Compliance Training Research Articles

Implementation of passive compliance training on a parallel ankle rehabilitation robot to enhance safety

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to implement a passive compliance training strategy for our newly designed 2-UPS/RRR parallel ankle rehabilitation robot (PARR) to enhance its rehabilitation training safety.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a kinematic analysis of the PARR is introduced, and the mechanism ensures that the rotation centre of the ankle joint complex (AJC) coincides with robot’s rotation centre. Then, a passive compliance training strategy based on admittance control is described in detail and is implemented on our PARR.FindingsExperiments involving healthy subjects were conducted, and the performance of trajectory tracking was quantitatively evaluated, with the results showing excellent compliance and trajectory tracking accuracy, which can ensure that a secondary injury to the AJC during passive rehabilitation training is avoided. The influence of different admittance parameters was also simulated and analysed, which can contribute to the development of adaptive parameter adjustment research.Originality/valueThe paper can be used to improve the effectiveness of ankle rehabilitation, to alleviate manual therapy problems in terms of labour intensiveness, precision and subjectivity and to ensure safety and comfort during rehabilitation sessions.

A Systematic Review of Healthcare-Associated Infectious Organisms in Medical Radiation Science Departments.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant occupational risk to medical radiation science (MRS) professionals, who have a high degree of patient contact. Current research largely focusses on HAIs in patients, with limited attention given to infectious organisms that MRS professionals are exposed to. This is a significant gap that this systematic review seeks to address by summarizing current literature to determine the infectious organisms within MRS departments, their reservoirs, and transmission modes. Reporting of this systematic review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Five databases were searched (Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) for relevant studies published between 1983 and 2018. Quality assessment was performed using checklists from the Johanna Briggs Institute. Nineteen studies were included in the review; twelve of which were set in diagnostic radiography departments, two in radiotherapy departments, and five in non-MRS departments. No studies were set in nuclear medicine departments, indicating a gap in the available literature. A total of 19 genera of infectious organisms were identified in the literature, with Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Bacillus, and Corynebacterium reported in all MRS departments. Infectious organisms were identified in all observational studies, indicating a need for better infection control methods and/or compliance training within MRS to minimize the risk of infections.

Developing effective programmes to protect modern corporate supply chains against human trafficking and slavery

Human trafficking and slavery requirements are expanding across the globe. Many companies have yet to begin performing due diligence in their supply chains and acquiring the data they need to publish effective, meaningful stories of how their work protects their operations from modern slavery. Although many enterprise companies have leveraged best practices to deploy policies and procedures throughout their supply chains, mid-market companies often lack the resources to evaluate their own operations in the same way. This makes it difficult to provide their clients with accurate information. Solutions and best practices are emerging to help companies perform due diligence cost-effectively and efficiently. The Slavery and Trafficking Risk Template (STRT) is one such tool. It helps companies acquire streamlined data from the supply chain in a simple spreadsheet-based format, while operational best practices can be leveraged to build a comprehensive due diligence programme. Companies that provide their suppliers with compliance training and support are in a better position to create a proactive, cooperative relationship in which both organisations work together to keep their operations free of human rights violations. Data automation can allow companies that lack the resources to implement comprehensive internal programmes to mitigate risk as well as, or better than, any internally-developed solution. Supply chain data management service providers can enhance programmes, provide regulatory expertise and deliver workflow automation, allowing mid-market companies to acquire data as effectively as an enterprise, while enterprises have the opportunity to save millions on operational expenses.

Subject-specific compliance control of an upper-limb bilateral robotic system

This paper proposes a new compliance control strategy on a robot-assisted bilateral upper limb rehabilitation system. The robotic compliance regulation was achieved by modifying predefined training trajectories in real time, based on measured human–robot interaction force and human users’ position within subject-specific workspace. Experimental data were collected from healthy subjects, and indicate that human users can follow predefined training trajectories well under real-time compliance variation, with the maximum normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) value no greater than 1.44%. Preliminary findings are encouraging, which demonstrates the availability of the proposed subject-specific compliance adaptation strategy, and the potential with enhanced training safety and efficacy. Future work will consider conducting a direct comparison between a bilateral upper limb rehabilitation device (BULReD)-assisted compliance training with or without subject-specific adaptation on a large sample of participants with upper limb disabilities.

Trade-Offs of Occupational Licensing: Understanding the Costs and Potential Benefits

Occupational licensing potentially benefits consumers by screening and training workers but at the cost of lower employment. To evaluate this trade-off, I leverage a quasi-experimental setting in which Illinois required compliance training for new and existing real estate agents. Using multiple data sources on official licensee records and housing statistics, I find that the reform caused a one-time spike in agent outflows, a decrease in home sales, and lower worker flows. Whereas the reform affected worker sorting, I do not find a significant reduction in new misconduct incidents. To understand this insignificant effect, I develop a screening model with license training to highlight that licensing may fail to screen and train workers in ethics-related attributes.

Influence of parental compliance on the effectiveness of treatment of chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children

Introduction: The article focuses on the studies which point to particular difficulties in achieving compliance in pediatrics. A dangerous trend to escalate the number and doses of antibiotics in anti- Helicobacter pylori (HP) schemes, the dosage frequency and course duration of eradication therapy considerably complicates a patient’s compliance to the treatment and contributes to a further growth of HP antibiotic resistance. In the treatment of children, the control of the outpatient therapy largely depends on the patient’s parents.
 Materials and methods: At the first stage of the study, 103 children with chronic gastroduodenal pathology associated with HP were examined. Diagnosis of the disease was based on the study of complaints, the anamnesis data, and the results of the endoscopic examination. All the patients underwent a course of anti-HP therapy in the outpatient setting. A degree of parental compliance to their child’s therapy was determined in by a questionnaire, which had been developed by us, the families of the children suffering from chronic gastroduodenal pathology. At the second stage, 80 children suffering from peptic ulcer associated with HP were examined. HP was eradicated in the outpatients of both groups, using an anti-HP regimen: omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin administered for 14 days. The influence of the measures to improve parental compliance carried out in tandem “doctor – pharmacist” in the families with children suffering from chronic gastroduodenal pathology was studied.
 Results and discussion: A decrease in parental compliance was observed in more than 2/3 of the families with children suffering from chronic gastroduodenal pathology, associated with HP infection. A higher level of parental compliance was established in the families of children after the ”compliance training”. In the patients of this group, eradication of HP was achieved in 87.5% cases by using a traditional scheme: omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin administered for 14 days.
 Conclusion: It can be concluded that the level of parental compliance to an anti-HP therapy for their children is insufficient. In turn, conducting a “compliance training” in the tandem of ”doctor – pharmacist” before starting the therapy is an important factor in increasing the level of parental compliance, which is reflected in increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. Strict adherence to the regimen and duration of administration of the prescribed drugs in children with ulcer allows achieving a high level of HP eradication – 95.2 %, even when using the traditional anti-HP regimen.
 The eradication was achieved in 56.5 % of the children with partial parental compliance, and only in 6.7 % of the children with non-compliant parents

From Preaching to Behavioral Change: Fostering Ethics and Compliance Learning in the Workplace

Despite the increasing inclusion of ethics and compliance issues in corporate training, the business world remains rife with breaches of responsible management conduct. This situation indicates a knowledge–practice gap among professionals, i.e., a discrepancy between their knowledge of responsible management principles and their behavior in day-to-day business life. With this in mind, this paper addresses the formative, developmental question of how companies’ ethics and compliance training programs should be organized in a manner that enhances their potential to be effective. Drawing on both the qualitative analysis of existing ethics and compliance training and the conceptual literature on behavioral ethics, a framework is proposed that consecutively aligns various types of training into a comprehensive ethics and compliance training program. The strengths and limitations of the suggested framework are discussed.

Ethics and Compliance Training

An essential component of ethics and compliance programs is the training of organizational members. Training helps ensure that all employees understand their legal and regulatory obligations, and company policies. There are significant legal incentives for organizations to adopt training but understanding when training is effective is challenging. After discussing the legal incentives, this chapter explores how effectiveness can be measured and reviews those factors that the academic literature has identified as potentially having a positive impact on training effectiveness.

Should Accounting Majors Have Human Resource Training in Compliance, Coaching, Team-Building and Mentoring Skills?

This paper looks at the human resource skills of legal compliance, coaching, team building and mentoring that would be useful for accounting students entering the work place. It begins by briefly describing these areas and illustrating how a lack of knowledge could impact an accountant’s success. It then shows how the accounting profession recognizes the need for these “interpersonal skills”. Finally, it provides suggestions on how these skills could be incorporated in accounting programs or curriculum and illustrates how students themselves can gain exposure to these skills through online professional websites (e.g., www.aicpa.org) that provide some knowledge in the areas mentioned to better prepare graduating accounting students for the accounting profession.

A program to improve the hand hygiene compliance of Hong Kong preschoolers with an insight into their absenteeism

Hand hygiene prevents cross-infection and is the most effective defense against contagious diseases. Preschoolers, without proper hand hygiene skills, are a vulnerable group to such diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hand hygiene compliance training of preschoolers in Hong Kong improves their hand hygiene knowledge and performance, and whether the training reduces their absenteeism resulting from influenza symptoms. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. A total of 110 preschoolers participated in a program consisting of 4 training sessions on hand hygiene. Before and after the program, their hand hygiene knowledge was assessed by 10 true or false questions, and their handwashing skills were assessed by photos of their hands taken before and after handwashing. Before handwashing, a fluorescent stain gel was used to cover their hands. To determine whether a causal relationship existed between compliance and absenteeism, the preschoolers' absenteeism data were collected during a period of 3 months for analysis. Significant differences were found in hand hygiene knowledge on handwashing steps, duration, and after playing with toys. Percentage increases were recorded for 8 questions. There was significant improvement in hand hygiene performance on the fronts and the backs of fingers, thumbs, and fingertips (P < .05). The findings showed a decrease in absence rates with influenza symptoms for the month before (31%), during (30%), and after (25%) the completion of the program in all participating schools. After the training program, the participants' hand hygiene knowledge and performance considerably improved. They washed their hands more thoroughly and there was a significant reduction in absences owing to influenza. Good cooperation between schools and families is found to be important in helping students build positive attitudes and habits, even in performing simple routines like hand hygiene.

The acquisition of exercises in adolescents with severe intellectual disabilities

People with intellectual disabilities are at higher risk for obesity and associated disease and often do not engage in enough physical activity. By teaching people with intellectual disabilities how to engage in physical activity, there are numerous health benefits as well as the potential to increase their leisure activity repertoire. Previous literature has shown that evidence-based practices are needed to teach physical activities to people with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a prompting package to teach three adolescents with severe intellectual disabilities to engage in three different exercises. Three multiple probe across behaviour designs were used to demonstrate that the intervention was moderately successful. Future research is needed to find best practice techniques for teaching physical activity to people with severe intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, examining the effects of fluency training, compliance training, and gross motor assessments have on teaching physical activities to this population would be beneficial.

Mandatory training in aged care- issues for Australian organisations and workers

There are significant issues related to the implementation of Mandatory Compliance Training in Not For Profit Aged Care provision in Australia. This paper provides an overview of those issues through an autoethnographic approach based on my 4 decades as an educator. It critiques the application of Mandatory Compliance Training using contemporary understandings of adult learning.

The effectiveness of anti-helicobacter therapy in the treatment of chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children with different levels of compliance

At the present time, the therapy of most diseases requires special attention not only from the treating physician, but also from the patient. In turn, in the treatment of children, the monitoring of compliance with the treatment is carried out not by the patient, but by his parents who control the regimen of taking medications. The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of traditional anti-H. pylori regimen in the treatment of chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children with various level of parental compliance. 80 children of school age suffering from peptic ulcer disease duodenal ulcer associated with H. pylori from families with different levels of parental compliance were examined. The traditional anti-H. pylori therapy scheme containing omeprazole, clarithromycin lasting 14 days was prescribed for all children with chronic gastroduodenal pathology. It is established that strict adherence to the regimen and duration of administration of prescribed drugs allows achieving a high level of eradication of H. pylori even with the use of the traditional anti-Helicobacter pylori. Conducting a “compliance training” before starting therapy is an important factor that increases the level of parental compliance in patients with inflammatory-destructive diseases of the stomach and duodenum. Establishment of interpersonal relationships in the “doctor-patient-parent” system, working with parents, aimed at explaining the essence of the disease, the consequences of the disease, treatment tactics are an important stage in the therapy of a sick child.

Design matters: on the impact of compliance program design on corporate ethics

Corporate scandals led to an increased interest in improving managers’ compliance. To this end, companies implement compliance programs including codes of conduct, compliance training, and whistle-blowing as core elements. Previous research has focused on the impact of the mere existence of one or several compliance program’s elements on compliance. Compliance programs differ substantially from company to company, for instance, in how training is organized and how the code looks like. This makes direct comparisons of the results challenging. Until now, it is poorly understood if and how the design of a compliance program’s element affects compliance. This paper investigates firstly, whether codes per se are an effective core element of compliance programs; secondly, whether the way a code is designed (e.g., by using examples) impacts on compliance; and thirdly, whether types of compliance training as well as whistle-blowing channels make a difference in terms of compliance and whistle-blowing. We conducted a factorial survey experiment with 1005 managers from a multinational European corporation. Our findings indicate that not the mere existence of a code but its design matters for compliance. There is evidence that more specific compliance training is more effective than general training. Our study contributes to the business ethics literature by providing insights on how design elements of compliance program’s elements matter. Finally, we also contribute to business practice as we draw up guidelines for those who are responsible for their compliance programs.

The effects of errorless compliance training on children in home and school settings

Errorless compliance training (ECT) is a procedure used to lessen disruptive behavior using a gradual and noncoercive approach. In this study, parents of three school‐aged children who demonstrated high levels of disruptive behavior in the home and the classroom were trained on the ECT procedure. ECT consisted of training in effective instruction delivery and delivery of requests in a hierarchal manner. ECT sessions took place in the home, with parents delivering requests to participating children. Baseline data were used to arrange requests into grouped levels, ranging from Level 1 (requests of which individual is typically compliant) to Level 4 (requests in which individual is typically noncompliant). Using the ECT procedure, request levels were faded over time in a gradual fashion to ensure the highest probability of compliance. Effects of ECT were hypothesized to generalize from the home to the school setting. Implementation of ECT resulted in high levels of compliance in both the home and school settings across all participants. Implications and limitations are discussed.

The role of internal audit and user training in information security policy compliance

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the role of information security policy compliance and the role of information systems auditing in identifying non-compliance in the workplace, with specific focus on the role of non-malicious insiders who unknowingly or innocuously thwart corporate information security (IS) directives by engaging in unsafe computing practices. The ameliorative effects of auditor-identified training and motivational programs to emphasize pro-security behaviors are explored.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies qualitative case analysis of technology user security perceptions combined with interpretive analysis of depth interviews with auditors to examine and explain the rubrics of non-malicious technology user behaviors in violation of cybersecurity directives, to determine the ways in which auditors can best assist management in overcoming the problems associated with security complacency among users.FindingsEnterprise risk management benefits from audits that identify technology users who either feel invulnerable to cyber threats and exploits or feel that workplace exigencies augur for expedient workarounds of formal cybersecurity policies.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for consideration of CyberComplacency and Cybersecurity Loafing expand the insider threat perspective beyond the traditional malicious insider perspective.Practical implicationsImplications for consideration of CyberComplacency and Cybersecurity Loafing include broadened perspectives for the consultative role of IS audit in the firm.Social implicationsCyberComplacency is a practice that has great potential for harm in all walks of life. A better understanding of these potential harms is beneficial.Originality/valueThis study is the first to characterize CyberComplacency as computer users who feel they operate invulnerable platforms and are subsequently motivated to engage in less cybersecurity diligence than the company would desire. This study is also the first to characterize the notion of Cybersecurity Loafing to describe technically competent workers who take unauthorized but expedient steps around certain security polices in the name of workgroup efficiency.

Should cyber security be included in compliance training?

Would it be beneficial for cyber security professionals to cooperate with the compliance function? Would such cooperation improve the security of organisations and companies? And if so, what is the best place to start working together? Analysis of both cyber security and compliance shows that aligning them in the area of training and knowledge transfer to employees/users is the answer. Compliance management systems require organisations to have effective awareness building and training processes focused on communicating rules and promoted behaviours. These rules and behaviours do not usually include cyber security topics, but adding them would not only help to disseminate the knowledge necessary in a digital world but would also ensure that important risk factors are not omitted from the compliance point of view.

Cartel Conduct and Antitrust Compliance with Imperfect Information about Enforcement Risk

This article models antitrust compliance training as a form of information acquisition. It finds that lower fines may benefit consumers by improving the deterrence of cartels: Sales managers who underestimate the severity of antitrust enforcement sometimes establish cartels that are actually unprofitable for their firms. This risk rises if an antitrust authority lowers the sanctions imposed on anticompetitive conduct. Therefore, it is a best response for firms' compliance officers to establish antitrust training programs to mitigate this risk and prevent cartels. Fines must however not be reduced so strongly as to make anticompetitive collusion profitable.

Interactive virtual classroom

Developing virtual classroom training doesn't have to a chore. In fact, once you know each of the steps involved in the process, you can create deliverables that effectively improve employee skills and job performance, regardless of the subject matter. Even dreaded compliance training can become an engaging and exciting experience for your audience.

‘Imagine if …’: The power of storytelling in building business resilience

This paper contends that a missing key in the creation and growth of a truly cyber-resilient organisational culture lies in building a vigilant and resilient workforce through effective awareness learning for all. The author will argue that storytelling, one of the oldest human practices, is one of the most powerful tools we have to combat the unprecedented threats we face, both individually and as part of our organisations, while, paradoxically, also being one of the most neglected. Dry ‘tick-box’ annual compliance training, with a ‘one size fits all’ approach, is still the typical approach, yet this has demonstrably failed to embed the long-term behavioural changes required to operate securely, effectively and responsibly in the digital age. Storytelling can and should be an integral part of an effective enterprise-wide response to the cyber risks we face. Our emotional connection to these challenges, through stories, can be as powerful as technology in building the organisational, behavioural and cultural changes required to better protect our most precious information and systems.