Complicated Business Research Articles

Analisis Rancangan Online Market System Pasar Tanah Abang (Studi Kasus Blok F)

Technology users that is growing rapidly in line with the emergence of various kinds of smartphones as the mobile- and internet-based medium of communication. With the presence of the Internet and ICT, the marketing and selling processes can be conducted anytime and anywhere. Tanah Abang traditional market is one of the biggest Southeast Asian markets with complicated business activities. Many traders from inside or outside Jakarta come to the market to supply their products. Therefore, to help buyers shop by lowering their fares and to reduce traffic congestion, it is necessary to perform a research to design an online market system at Tanah Abang market, namely tenabangmarket.com. The concept of an effective modeling system is formulated by applying Grounded Research method, while the system itself is designed by using Unified Modeling Language (UML). The expected result of the research is an e-commerce system analysis in the form of online market system for traders and buyers at Tanah Abang Market, especially block F, to be next developed into the application design phas

Web Service Recommendation With Reconstructed Profile From Mashup Descriptions

Web services are self-contained software components that support business process automation over the Internet, and mashup is a popular technique that creates value-added service compositions to fulfill complicated business requirements. For mashup developers, looking for desired component services from a sea of service candidates is often challenging. Therefore, web service recommendation has become a highly demanding technique. Traditional approaches, however, mostly rely on static and potentially subjectively described texts offered by service providers. In this paper, we propose a novel way of dynamically reconstructing objective service profiles based on mashup descriptions, which carry historical information of how services are used in mashups. Our key idea is to leverage mashup descriptions and structures to discover important word features of services and bridge the vocabulary gap between mashup developers and service providers. Specifically, we jointly model mashup descriptions and component service using author topic model in order to reconstruct service profiles. Exploiting word features derived from the reconstructed service profiles, a new service recommendation algorithm is developed. Experiments over a real-world data set from ProgrammableWeb.com demonstrate that our proposed service recommendation algorithm is effective and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Note to Practitioners —Service recommendation accuracy for mashup creation is often limited due to poor quality of service descriptions. Mashup descriptions contain valuable information about functions and features of its component services, which can be leveraged to enhance descriptive quality of original service profiles. Based on the assumption, this paper proposes a novel two-phase service recommendation framework to facilitate mashup creation. Specifically, our approach reconstructs service profiles by extracting appropriate words from historical mashup descriptions. Then, a novel service recommendation algorithm is developed by exploiting popularity and relevance measures hidden in the reconstructed profiles. Moreover, we propose the rules of dominant words discovery and employ it to further refine our algorithm.

Towards a product independent ERP training model: An Insight from a literature review

ERP can be called as one of the most significant contributions of computer science and particularly information systems for the business environment which can support all complicated business process of an organisation including sale, purchase, warehouse and manufacturing into a single database. For such complex system like ERP, implementation involves much collaboration which raises the concern of the success of the project. Among most significant success and failure factors of ERP implementation cited in the literature are training and consultation. For many years the majority of ERP vendors promote their product specific training models as long-term and expensive allowing the organisation to gain knowledge of the ERP system and the way it handles the business process. However, recent studies showed that ERP training can be conducted in the short term and with minimum investment and yet to be effective. Findings triggered a signal and opened a new door for research to investigate vendor-independent training models that require limited investment in training and consultancy. This paper aims to provide an overview of the literature; highlighting the research methods and theories used by authors towards building ERP training models and methods.

Modelling method of dynamic business process based on pi-calculus

The formal modelling for dynamic business process is to make the collaborative relationship between organisations more detailed and explicit. It is convenient for the people to analyse the structure and interaction of the cross-organisational business process, especially dynamic business process, and assure the optimisation of the system architecture. Based on the channel mobility of pi-calculus, a new modelling method of the dynamic business process is proposed by combining with the extended directed acyclic graph. It is mainly discussed from three aspects: the selection of the interactive paths, the transition of business objects and the validation of accuracy. Meanwhile, a concrete example with multiple roles is presented to assist in the implementation of the method. It concludes that the method can effectively distinguish the collaborative relationship between organisations, and also be used to build formal models of complicated and dynamic business processes with the mature technology.

Designing a lean storage allocation policy for non-uniform unit loads in a forward-reserve model

PurposeThe contemporary e-tailing marketplace insists that distribution centers are playing the roles of both wholesalers and retailers which require different storage-handling load sizes due to different product variants. To fulfill piecewise retail orders, a separate small size-fast pick area is design called “forward buffer” wherein pallets are allocated from reserve area. Due to non-uniform pallets, the static allocation policy diminishes forward space utilization and also, more than practically required buffer size has been identified as wastage. Thus, dynamic storage allocation policy is required to design for reducing storage wastage and improving throughput considering non-uniform unit load sizes. The purpose of this paper is to model such policy and develop an e-decision support system assisting enterprise practitioners with real-time decision making.Design/methodology/approachThe research method is developed as a dynamic storage allocation policy and mathematical modeled as knapsack-based heuristics. The execution procedure of policy is explained as an example and tested with case-specific data. The developed model is implemented as a web-based support system and tested with rational data instances, as well as overcoming prejudices against single case findings.FindingsThe provided model considers variable size storage-handling unit loads and recommends number of pallets allocations in forward area reducing storage wastes. The algorithm searches and suggests the “just-right” amount of allocations for each product balancing existing forward capacity. It also helps to determine “lean buffer” size for forward area ensuring desired throughput. Sensitivity and buffer performance analysis is carried out for Poisson distributed data sets followed by research synthesis.Practical implicationsWarehouse practitioners can use this model ensuring a desired throughput level with least forward storage wastages. The model driven e-decision support system (DSS) helps for effective real-time decision making under complicated business scenarios wherein products are having different physical dimensions. It assists the researchers who would like to explore the emerging field of “lean” adoption in enterprise information and retail-distribution management.Originality/valueThe paper provides an inventive approach endorsing lean thinking in storage allocation policy design for a forward-reserve model. Also, the developed methodology incorporating features of e-DSS along with quantitative modeling is an inimitable research contribution justifying rational data support.

Rebranding John Jay College: Adapting to an evolving higher education market

Institutions of higher education face an increasingly complicated business environment today, marked by slowing enrolments, rapidly inflating tuition fees and heightened competition for enrolment on- and offline. So it is no surprise that college presidents are paying more attention to branding and marketing, often turning to unified brand identity programmes to combat these forces. An authentic ‘brand identity’ requires both the organisation and the consumer to believe in what an institution stands for, and when that is achieved a loyal relationship is formed. The recent case of the rebranding for John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City provides an illustrative primer explaining how to go about such efforts and what to expect from a comprehensive rebrand.

Multi-attribute intelligent queueing method for onboard call centers

The present research proposes a multi-attribute onboard call center intelligent queueing method applicable to the vehicle service field. In the previous studies concerning the call center queueing methods, the characteristics associated with the incoming call customers include the impatient waiting and the notification of waiting time, etc; however, the present paper takes into consideration a suite of additional customer attributes, i.e., emergency calls from intelligent onboard terminals, whether the call requests are from the area covered by the company’s 4S service, whether the call waiting time stays within a reasonable range, and whether there exists an necessity for engaging the third party service system. Also, priority classification is conducted based on the multiple attributes associated with the aforementioned customers. Besides, to optimize the service structure of the agent service representatives, the present study divides the agent service representatives into two groups, namely professional skill group and regular skill group. This allows the processing of call business to be carried out in two different modes. Correspondingly, preset processing time tables for the call business are established for regular and professional skill groups, respectively, so as to enable the service of agent representatives to better distinguish between regular business and complicated business, and conduct suitable processing accordingly. As a result, the processing efficiency is reinforced, the customers’ waiting time is reduced, and consequently the total processing time of agent service representatives is minimized. The research methodology adopted in the present manuscript is highly applicable to the design and management of call centers.

Can Military Leadership Translate Into Medical Leadership?

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Institute on Psychiatric ServicesFull AccessCan Military Leadership Translate Into Medical Leadership?Nick ZagorskiNick ZagorskiSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:29 Aug 2017https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2017.9a9AbstractRetired Lt. Gen. Mark Hertling will share his work on the development of physician leadership with attendees at this year’s IPS.Health care can be a complicated business, but that doesn’t mean that being an effective health care leader needs to be complicated too, believes retired Lt. Gen. Mark Hertling. And most of the several hundred doctors, nurses, and administrators who’ve taken part in Hertling’s leadership development program at Florida Hospital in Orlando would likely agree.Ret. Lt. Gen Mark Hertling adapted principles gained from his four-decade military career into an effective leadership development program at Florida Hospital in Orlando.U.S. ArmyAt APA’s IPS: The Mental Health Services Conference, being held in New Orleans from October 19 to 22, attendees will get an opportunity to learn about Hertling—who many might recognize from his role as a military and national security analyst on CNN—and his innovative leadership training course based on military models when he delivers the meeting’s keynote address. “People probably think the military is all about ordering people around, but nothing could be further from the truth,” he said. “The success of the military is based around team building and engendering trust.”The techniques that underlie this philosophy are simple, focusing on good communication and ways to develop character, presence, and empathy. But, during his 37 years of service in the U.S. Army, including a tour as commanding general of U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army, Hertling found them to be effective time and again.Hertling admits, however, that he wasn’t always confident that the military approach to leadership would translate to a field like medicine—and it wasn’t why he was initially brought to Florida Hospital.“I was hired to head a global partnership initiative, but I had an office next door to the chief medical officer,” he said. “He came in a few times for some advice about handling a problem with one of the doctors. ‘How would you fix this in military?’ he asked.”Register While Rates Are Low!Register now for IPS: The Mental Health Services Conference at psychiatry.org/IPS. Advance registration rates end on September 28. Come enjoy New Orleans in the fall and connect with the experts and your colleagues in an informal setting.Eventually, perhaps impressed with the results of Hertling’s suggestions, the chief medical officer asked for more details on the military approach and wondered if Hertling could set something up for Florida Hospital.“I was unsure about the proposition,” he said. In doing some preliminary research, however, he realized that almost every existing leadership book or strategy—of which there were many—was needlessly overwrought and confusing. Perhaps a direct, no-nonsense method was exactly what was needed. So he agreed to put together a course, with his only demand being that it would be interdisciplinary and welcome all hospital staff.Hertling developed an eight-part seminar series that took a stepped approach to instilling leadership skills: people first learn to look inward and lead themselves, then how to lead other individuals, how to lead a boss, how to lead teams, and finally, how to lead an organization. “It was about halfway through that first course when we saw there was definitely something to this model,” he told Psychiatric News. “You could start to see changes in the attitudes and communication skills.”Today, Hertling’s course is about to start its fifth year, with over 350 graduates who have contributed to a significant change in culture at Florida Hospital. The success has added a new title to Hertling’s portfolio, as he now oversees all leadership education at the hospital. In this capacity, Hertling has started a new course for executive leadership. In keeping with the interdisciplinary theme, the new course includes both hospital executives and physicians who have taken Hertling’s other leadership program.He has also completed a book about his philosophy, Growing Physician Leaders: Empowering Doctors to Improve Our Healthcare, and gone on the road to spread this program to other places. While he was once unsure of the potential of the military model, it has now been successfully implemented for veterinarians, business leaders, and even political appointees.He hopes that those who listen to his presentation at IPS will find value in this leadership approach as well.“Not only can it improve communication with peers or administrators, but given the nature of psychiatric consults, mental health professionals might find it improves their own techniques in dealing with patients,” he said. ■ ISSUES NewArchived

ESTIMATION OF THE UNIT TORSIONAL RIGIDITY OF A CROSS-SECTION WITH A HYBRID DISK-EQUILATERAL POLYGON SHAPE

The economic sanctions of the United States, Canada, Australia, the EU in banking and technological sectors jeopardized Russia's national security. Moreover, the break of traditional technological chains of industrial enterprises in Russia and Ukraine set the task of accelerated import substitution. The economic situation inside the country is depressed, since internal reserves are insufficient for quick solution of the import substitution problem. An important condition to increase the efficiency of industrial production is the search for internal reserves at the local level, as well as ensuring sustainable operation of enterprises. The concept of sustainable operation of an enterprise includes its economic security, determined both by internal and external factors. In this paper a number of specific features of industrial production such as strict regulation and control by the state, a high level of specialization, technical complexity, the need for highly qualified specialists, and complexity of spatial placement is defined. Features of industrial production determine threats to the enterprise economic security. A high degree of regulation and control by the state creates the following threats: pressure of public authorities in order to obtain benefits, use of administrative resources in trade wars and raidership, frequent and drastic changes of laws, the risk of falling into dependence on officials, shareholders and partners. The focused narrow specialization of production negatively affects the ability of an enterprise to react quickly to market changes, and, first of all, the market conjuncture. This feature forms the following threats: falling demand for manufactured products, stiffening competition in a certain territory, aggravation of competition with enterprises producing similar goods, monopolization of the market, unfair competition. Due to technical complexity of the production process, the following threats arise: high degree of wear and tear of equipment, industrial injuries and manufacturing defects. A significant need for highly qualified specialists is conditioned by the complexity of the technological process and forms the following threats: labour shortage, low personnel qualifications, flow of highly qualified specialists to competitors, and the risky investments in personnel. The location of a number of industrial productions is bound to the locations of resources and markets. Metallurgical production is heavily dependent on the location of deposits of iron ore and coal. A number of industries gravitates to the market channels. Relationship of business owners and local authorities also influences enterprise location. Depending on the form of relationship, the enterprise is provided with the most comfortable or complicated business conditions. The considered specific features of ensuring economic security of industrial enterprises determined the arising threats. If security threats are known, they can be quantified, which will facilitate continuous monitoring of the situation. The program for ensuring economic security of an industrial enterprise should include continuous monitoring, a set of measures to neutralize threats and tools to minimize losses.

SPECIFICITY OF REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OPERATION AND THREATS TO THEIR ECONOMIC SECURITY

The economic sanctions of the United States, Canada, Australia, the EU in banking and technological sectors jeopardized Russia's national security. Moreover, the break of traditional technological chains of industrial enterprises in Russia and Ukraine set the task of accelerated import substitution. The economic situation inside the country is depressed, since internal reserves are insufficient for quick solution of the import substitution problem. An important condition to increase the efficiency of industrial production is the search for internal reserves at the local level, as well as ensuring sustainable operation of enterprises. The concept of sustainable operation of an enterprise includes its economic security, determined both by internal and external factors. In this paper a number of specific features of industrial production such as strict regulation and control by the state, a high level of specialization, technical complexity, the need for highly qualified specialists, and complexity of spatial placement is defined. Features of industrial production determine threats to the enterprise economic security. A high degree of regulation and control by the state creates the following threats: pressure of public authorities in order to obtain benefits, use of administrative resources in trade wars and raidership, frequent and drastic changes of laws, the risk of falling into dependence on officials, shareholders and partners. The focused narrow specialization of production negatively affects the ability of an enterprise to react quickly to market changes, and, first of all, the market conjuncture. This feature forms the following threats: falling demand for manufactured products, stiffening competition in a certain territory, aggravation of competition with enterprises producing similar goods, monopolization of the market, unfair competition. Due to technical complexity of the production process, the following threats arise: high degree of wear and tear of equipment, industrial injuries and manufacturing defects. A significant need for highly qualified specialists is conditioned by the complexity of the technological process and forms the following threats: labour shortage, low personnel qualifications, flow of highly qualified specialists to competitors, and the risky investments in personnel. The location of a number of industrial productions is bound to the locations of resources and markets. Metallurgical production is heavily dependent on the location of deposits of iron ore and coal. A number of industries gravitates to the market channels. Relationship of business owners and local authorities also influences enterprise location. Depending on the form of relationship, the enterprise is provided with the most comfortable or complicated business conditions. The considered specific features of ensuring economic security of industrial enterprises determined the arising threats. If security threats are known, they can be quantified, which will facilitate continuous monitoring of the situation. The program for ensuring economic security of an industrial enterprise should include continuous monitoring, a set of measures to neutralize threats and tools to minimize losses.

DISINCENTIVES TO BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ON THE NAVAJO NATION

In this paper, we explore the underdevelopment of the business sector on the Navajo reservation. We explore why the Navajo reservation continues to be economically depressed and find that formal and informal institutions unique to the reservation create barriers that disincentivize entrepreneurship. Our examination begins by first conducting a literature review on general barriers to entrepreneurship. Second, we conduct an institutional analysis of the Navajo reservation to understand how formal and informal institutions affect potential entrepreneurs. We then use a comparative case study to analyze how the Navajo reservation’s institutions affect one town on the reservation compared to a similar town outside the reservation’s borders. We conclude there are three main barriers that discourage entrepreneurship. First, a dual bureaucracy and a complicated business license application process disincentivize new business development in the formal economy. Second, the federally held reservation land trust limits how entrepreneurs can access and develop land. Third, the Navajo reservation lacks access to lending opportunities, restricting the capital necessary to start a business. These barriers combine to create a vicious cycle of underdevelopment and poverty.

“I had no idea what a complicated business eating is…”: a qualitative study of the impact of dysphagia during stroke recovery

Aim: Persons with dysphagia following stroke may experience uncomfortable symptoms such as persistent coughing, choking and poor salivary management. They may also spend long periods of time unable to eat or drink or with restrictions on oral intake. Experiences of dysphagia post-stroke are richly described in unsolicited narratives such as autobiographies on the stroke event, which often include details of the author’s journey through their stroke recovery. The aim of this study is to use autobiographical accounts to explore the experiences of those living with dysphagia following stroke.Method: Published autobiographies narrating the author’s experiences of living with dysphagia following stroke were sourced. Ten autobiographies were retrieved and the texts were manually inspected. All references to eating, drinking and swallowing were extracted and pooled to form the data set. A qualitative approach using a six-step interpretive phenomenological analysis process was taken to analyze this data set.Results: A wide range of interconnected themes emerged from the data, allowing further synthesis into six overarching super-ordinate themes. These six super-ordinate themes were: “physical consequences of dysphagia”; “process of recovery”; “coping and adjusting”; “changed relationships”; “society” and “control”.Conclusions: This study highlights the unique contribution of autobiographical accounts in developing our understanding of living with dysphagia following stroke. The findings emphasize the significant emotional and social impact of dysphagia during the stroke recovery process and add further depth to our understanding of the experience of this clinical group.Implications for RehabilitationAutobiographical accounts often hold valuable first-hand information on patient perspectives and journeys, which when viewed through the eyes of a qualitative researcher, can add depth to our understanding of particular healthcare experiences.Persons who experience dysphagia as a result of stroke travel a complex rehabilitation journey, involving the interaction of many physical, emotional and social considerations.Healthcare professionals should be aware of not only the physical, but also the significant psychosocial consequences of living with dysphagia following stroke.Further research is required in this field, so that the experiences of these persons can be better understood and findings can be used to contribute to high-quality and evidence-based service delivery.

Challenges of Paperless Trade: Redesign of the Foreign Trade Processes and Bundling Functions of Traditional Documents

Technological innovations in recent years have resulted in paper based documentation will be completely abandoned in all business processes, however the paper-based processes still prevail in foreign trade transactions due to complicated business processes. Institution and companies in different countries involved in foreign trade transactions. Therefore integrative solutions are needed. This paper seeks to put forward a methodology to pave the way to the future international trade. Therefore we developed a taxonomical approach to this clutter in order to partially surmount the integration problem because a road map should be determined before the holistic solution. Taxonomical approach has been suggested for grouping the foreign trade documents in terms of their functions. All the parties participating in a foreign trade transaction should be able to connect to each other in a single online platform. There is a need for a single online platform of which all parties are members to complete a foreign trade transaction using a single integrated electronic document. Finally, opinions of the professional have been received for seeing the real procedures. Literature and practices have been synthesized and partial solution grouping the foreign trade documents in terms of their functions has been suggested. To constitute a base for the initial step of the road to integrated foreign trade document a taxonomical table has been prepared. Aim of this table to guide the firms that search for solutions to develop electronic equivalent of paper based documents.

Principi i sistemi poslovođenja u privrednim društvima

The paper discusses the basic principles and systems of management in order to examine how they can contribute to a more efficient work of companies. The separation of ownership and management in corporate governance has contributed to the affirmation of managers' independence, with regard to both decision making and accountability. Without skilled managers to conduct a complicated business of corporate management, no company can be rationally organized and economically efficient. The paper will focus on a number of corporate management principles, investigating their importance and desirable characteristics of managers.

The Complicated Business of State Supreme Court Elections: An Empirical Perspective

Proponents of judicial elections emphasize existing First Amendment jurisprudence as well as the similarities linking publicly-elected state judges and other publicly-elected state officials. Opponents emphasize judicial campaign contributions’ corrosive effects, including their potential to unduly influence judicial outcomes. Using a comprehensive data set of 2,345 business-related cases decided by state supreme courts across all 50 states between 2010-12, judicial election critics, including Professor Joanna Shepherd, emphasize the potential for bias and find that campaign contributions from business sources to state supreme court justice candidates corresponded with justices’ pro-business votes. While Shepherd’s main findings largely withstand replication efforts, additional (and alternative) analyses introduce new findings that present complicating wrinkles to Shepherd’s strong normative claims. Findings from this study illustrate that efforts to influence judicial outcomes are not the exclusive domain of business interests. That is, judicial campaign contributions from non- (and “anti-“) business interests increase the probability of justices’ votes favoring non-business interests. As a result, critiques of judicial elections cannot properly rely exclusively on the influence of business interests. Moreover, both business and non-business interests can successfully influence judicial outcomes through campaign contributions point in different (and possibly conflicting) normative directions. On the one hand, even if one agrees that the judicial branch qualitatively differs from the political and executive branches in terms of assessing campaign contributions’ proper role, that the potential to influence judicial outcomes is available to potentially any interest group (willing to invest campaign contributions) complicates critiques of judicial elections. On the other hand, the same empirical finding also plausibly strengthens critiques of judicial elections, especially for those who view the judicial domain as distinct from other political domains.

Property Analysis of Composable Web services

Web services are basic components constructing a flexible business process software. By composing multiple Web services, a complicated business process across organization and departments can be formed. This paper present a formal model of composable Web services: composed service process nets (CSPNs). Properties of Composable Web services are analyzed based on CSPNs. The relation between a CSPN and its corresponding Web service process subnets are discussed. The property analysis methods of CSPNs are come up with. A dynamic property of CSPNs can be determined based on static net structures by means of the proposed methods.

Design and Implement of Food Enterprise Finance System Based on Big Data

As the application of the information system, the complicated financial business was firstly embedded in the OA system to support the whole food enterprise. The cash flow and financial management of one company has a seriously fluency in the competition when the modern social economy is developing. One single financial system which integrates the complexity financial business and its calculation can produce a visible and simplistic food enterprise management and provides the explicit data for the business. In the big data era, the food enterprise management faces many challenges, in this study we use the related data of finance sales that the ESL system collects and import it into SQL Server 2008 R2 database. Using the integration services, analysis services, reporting services integrated in SQL Server 2008 R2 database to transformation, analysis and display the retail data. Through this work it can help the food enterprise finance s to improve the use value of business data and achieve the efficient conversion of data into information, which can help food enterprise managers to make decisions about marketing.

Business Process Modeling Method with Hierarchical Business Variation Analysis

SUMMARYBusiness Process Modeling (BPMod) is attracting attention as a technology that improves the quality of information system development. It can increase integrity between business operations and information systems by visualizing specifications of business requirements in the upstream process. But there are problems with development costs caused by large variations of business functions, in the application BPMod to complicated business processes. In this paper, we propose a business process design method with hierarchical business variation analysis in order to improve the productivity of model development. This makes it possible to extract the variations of business functions and to consolidate similar business functions. We applied it to an actual system development project and confirmed its effect.

Translating user needs into high-quality real estate solutions aligned with today's business drivers: Prominent CRE executives responsible for global portfolios provide insights and best practices

As today's corporate real estate (CRE) executives face mounting pressure to deliver inspiring workplaces that enhance recruitment and retention, they also encounter a myriad of complicated business challenges. These factors, coupled with a new definition of workplace quality, necessitate creating new approaches for planning and execution that engage user groups and service providers in dynamic partnerships. This paper shares the perspectives of a select group of seasoned CRE executives responsible for developing and implementing real estate strategies for global companies occupying millions of square feet. It provides specific examples of how each has evolved planning at the macro level to enhance portfolio optimisation and at the micro level to deliver specific workplace solutions. The research approach employed in the preparation of this paper was the qualitative interview method. It was used to gain insight into the experiences of CRE executives and to provide clear understanding of the current business drivers presenting challenges to planning and how each individual is responding to them. Questions were tailored to obtain a detailed account from each interviewee including specific examples that illustrate key points. Companies featured include Viacom, WPP, Interpublic Group, Wells Fargo and Gensler.

Subject Hierarchy Structure Modeling in Data Warehouse

Data warehouse is subject-oriented organized. However, when data warehousing, the hierarchy structure of subject is currently only decided by decision makers’ intuition. Faced with complicated business data mining cases, it is hard to establish hierarchy structure of subject just according to intuition. Thus a method based on ISM is present to make subject level structure establishment more measurable and illustrative. In this article, the Subject level structure establishment process is presented firstly. Then the method is put forward. Finally, the rationality and validity of this method are verified by a case on university financial data warehouse’s subject level establishment.