95% CI: 1.055-2.307, P = 0.025). Simultaneously, the risk of major vascular events was marginally decreased in patients with the CC genotype during intensive glucose control treatment compared with standard treatment (hazard ratio = 0.666; 95% CI: 0.433-1.016, P = 0.053). Our findings indicate that the miR-3188 (rs7247237-C>T) polymorphism is associated with the incidence of vascular complications in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, likely due to its remarkable effect on miR-3188 expression.

Predictive value of 3 different risk stratification models for patients after congenital heart surgeries

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of 3 different risk stratification models including the risk adjustment in congenital heart surgery-1 (RACHS-1), Aristotle basic complexity (ABC), and Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for cardiothoracic surgery congenital heart surgery mortality score (STAT) risk scoring system for death and major complications in patients after congenital heart surgeries. Methods: A total of 3 578 patients (age<18 years old) received surgery for congenital heart diseases from January to December 2015 in Fuwai hospital were enrolled, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The congenital heart disease patients were 1.7 (0.8, 4.5) years old, and the male accounted for 54.3% (1 943 cases).Death after surgery and major complications including use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, bedside thoracotomy, peritoneal dialysis for renal failure, bedside hemofiltration for renal failure, tracheotomy, reoperation for mediastinum infection, reoperation for heart in hospital were observed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to evaluate the predictive value for mortality after surgery and major complications with RACHS-1, ABC, and STAT risk scoring systems. Results: The mortality after surgery was 0.4% (14/3 578) , and the rate of major complications was 3.2% (113/3 578) . For mortality after surgery, areas under the ROC curve were 0.682 (95%CI 0.570-0.795, P=0.002), 0.722 (95%CI 0.612-0.832, P<0.001), and 0.753 (95%CI 0.659-0.847, P<0.001) with RACHS-1, ABC and STAT risk scoring systems, respectively. For major complications, areas under the ROC curve were 0.709 (95%CI 0.667-0.751, P<0.001), 0.743 (95%CI 0.702-0.784, P<0.001), and 0.731 (95%CI 0.693-0.770, P<0.001) with RACHS-1, ABC and STAT risk scoring systems, respectively. Conclusion: STAT risk scoring system is superior to RACHS-1 and ABC risk scoring systems on predicting death after surgery, and ABC risk scoring system is superior to RACHS-1 and STAT risk scoring systems on predicting major complications in Chinese patients with congenital heart disease in the single center.

Wednesday, September 26, 2018 7:35 AM–9:00 AM ePosters: P88. Medical complications and risk factors after long level spinal fusion for adult degeneration scoliosis

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) treated with long level internal fixation surgery is known for its high incidence of complications. PURPOSE The propose of this study was to determine current medical complication rates and the predictors of each individual medical complication in surgical ASD patients. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A retrospective review comparative database was used to evaluate long level internal fixation surgery for adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) patients. PATIENT SAMPLE One hundred and fifty-three ADS patients who underwent long level spinal fusion were included. The total medical complication incidence was 26.1%, which included infection (13.1%), neurological (12.4%), cardiopulmonary (10.5%), gastrointestinal (5.2%), and renal (1.3%) complications. OUTCOME MEASURES The radiological measurements included Cobb angle, PI-LL, lumbar lordosis (LL), spondylolisthesis, C7 sagittal vertical axis (C7SVA), the proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), and pseudarthrosis. Clinical outcomes were collected preoperatively and last follow-up after surgery. Clinical outcomes include metrics of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Lumbar Stiffness Disability Index (LSDI). METHODS The patient- and surgical-related risk factors for each individual medical complication were identified by using univariate testing. Patients were separated into groups of with and without medical complication, into groups of with and without infection, into groups with and without neurological complications, and into groups with and without cardiopulmonary complications, retrospectively. Potential risk factors were identified using univariate testing. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to evaluate independent predictors of medical complications. RESULTS Patient-related independent risk factors for development of medical complications included diabetes (OR 2.87, P=.038), smoking (OR 4.44, P=.001); for infection were diabetes (OR 4.74, P=.006) and smoking (OR 3.17, P=.033); for neurological complications were BMI (OR 1.16, P=.010) and diabetes (OR 4.12, P=.014); for cardiopulmonary complications were hypertension (OR 4.35, P=.039), smoking (OR 4.23, P=.035) and cardiac comorbidity (OR 6.14, P=.015). Fusion level (OR 2.79 P=.000), length of hospital stay (OR 1.88 P=.016) and symptom duration (OR 2.57, P=.001). Surgical-related independent risk factors for development of medical complications were fusion level (OR 3.57, P=.000), operative time (OR 0.99, P=.041), osteotomy (OR 9.33, P=.004), blood transfusion (OR 4.37, P=.043) and LOS (OR 1.68, P=.001); for infection were fusion level (OR 2.55, P=.006), blood transfusion (OR 23.06, P=.001) and LOS (OR 1.36, P=.010); for neurological complication were fusion level (OR 2.54, P=.009), osteotomy (OR 9.35, P=.012) and blood transfusion (OR 6.90, P=.033); for cardiopulmonary complication were fusion level (OR 2.17, P=.001). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes and smoking were the most common patient-related independent risk factors increase the development of each individual medical complication. On the other hand, factors fusion levels and blood transfusion were the most common surgical-related independent risk factors increase the development of each individual medical complication. Prevention of these risk factors can reduce the incidence of complications in Chinese patients with ADS surgery.

Performance of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 Cardiac Risk Models for Major Postoperative Complications after Heart Valve Surgery in a Chinese Population: A Multicenter Study

To evaluate the performance of Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) 2008 cardiac surgery risk scores for postoperative complications in Chinese patients undergoing single valve surgery at multicenter institutions. From January 2009 through December 2012, 4493 consecutive patients older than 16 years who underwent single valve surgery at 4 cardiac surgical centers were collected and scored according to the STS 2008 risk scores. The final research population included the following isolated heart valve surgery types: aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement, and mitral valve repair. Calibration of the risk scores was assessed by the Hosmer–Lemeshow (H-L) test. Discrimination was tested by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The observed incidence rate for cerebrovascular accident (CVA), renal failure (RF), prolonged ventilation (Vent), reoperation (Reop), prolonged postoperative length of stay (PLOS), and short postoperative LOS (SLOS) was 0.90%, 1.32%, 4.18%, 2.43%, 3.64%, and 1.65%, respectively. The predicted incidence rate for CVA, RF, Vent, Reop, PLOS, and SLOS was 0.76%, 1.55%, 4.94%, 6.69%, 3.92%, and 2.54%, respectively. The STS 2008 risk scores give an accurate calibration for individual postoperative risk in CVA, RF, Vent, and PLOS (Hosmer–Lemeshow: P = .052, P = .474, P = .468, and P = .712, respectively). The area under the ROC curve of the STS 2008 risk scores for the above 4 postoperative complications were 0.714, 0.724, 0.727%, and 0.713, respectively. The STS 2008 risk scores were suitable for major postoperative complications in patients undergoing single valve surgery, except for Reop and SLOS.

Incidence and risk factors for multiple medical complications in adult degenerative scoliosis long-level fusion

Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) surgery is known for its high incidence of complications. The propose of this study was to determine current complication rates and the predictors of medical complications in surgical ASD patients. A retrospective study of 153 ADS patients who underwent long level spinal fusion with 2-year follow-up between 2012 and 2017. The patient- and surgical-related risk factors for each individual medical complication were identified by using univariate testing. All patients were divided into groups with and without medical complication, infection, neurological complications, and cardiopulmonary complications, respectively. Potential risk factors were identified using univariate testing. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to evaluate independent predictors of medical complications. The total medical complication incidence was 26.1%. Patient-related independent risk factors for the development of medical complications included diabetes, smoking; for infection were diabetes and smoking; for neurological complications were BMI and diabetes; for cardiopulmonary complications were hypertension, smoking and cardiac comorbidity. Surgical-related independent risk factors for the development of medical complications were fusion level, operative time, osteotomy, blood transfusion and LOS; for infection were fusion level, blood transfusion, and LOS; for neurological complication were fusion level, osteotomy and blood transfusion; for cardiopulmonary complication were fusion level. Diabetes and smoking were the most common patient-related independent risk factors increase the development of each individual medical complication. On the other hand, fusion levels and blood transfusion were the most common surgical-related independent risk factors increase the development of each individual medical complication. Prevention of these risk factors can reduce the incidence of complications in Chinese patients with ADS surgery.

Role of β-type natriuretic peptide as predictor of early post-operative outcomes in Chinese patients undergoing anesthesia

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;The purpose of the present study was to assess whether pre-operative and post-operative B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels could be used as the predictor of post-operative complications in Chinese patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. A total of 80 adult patients were analyzed. Blood sample to measure BNP was collected from each patient before and after surgery to assess the relationship of pre-operative BNP with all possible clinical outcomes. Elevated BNP levels were associated with prolonged hospital stay and mortality. Our study results suggested that the high levels of BNP predict the prolong hospital stay, increased mortality, and increased usage of balloon pump. Also results suggested that the BNP is one of the key predictors of early post-operative outcomes in Chinese patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.&lt;/p&gt;

The evaluation of non‐invasive multi‐slice spiral computed tomography‐based indices for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of liver cirrhosis

This study aimed to evaluate easily available computed tomography (CT)-based parameters for assessing the presence and severity of cirrhosis and predicting complications in Chinese patients with cirrhosis. CT-based morphological indices were determined in 167 patients with cirrhosis and 244 healthy volunteers. The correlation of morphological indices with Child-Pugh score and cirrhotic complications was analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic performance of the indices. Sensitivity and specificity were determined. Patients with cirrhosis had a lower total liver volume (TLV) and a larger total splenic volume (SV) than healthy individuals. There was a significant difference in the portal venous diameter, splenic venous diameter and portal venous cross-sectional area between the two groups. A low TLV/SV ratio was strongly associated with liver cirrhosis; with a cut-off value of 4.27 for the diagnosis of cirrhosis TLV/SV had a sensitivity of 87.7% and a specificity of 84.9%, and AUROC of 0.921. Further analysis showed that TLV/SV was accurate in discriminating between mild and moderate/severe cirrhosis and could be used for predicting complications of cirrhosis. The easily available parameters of CT can accurately evaluate the severity of cirrhosis in Chinese patients.

Incidence of diabetes-related complications in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes: a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Taiwan

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence densities and cumulative incidence of diabetes-related complications in patients with type 1 diabetes for a maximum of 15-year follow-up. The estimations were further stratified by gender...

Uveal effusion following acute primary angle-closure: a retrospective case series.

To evaluate the morphological changes in anterior segment in Chinese patients with uveal effusion (UE) after the attack of acute primary angle-closure (APAC) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and to assess the clinical course and prognosis of the disease. In a retrospective case series, 26 eyes in 26 consecutive patients diagnosed with UE after the treatment of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication for the attack of APAC were enrolled. The unaffected fellow eyes served as controls. The morphological changes were observed by ultrasonography, slit lamp microscopy and gonioscopy. UBM was used to assess the degree and extent of effusion based on the analysis of parameters associated with UE. The mean IOP was 9.2 (SD 2.1) mm Hg at the diagnosis of UE after IOP-lowering medication, while 14.1 (SD, 2.6) mm Hg in the fellow eyes (P=0.000). The anterior chamber depth (ACD) (P=0.000), angle opening distance at 500 µm (AOD500) (P<0.01) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) (P<0.05) were decreased significantly, while ciliary body thickness (CBT) (P<0.05) increased significantly in UE eyes. UE grade analysis showed 7 eyes in grade 1, 9 eyes in grade 2, and 10 eyes in grade 3. Quadrant scores were performed of 4 eyes in 1 quadrant, 3 eyes in 3 quadrants, and 19 eyes in 4 quadrants. There was the positive correlation between grade and quadrant score (r=0.644, P=0.000). The effusion on all eyes were recovered after medication, which mean IOP was 13.9 (SD, 2.8) mm Hg. UE is a frequent complication in Chinese patients after the attack of APAC, partially associated with hypotony. The severity of UE is correlation with height of effusion, extent of detachment, and shallower ACD.

Cost-Effectiveness of Different Strategies for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism After Total Hip Replacement in China

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of rivaroxaban and apixaban versus enoxaparin for the universal prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and associated long-term complications in Chinese patients after total hip replacement (THR).MethodsA decision model, which included both acute VTE (represented as a decision tree) and the long-term complications of VTE (represented as a Markov model), was developed to assess the economic outcomes of the three prophylactic strategies for Chinese patients after THR. Transition probabilities for acute VTE were derived from two randomized controlled studies, RECORD1 and ADVANCE3, of patients after THR. The transition probabilities of long-term complications after acute VTE, utilities, and costs were derived from the published literature and local healthcare settings. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed to test the uncertainty concerning the model parameters. The quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and direct medical costs were reported over a 5-year horizon, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were also calculated.ResultsThromboprophylaxis with apixaban was estimated to have a higher cost (US $178.70) and more health benefits (0.0025 QALY) than thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin over a 5-year time horizon, which resulted in an ICER of US $71,244 per QALY gained and was more than three times the GDP per capita of China in 2014 (US $22,140). Owing to the higher cost and lower generated QALYs, rivaroxaban was inferior to enoxaparin among post-THR patients. The sensitivity analyses confirmed these results.ConclusionsThe analysis found that apixaban was not cost-effective and that rivaroxaban was inferior to enoxaparin. This finding indicates that compared with enoxaparin, the use of apixaban for VTE prophylaxis after THR does not represent a good value for the cost at the acceptable threshold in China; in addition, the cost of rivaroxaban was higher with lower QALYs.

GW27-e0919 CYP4F2 polymorphism and bleeding complications in Chinese patients on warfarin therapy

GW27-e0919 CYP4F2 polymorphism and bleeding complications in Chinese patients on warfarin therapy