Compliance Officers Research Articles

Institutional Review Boards and post-approval monitoring (PAM) of human research: content analysis of select university (academic health center) web pages across the USA

Objective To conduct a content analysis of IRB webpages of select universities (academic health centers) in the USA that describe post IRB- approval monitoring activities. Method This was a qualitative study. Thematic analysis was the method to review the webpage content of selected academic health centers (AHC) within the USA. Results Some US academic health “centers” IRB administrative or research compliance offices conduct post- approval monitoring (PAM) of human subjects’ research including clinical trials. The goals of this PAM programmes are to (a) ensure compliance to approved protocols, (b) preserve research integrity, (c) manage institutional risks, d) provide advisory/educational support to researchers, (e) recommend corrective actions for identified issues, and most importantly, (f) to protect the safety, rights, and well-being of research participants. Although not a requirement by law, the PAM program has legislative support in the US Code of Federal Regulations as part of the US Office for Human Research Protection’s (OHRP) Federal Wide Assurance (FWA). This is especially for institutions that conduct studies funded by the Federal government. PAM on-site checks reveal various incidents of protocol deviations and violations. This includes issues with recruitment processes, informed consent discrepancies, and incidents of non-compliance. When a study protocol is identified as non-compliant, the principal investigator works with the PAM monitor to develop a corrective action plan that would allow the study to become compliant and avoid sanctions from the IRB or the regulatory authority. Conclusions REC/IRB post-approval monitoring of clinical trials is a valuable mechanism of protection for research participants while giving educational and quality assurance support to researchers. The program enables early detection and resolution of non-compliance to approved protocols. The impact of the program in the USA requires further exploration.

Pandemic policing and the construction of publics: an analysis of COVID-19 lockdowns in public housing

ABSTRACT COVID-19 responses have cast a spotlight on the uneven impacts of public health policy with particular populations or sites targeted for intervention. Perhaps the starkest example in Australia was the ‘hard’ lockdown of nine public housing complexes in inner-city Melbourne from 4 to 18 July 2020, where residents were fully confined to their homes. These complexes are home to diverse migrant communities and the lockdown drew public criticism for unfairly stigmatising ethnic minorities. This article draws on media articles published during the lockdown and the Victorian Ombudsman’s subsequent investigation to explore the implications of broad, top-down public health measures for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. Drawing on Lea’s (2020) conceptualisation of policy ecology, we analyse the lockdown measures and community responses to explore the normative assumptions underpinning health policy mechanisms, constituting ‘target populations’ in narrow, exclusionary terms. We argue that the lockdown measures and use of police as compliance officers positioned tower residents as risky subjects in risky places. Tracing how such subject positions are produced, and resisted at the grassroots level, we highlight how policy instruments are not neutral interventions, but rather instantiate classed and racialised patterns of exclusion, reinforcing pervasive social inequalities in the name of public health.

Compliance issues in arbitration proceedings – bribery, money laundering and other abuses

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide a firsthand perspective on the challenges and risks that can arise in arbitration proceedings. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the concrete methods money launderers use, a qualitative study was conducted with 10 alleged money launderers and 18 prevention experts. The results were then tested quantitatively, and it was concluded that among money launderers, the highly regulated financial sector is less popular than other sectors. Findings Money launderers relocate to unregulated sectors or offshore banks to avoid being questioned by compliance officers. Therefore, it is necessary for arbitrators involved in commercial or investor–state arbitration to have the expertise to readily identify the issues raised by these criminal law concepts and provide answers. Originality/value This paper examines the intersection between the areas of international commercial arbitration and money laundering, bribery, as well as embezzlement. At the same time, it draws attention to the need to analyze compliance issues in arbitration proceedings.

Drone Use in On-Farm Environmental Compliance: An Investigation of Regulators’ Perspectives

Freshwater resources around the world are under increasing pressure from agricultural activities. As a result, regulatory frameworks around on-farm environmental compliance have become more complex. Consequently, farm plans which have been used in New Zealand to identify risks to and develop mitigation strategies for freshwater quality can be time consuming and costly to develop and monitor. Using semi-structured interviews, this study investigated the views of the regulators working in environmental policy and implementation on the use of drones to increase the efficiency of on-farm environmental compliance. Results show that drones can improve process robustness by providing an aerial view, and that they are quicker and safer to use on steeper contoured farms. However, there is confusion around the permissions required in order to capture footage, its ownership and storage, and who has access rights to the footage. This ambiguity in the implementation of environmental regulations can lead to uncertainty on the part of policy implementors around how to integrate drones in on-farm environmental compliance. In addition, positive relationships between farmers and compliance officers are needed in order for the benefits of drone use to be realised for on-farm environmental compliance purposes.

Lice zaduženo za usklađenost poslovanja u Republici Srbiji - zaposleni ili privremeni menadžer?

The first part of the paper analyzes the principle of legality in business and the basic features of the compliance function. Taking into account that the principle of legality in business is one of the core pillars for achieving good corporate governance, having a person who will perform the compliance function is of great significance. The legal position of the compliance officer may be differently regulated, whether as an employee or an outsourced expert. The second part of the paper deals with these two options taking into account the standing practice in the United Kingdom and Germany, where the compliance function has a long tradition. These examples may be challenging for Serbia to follow, since its compliance function is at the very beginning, although having a compliance officer (team) as an employee should be the ultimate objective. In the meantime, the authors propose for Serbian companies to hire compliance officers as interim managers as a solution.

Uncovering the Differences among Compliance Officers, Corporate Monitors and Trustees under Antitrust and Anti-Corruption Laws

Uncovering the Differences among Compliance Officers, Corporate Monitors and Trustees under Antitrust and Anti-Corruption Laws

Evaluating the Melbourne Strategic Assessment—Elegant on process, currently failing on implementation

SummaryThis paper provides a critical analysis of the development and current outcomes of Australia's first endorsed strategic assessment under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, namely, the Melbourne Strategic Assessment. It covers progress towards protection of a number of Nationally Significant Species and Ecological Communities – most notably, the native grassland communities immediately adjacent to Melbourne's Urban Growth Boundary. The Commonwealth approval to protect biodiversity and allow urban development was made in 2010 and it aimed to achieve its outcomes by 2020. These outcomes included providing new land for homes, for new transport corridors, and for conservation of biodiversity. Natural Temperate Grassland (4,667 ha), Grassy Eucalypt Woodland (709 ha) and seven other Matters of National Environmental Significance will be impacted. Mitigation for this is establishment of 15,000 ha of grassland reserves, 1,200 ha of grassy woodland reserves, over 4,000 ha of other land zoned for conservation and 300 ha of wetland restoration. We conclude that the Melbourne Strategic Assessment has been a success in terms of the elegance and comprehensiveness of the approach, in cooperation between the levels of government, in the economic benefits, and in some aspects of social engagement of the agreement. However, the achievement of environmental outcomes must be currently considered a failure due to poor implementation. This failure includes not meeting the agreed 10 year deadline for land acquisition and management, poor monitoring and protection of set‐aside areas, and in reporting. We offer suggestions for how these current shortcomings could be overcome. These align well with the recommendations of the review of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (The independent statutory review of the Act in 2020) and include the establishment of the proposed Office of Compliance and Enforcement, the adoption of National Environmental Standards and the reforms regarding the role of Indigenous Australians in strategic assessments. If these were adopted, we conclude that the strategic assessment approach should be more widely used because of the more holistic approach and efficiencies that it envisages compared with site by site approaches.

Impact of Digitalizing Healthcare Business Operations on Cybersecurity Landscape

The technological evolution and digitalization of business operations contributed to healthcare organizations' constantly changing cybersecurity landscape. It is compulsory and mandated by the covered entities to fully comply with the industry regulatory standards, procedures, laws, and guidelines. The compliance officer must pay attention to the change in the business operations and the laws governing the organization's business operation. Developing an automated cybersecurity team that will track the change in the cybersecurity landscape of healthcare businesses as the business operations move toward digitalization and adoption of artificial intelligence-driven solutions. Adopting AI as a defensive measure requires an organization to monitor and assess the patent application landscape before deploying any AI intellectual property for its risk mitigation strategy or infrastructure protection. The security team must ensure that the usage of AI at the organization complies with the US federal and state antitrust laws. The organization's security team will implement control to identify data retention limits and regulate and permit the use of personally identifiable information within the organization. The enforcement will be via an organization's processes, functions, or approved mechanisms. The security team will implement binding techniques to strengthen the information flow enforcement process. This paper will elaborate on the binding technique that will regulate the number of users accessing the organization's resources or information. Keywords: Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Controls, Compliance, Rule & Regulation. Journal Reference Format: Yamcharoen P., Folorunsho O.S., Bayewu A. & Ojo T.P. (2022): Impact of Digitalizing Healthcare Business Operations on Cybersecurity Landscape. Journal of Behavioural Informatics, Digital Humanities and Development Research. Vol. 8.No. 4, Pp 27-34. Available online at https://www.isteams.net/behavioralinformaticsjournal. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/BHI/V8N4P3

Faculty Turnover: It's Preventable

Faculty Turnover: It's Preventable

The changing role of the chief compliance officer

Organisations are constantly challenged to reassess their position in the ever-changing business landscape. As this landscape changes, it arguably has the greatest impact on the role of the chief compliance officer, with the CCO playing an ever more crucial part in navigating the issues raised as a result of functional and operational challenges. Whether it's responding to the additional risks brought on by the pandemic, developing an approach to technology and data analytics that complies with ever-changing regulatory standards, or overseeing a remote or decentralised workforce, this all becomes a priority for the CCO. Amidst this backdrop, CCOs must be adaptable in order to take on a range of responsibilities.

Increasing trust and fairness in machine learning applications within the mortgage industry

The integration of machine learning in applications provides opportunities for increased efficiency in many organisations. However, the deployment of such systems is often hampered by the lack of insight into how their decisions are reached, resulting in concerns about trust and fairness. In this article, we investigate to what extent the addition of explainable AI components to ML applications can contribute to alleviating these issues. As part of this research, explainable AI functionality was developed for an existing ML model used for mortgage fraud detection at a large international financial institution based in The Netherlands A system implementing local explanation techniques was deployed to support the day-to-day work of fraud detection experts working with the model. In addition, a second system implementing global explanation techniques was developed to support the model management processes involving data-scientists, legal experts and compliance officers. A controlled experiment using actual mortgage applications was carried out to measure the effectiveness of these two systems, using both quantitative and qualitative assessment methods. Our results show that the addition of explainable AI functionality results in a statistically significant improvement in the levels of trust and usability by its daily users. The explainable AI system implementing global interpretability was found to considerably increase confidence in the ability to perform the processes focused on compliance and fairness. In particular, bias detection towards demographic groups successfully aided in the identification and removal of bias towards applicants with a migration background.

DETERMINANTS OF COMPUTER ASSISTED AUDIT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES (CAATs) ADOPTION

Determinants of the adoption of CAATs in the Internal Audit Departments are examined in this study by employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The attributes that were taken from the UTAUT theoretical model are performance expectancy, organisation readiness, effort expectancy and social influence. Apart from UTAUT’s attributes, this study has taken individual factors to be examined together with the model. They are also considered an external factor that was established through the Theory of Acceptance Model (TAM) in previous literature. Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were administered to internal auditors, followed by IT auditors and others such as Compliance officers and Quality auditors who use CAATs in their routine tasks; they work in multinational companies, government link companies and government agencies. The companies were chosen because they have in-house Internal Audit Departments. The results show that performance expectancy and individual factors are the most supported attributes that influence the adoption of CAATs. This study offers insights into the effect of individual factors on CAATs adoption. This paper expands the existing literature on factors that influence CAATs adoption among internal auditors.

Pulse Oximetry Error in Patients With Single-Ventricle Palliation.

Pulse Oximetry Error in Patients With Single-Ventricle Palliation.

ПОНЯТИЕ "ОТМЫВАНИЕ" (ЛЕГАЛИЗАЦИЯ) ДОХОДОВ: СУЩНОСТНЫЕ И ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ

The article shows how the concept of "mon-ey laundering" has developed and its defini-tion has expanded over time. The following research methods were used in the article: analysis of modern scientific literature by Russian and foreign authors, focused on the aspect of money laundering crimes in the international AML regime in accordance with the United Nations conventions (Vienna, Pa-lermo and the Convention on Corruption) and the standards of the Group devel-opment of financial measures to combat money laundering. The purpose of this study is to study the essential and legal aspects of financial moni-toring. 22 scientific articles and 6 legal acts in the field of combating money laundering and terrorist financing were analyzed. The study defines the stages of combating money laundering: placement, layering, inte-gration. It is concluded that in order to combat mon-ey laundering, institutions have to constantly tighten their internal organizational process-es, and for this, increasingly effective AML programs should be developed to register and promptly inform about potential risks to their financial systems, while an effective AML program should include the following: procedures customer due diligence; a dedi-cated AML Compliance Officer must be available; internal operations and current transaction monitoring processes, pro-cessing policies; continuous monitoring and verification of customer transactions in order to identify any illegal activities.

The regulatory leap into big data and machine learning: Practical advice for compliance officers

The domain of big data encompasses several buzzwords, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, emerging technologies and big data itself. Across industries, new technology generates both fascination and fear, but factors that drive innovation vary widely from industry to industry. The financial services industry is characterised by an ambivalence toward innovative technology, with many financial services firms embracing it and many more regulatory compliance professionals resisting it. This paper is divided into two parts: Part 1 describes the state of regulatory technology in financial services and Part 2 offers practical advice for compliance officers seeking to implement innovative technology projects at their firms, particularly using machine learning applications. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research and practice.

Challenges for financial institutes in implementing robust customer due diligence in Pakistan

PurposeThis study aims to investigates the challenges faced by Pakistani financial institutes (FIs) and regulators in implementing robust customer due diligence measures.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a qualitative technique. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews with chief compliance officers and regulators were conducted.FindingsThe study concluded that the main challenges are name screening, obsolete nature and quality of databases and undocumented, unregistered and unregulated portions of the economy and society. In addition, identification and verification of high-profile customers and beneficial owners, lack of specialised staff and cost of compliance are the significant challenges faced by FIs in Pakistan.Originality/valueThe Pakistani financial sector is less researched on anti-money laundering front, especially concerning customer due diligence. Further, the social, cultural and economic norms of the Indian sub-continent are more or less the same. Therefore, the study findings could be generalised to the region.

A stakeholder-based taxonomy for managing regulatory compliance risk and aligning to business strategy

Despite advances in how organisations identify and categorise evolving regulatory requirements, there is no common alignment around a robust taxonomy to manage regulatory compliance risk. This paper explains the importance of risk taxonomy, and how objectives provide the lens through which to categorise risks in a robust taxonomy. It summarises a stakeholder-based approach for categorising regulatory compliance risk, providing a financial services taxonomy example that has been successfully implemented at CWB. The advantages of a stakeholder-based taxonomy approach are reviewed, including its (a) robust risk identification and assessment; (b) flexible application to any scale or complexity of enterprise; (c) natural alignment for structuring oversight; (d) facilitation of focused reporting and aggregated updates; (e) agility to apply to an evolving external landscape; and most importantly (f) alignment with processes and tools for strategic management. Areas for further research to expand that literature are proposed, building from the paper's two main ideas — applying an objectives focus to risk taxonomy, and using it to apply a stakeholder-based approach to regulatory compliance risk taxonomy. The paper concludes with practical next step considerations for chief compliance officers in managing their own programmes.

Rancang Bangun Website Project Management Untuk Project Specific Repository Checklist Pt Anabatic Digital Raya Menggunakan Metode Rad (Rapid Application Development)

The development of the digital era is currently progressing very rapidly. Website-based applications can be a solution needed by companies that want to develop a more integrated online communication and information system. PT Anabatic Digital Raya is improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the Compliance Officer (CO) team in the process of checking project documents. By building a project management website application for the Project Specific Repository Checklist file by applying the RAD (Rapid Application Development) method, the goal to be realized will be achieved, namely increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the Compliance Officer team.

Challenges faced by financial institutes before onboarding politically exposed persons in undocumented Eastern economies: a case study of Pakistan

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate and investigate the existing process of establishing a banking relationship with politically exposed persons.Design/methodology/approachThis study used qualitative techniques of semi-structured interviews with senior compliance officers of financial institutes in Pakistan.FindingsThis study found that the existing mechanism of identification and verification of politically exposed persons (PEPs) is ineffective. Financial institutes face challenges like the quality of name screening data sets, cost of identification and verification, role and control of the regulator, the influence of politically exposed persons, the opaqueness of laws and international connections of the politically exposed persons. Further, financial Institutes are burdened by regulators to perform robust PEP customer due diligence but do not guide and provide the right tools.Originality/valueThis paper aims to find challenges faced by financial institutes before onboarding the PEPs. Further, very limited studies on this topic have been conducted in Pakistani context.

Corporate Governance Mechanism: Its Role Against the Criteria for Sharia Stocks and Share Prices

AbstractPurpose - This study examines the effect of corporate governance mechanisms represented by the number of board of commissioners and board of directors on the fulfillment of sharia stock criteria and stock prices. Methodology - The data collected from 195 Islamic issuers listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index with the observation period of the 2012- 2016 on the annual report. The analytical tool used is a robust path analysis using WARP PLS. Findings - The results of the study state that there is a direct influence of the corporate governance mechanism on the fulfillment of sharia stock criteria, there is an indirect influence from the board of commissioners through the board of directors on sharia stock criteria, but there is no indirect influence on stock prices. The average value of TUBTA and NPI is well below the maximum limit set by OJK, and there is no sharia compliance officer in the company under study. The existence of compliant sharia officers may be a solution for differences in the influence that occurs between the commissioner's board and the board of directors on the fulfillment of Islamic finance criteria.Keywords: Board of commissioners; board of directors; sharia stock financial criteria; stock prices.