Acid Complexes Research Articles

The structural and digestive properties of indica rice starch-fatty acid complexes

The structural and digestive properties of indica rice starch-fatty acid complexes and the effects of lipoxygenase on the structural and digestive properties of the complexes were examined in this study. The complexes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that indica rice starch had the highest molecular chain order and the highest crystallinity, and the crystallization disappeared after gelatinization, and the formation of indica rice starch-fatty acid complexes promoted the transformation of starch crystal structure from A-type to V-type. Lipoxygenase reduced the regularity of starch molecular crystal structure in the complexes, while enzyme protein improved the order of starch molecular structure in the complexes. The regularity of starch crystal structure in the complexes could improve with the increase of composite temperature and the increase of fatty acid unsaturation. In vitro digestibility and in vitro digestion kinetics showed that the formation of indica rice starch-fatty acid complexes reduced the digestibility of indica rice starch to a certain extent. The RDS content of indica rice starch was 66.42 ± 0.39 %, and lipoxygenase reduced the reduction of rapidly digested starch content during complexes digestion, while enzyme protein increased the content of resistant starch.

Abstract Mo134: Restoring NaV1.5 Mutant Functionality in Arrhythmia with ManNAc Supplementation

The SCN5A gene encodes the human cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5, essential for cardiac excitability and action potential propagation. Mutations in SCN5A are linked to various cardiac disorders, including Brugada Syndrome (BrS), typically leading to channel loss-of-function. Understanding alterations in NaV1.5 expression and sodium current density is vital for comprehending arrhythmogenesis and formulating therapeutic strategies. Post-translational modifications, especially sialylation, significantly impact channel functionality. We previously demonstrated that BrS patients show decreased protein sialylation, correlating with reduced sodium channel activity. This study aimed to investigate sialic acid's role in regulating NaV1.5 activity, testing if sialylation induction via mannosamine (ManNAc) supplementation could restore channel activity in-vitro. Preliminary tests with exogenous sialidases and ManNAc supplementation affirmed our hypothesis. We examined ManNAc's effect on NaV1.5 mutants common in BrS, which typically exhibit partial functional loss. We overexpressed mutations p.A344S, p.K1479A, and p.G1406R in HEK293A cells and measured sodium currents before and after ManNAc supplementation to stimulate sialic acid synthesis. ManNAc effectively restored sodium currents in mutants with intracellular and extracellular loop mutations. However, the p.1406G>A mutant, affecting the pore structure, showed no improvement, suggesting that sialic acid mainly influences channel membrane trafficking rather than direct glycosylation. This underscores the complexity of sialic acid's role and points to trafficking pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Notably, the treatment neither increased nor decreased sodium currents in wild-type NaV1.5 channels or in the CaV3.2 calcium channel, underscoring its specificity. In summary, our findings demonstrate that ManNAc supplementation can selectively restore the function of certain NaV1.5 mutants without affecting wild-type channels, highlighting the potential of targeting sialylation pathways for SCN5A-related arrhythmia treatments. Future research should aim to unravel these mechanisms further, providing insights into novel treatments for SCN5A-related arrhythmias.

Bio-Inspired histidine-based copper complex: An efficient and robust electrocatalyst for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

The quest for an efficient and sustainable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using earth-abundant elements is crucial for cost-effective and environmentally friendly hydrogen production. While many catalysts show good activity and stability in strongly basic conditions, fewer materials are effective under neutral conditions, which are more practical for electrolyzer operations. This study introduces a dinuclear copper catalyst, [Cu2(μ-OH) (μ-NO3) (L)2], where L is the Schiff base ligand derived from salicylaldehyde and histidine amino acid (Complex 1), for HER in both aqueous and non-aqueous environments. In non-aqueous conditions, with acetic acid as a proton source, the catalyst exhibits outstanding HER performance, achieving an overpotential of 170 mV. At an acid concentration of 0.086 M, it achieves a catalytic current of ∼17.5 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 0.52 V. Remarkably, in fully aqueous neutral conditions, Complex 1 reaches a significant current density with an ic/ip ratio of ∼82 at a scan rate of 1.0 V s−1, and an apparent rate constant (kobs) for electrocatalytic HER of ∼13,200 s−1. The catalyst also shows excellent activity in 0.1 M H3PO4, with low overpotentials of ∼150 mV at 2.0 mA cm⁻2 and 270 mV at 10.0 mA cm⁻2. In controlled potential electrolysis (CPE), the catalyst maintains stable catalytic currents of 25 mA cm⁻2 and 75 mA cm⁻2 for 18–28 h at a potential of 0.590 V vs. RHE in neutral and acidic conditions, respectively, without noticeable decrease in catalytic current. Detailed characterizations confirm the molecular integrity of the catalyst and its predominantly homogeneous catalytic mechanism.

The methane dry reforming reaction was conducted using a combination of lamellar vermiculite molecular sieve and highly active perovskite catalyst

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) enables the conversion of two greenhouse gases, CH4 and CO2, into syngas, offering remarkable environmental and economic benefits. The primary challenge in this process lies in maintaining the catalyst's high catalytic activity and stability. In this study, natural vermiculite (VMT) was employed to modify the layer carrier with a large specific surface area and suitable pore size. By combining the structural characteristics of perovskite, we synthesized the LaNiO3/VMT-SiO2 perovskite catalyst using the citric acid complex method for methane dry reforming reaction. The results demonstrate that at T = 750 °C and GHSV = 36,000 mL/(h·gcat), the catalyst exhibits excellent activity (achieving maximum conversions of 82% for CO2 and 90% for CH4) as well as stability (up to 24 h). Characterization techniques such as XRD and TEM revealed that the catalyst possesses exceptional catalytic activity and stability due to its horizontally distributed active component Ni within perovskite. Through pretreatment, we obtained an active component Ni with small particle size and uniform dispersion along with a carrier featuring a large specific surface area. Furthermore, alkaline La2O3 in the reduced catalyst enhances its carbon resistance.

Immunomodulatory activity of ovotransferrin-chlorogenic acid complexes enhanced by high-intensity ultrasound (HIU): A structure-function relationship study

This study investigated the impact of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) treatment on the physiochemical, conformational, and immunomodulatory activity of the OVT-CA complex, emphasizing the structure-function relationship. HIU treatment reduced particle size, improved dispersion, and increased electronegativity of the complex. It facilitated binding between OVT and CA, achieving a maximum degree of 45.22 mg/g CA grafting and reducing interaction time from 2 h to 15 min. HIU-induced cavitation and shear promoted the exposure of -SH and unfolding of OVT, leading to increased surface hydrophobicity of the complex and transformation of its structure from β-sheet to α-helix. Additionally, CA binds to OVT in the C-lobe region, and HIU treatment modulates the intermolecular forces governing the complex formation, particularly by reinforcing hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and introducing electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, HIU treatment increased the immunomodulatory activity of the complex, which was attributed to complex structural changes facilitating enhanced cell membrane affinity, antigen recognition, and B-cell epitope availability. Hierarchical cluster and Pearson correlation analysis confirmed that HIU treatment duration had a greater impact than power on both the structure and activity of the complex, and an optimal HIU treatment duration within 30 min was found to be crucial for activity enhancement. Moreover, structural changes, including ζ-potential, particle size/turbidity, and surface hydrophobicity, were closely correlated with immunomodulatory activity. This study highlights the potential application of HIU in developing protein–polyphenol immunomodulatory agents for public health and food nutrition.

One-pot construction of gradient colloidal gel coating for stable and efficient emulsion separation

Gradient gel coatings possess superior interfacial bonding strength and surface wettability, providing new ideas for the structure design of separation materials. However, simply and effectively combining colloidal gels that have excellent separation potential with gradient structure design remains a great challenge. Herein, a polymerization-induced microphase separation strategy based on metal ions is developed for constructing colloidal gel coatings with gradient structure on the stainless steel mesh. The colloidal gel is formed by hydrogen-bond complexation and microphase separation of acrylamide and methacrylic acid during polymerization. The metal ions generated by the hydrogen evolution corrosion of stainless steel mesh can not only be used to construct a continuous gradient structure by influencing the microphase separation process but also enhance the mechanical properties and stability of the gel coating. The preparation strategies of traditional gradient materials are limited in the manufacturing and application processes due to their complicated preparation procedures and potential requirement for special equipment assistance. In contrast, this strategy can simply and efficiently prepare colloidal gel coatings with continuous gradient structure by one-pot method under strict monomer ratio. Its unique colloid network demonstrates better wettability and permeability than conventional polymer gel. The prepared gradient colloidal gel coating exhibits excellent separation efficiency (above 99.9 %) and water flux recovery rate (≈98.75 %) in separating surfactant-stabilized emulsion. Therefore, this work provides new insights into the design and preparation of gradient colloidal gels, promoting their development in the field of water treatment.

Microstructure and emulsifying properties of rice starch-fatty acid complexes prepared by ultra-high pressure treatment

Saturated fatty acids with different chain lengths, namely lauric acid (LA), myristic acid (MA), palmitic acid (PA), and stearic acid (SA) were complexed with rice starch using ultra-high pressure (UHP, 400, or 500 MPa) or heat gelatinization. The microstructure and emulsifying properties of the resulting starch-lipid complexes were analyzed. Compared with controls (starch treated without fatty acid), complexation with fatty acids increased the hydrophobicity of the starch, decreased its average particle size, significantly improved its viscoelasticity and decreased its gelatinization temperature. The emulsion indices of the starch-lipid complexes were determined. Addition of MA treated at 400 MPa (400 MPa-MA) significantly improved the emulsifying capacity of the starch for Pickering emulsions, the relative occluded volume (ROV) reaching 91.22%, markedly higher than the other complexes. The particle size of 400 MPa-MA was significantly smaller than that of the other complexes; the D [4, 3] particle size was 5.08 μm and the contact angle was 65.18°. Light microscopy showed that the Pickering emulsion stabilized with 400 MPa-MA had a dense network structure, which was more stable than those of the other complexes. The formation and physicochemical properties of starch-lipid complexes appear to be closely related to the preparation method, and ultra-high pressure treatment appears to be an effective approach to prepare starch-lipid complexes for the stabilization of Pickering emulsions.

Antibacterial properties of photo-crosslinked chitosan/methacrylated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles loaded with bacitracin

The current treatments for wounds often fail to induce adequate healing, leaving wounds vulnerable to persistent infections and development of drug-resistant microbial biofilms. New natural-derived nanoparticles were studied to impair bacteria colonization and hinder the formation of biofilms in wounds. The nanoparticles were fabricated through polyelectrolyte complexation of chitosan (CS, polycation) and hyaluronic acid (HA, polyanion). UV-induced photo-crosslinking was used to enhance the stability of the nanoparticles. To achieve this, HA was methacrylated (HAMA, degree of modification of 20 %). Photo-crosslinked nanoparticles obtained from HAMA and CS had a diameter of 478 nm and a more homogeneous size distribution than nanoparticles assembled solely through complexation (742 nm). The nanoparticles were loaded with the antimicrobial agent bacitracin (BC), resulting in nanoparticles with a diameter of 332 nm. The encapsulation of BC was highly efficient (97 %). The BC-loaded nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Photo-crosslinked HAMA/CS nanoparticles loaded with BC demonstrated inhibition of biofilm formation and a positive effect on the proliferation of mammalian cells (L929). These crosslinked nanoparticles have potential for the long-term treatment of wounds and controlled antibiotic delivery at the location of a lesion.

Magnesium(II) Porphyrazine with Thiophenylmethylene Groups-Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, UV-Visible Titration with Palladium Ions, and Density Functional Theory Calculations.

The presented studies aimed to evaluate the peripheral coordinating properties of a novel porphyrinoid family representative preceded by its synthesis for potential sensing purposes. Two synthetic pathways were employed to a obtain maleonitrile derivative, further used as a starting material in the cyclotetramerization reaction. In the first one, DAMN was used in sequential double-reductive alkylation with 2-thiophene-carboxyaldehyde and sodium borohydride. In the second, DAMN was used in a one-pot reaction with 2-thiophene-carboxyaldehyde in the presence of a 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine borane complex in methanol and acetic acid. Following the Linstead approach, the cyclization reaction led to a novel symmetrical magnesium(II) octaaminoporphyrazine with methyl(2-thiophenylmethylene) substituents. The macrocycle's electrochemical properties were assessed by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetries revealing one reduction and two oxidation peak potentials. The additional spectroelectrochemical measurements showed formation of a cationic form of the macrocycle at an applied potential of 0.6 V. The coordinating properties due to the palladium ion of novel porphyrazines were measured with the use of titration combined with UV-vis spectrometry. The titration of Pd2+ revealed the good sensing activity of porphyrazine in the range of 0.1 to 5 palladium molar equivalents. In addition, Pd2+ ions coordination was also assessed by electrochemical studies, indicating the peak potential shift of 0.1 V in the presence of metal cations. DFT calculations showed the good agreement between theoretical and experimental data in the UV-vis and 1H NMR studies.

Dietary supplementation with mulberry leaf flavonoids and carnosic acid complex enhances the growth performance and antioxidant capacity via regulating the p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of mulberry leaf flavonoids and carnosic acid complex (MCC) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant, and p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in broilers. A total of 256 healthy 8-day-old female yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: a control group (CON) fed a basal diet, an antibiotic group (CTC) supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline, and two experimental groups (MCC75, MCC150) fed basal diets with 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of MCC, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days, with days 1-28 designated as the initial phase and days 29-56 as the growth phase. The results on the growth performance showed that diets supplemented with MCC and CTC decreased the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G), diarrhea rate, and death rate, while significantly increasing the average daily weight gain (ADG) (p < 0.05). Specifically, the MCC150 group enhanced intestinal health, indicated by reduced crypt depth and increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (V/C) as well as amylase activity in the jejunum. Both the MCC and CTC groups exhibited increased villus height and V/C ratio in the ileal (p < 0.05). Additionally, all treated groups showed elevated serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and significant increases in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed in both the MCC150 and CTC groups. Molecular analysis revealed an upregulation of the jejunal mRNA expression levels of PGC-1α, Nrf2, and Keap1 in the MCC and CTC groups, as well as an upregulation of ileum mRNA expression levels of P38, PGC-1α, Nrf2, and Keap1 in the MCC150 group, suggesting activation of the p38-MAPK/Nrf2 pathway. These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with MCC, particularly at a dosage of 150 mg/kg, may serve as a viable antibiotic alternative, enhancing growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant capacity in broilers by regulating the p38-MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.

Зависимость качества винопродукции сорта Красностоп АЗОС от подкормок разными группами веществ

Abstraсt. The impact of climatic changes in external conditions on the terroirs of the planet forces the grape plant to acquire new properties and characteristics that can negatively affect the quality of the wine made from them. Many countries around the world are faced with the problem of producing grape raw materials with high sugar content and insufficient ripening of phenols. One of the effective methods of reducing the negative impact of unfavorable terroir factors is the use of various fertilizers, including foliar fertilizers. In viticulture at the present stage, there is no systematic scientific knowledge about the mechanisms of action of certain drugs on the quality parameters of grapes and wine. The objects of study are preparations of various spectrums of foliar action: complex amino acid-humic fertilizer with vitamins and microelements of the CAGS brand; Chlorella extract (amino acid complex, highly effective natural biostimulator of plant growth.); Agrumax (mineral complex); biodux – growth regulator arachidonic acid, a complex of biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids of the fungus Mortierella alpina; must and wine from the Krasnostop AZOS variety. The work used: modern instrumental and analytical methods for studying fruit crops and grapes; methods of technochemical and microbiological control in winemaking; wine parameters were determined according to GOST methods and original certified methods of the winemaking center of the NCFSCHVW; polyphenolic and anthocyanin substances in wine were studied using the technique of V.G. Gerzhikova, Research Institute "Magarach". Agricultural technology is generally accepted, adapted to the local terroir. Work on studying the impact of foliar preparations on the quality of must and wine, analysis of wine materials from the Krasnostop AZOS variety and their organoleptic evaluation, allows us to conclude that with an increase in the concentration of the extract, phenolic substances, and the total content of biologically active substances in it, the hygienic value and general quality of the wine itself; the highest tasting score was given to wine samples from the variants of treating grapes with foliar preparations from the group of biologically active substances: Chlorella algae extract and Biodux. Keywords: grape quality, microfertilizers, microwinemaking, wine quality, tasting analysis Financing source: The research was carried out within the State Task of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the FSBSI NCFSCHVW.

Insight into the interaction between amino acids and SO2: Detailed bonding modes.

Amino acids are a highly effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for SO2. However, there has been no comprehensive study of the binding modes between amino acids and SO2 at the molecular level. In this paper, the binding modes of three amino acids (Asp, Lys, and Val) with SO2 are studied comprehensively and in detail using quantum chemical calculations. The results indicate that each amino acid has multiple binding modes: 22 for Asp, 49 for Lys, and 10 for Val. Both the amino and carboxyl groups in amino acids, as well as those in side chains, can serve as binding sites for chalcogen bonds. The binding energies range from - 6.42 to - 1.06kcal/mol for Asp, - 12.43 to - 1.63kcal/mol for Lys, and - 7.42 to - 0.60kcal/mol for Val. Chalcogen and hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the stronger binding modes. The chalcogen bond is the strongest when interacting with an amino group, with an adiabatic force constant of 0.475 mDyn/Å. Energy decomposition analysis indicates that the interaction is primarily electrostatic attraction, with the orbital and dispersive interactions dependent on the binding mode. Amino acids and complexes of amino acids with SO2 were used to do semi-empirical MD using Molclus combined with xtb at the GFN2 level. Optimization and frequency calculations of the structures were conducted using density-functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-311G* (with DFT-D3 correction). Single-point energy calculations were performed for all structures using DLPNO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ with tightPNO. Further analysis of the structures was conducted using ESP, AIM, IGMH, and sob-EDA to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between amino acids and SO2.

Closo-B10H8-10-PhI-1-COOH]- Anion: An Intermediate for Functional Anionic Carboxylate Ligands.

A potentially general intermediate, [closo-B10H8-10-PhI-1-COOH]-, for a class of functional anionic carboxylic acids, [closo-B10H8-10-X-1-COOH]2-, was obtained in four steps and 26% overall yield from [closo-B10H10]2-. It was converted to the pyridinium derivative (X = C5H5N+) and subsequently to coordination complexes with (phen)2Cu2+ and (phen)2Zn2+ ions. Both the acid and Zn(II) complex exhibit a cage-to-pyridine charge-transfer band. The availability of such acids opens access to functional metal-ion complexes with compensated charges.

Direct Enantiomer Differentiation of Drugs and Drug-Like Compounds via Noncovalent Copper-Amino Acid Complexation and Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry.

Drug enantiomers can possess vastly different pharmacological properties, yet they are identical in their chemical composition and structural connectivity. Thus, resolving enantiomers poses a great challenge in the field of separation science. Enantiomer separations necessitate interaction of the analyte with a chiral environment─in mass spectrometry-based analysis, a common approach is through a three-point interaction with a chiral selector commonly introduced during sample preparation. In select cases, the structural difference imparted through noncovalent complexation results in enantiomer-specific structural differences, facilitating measurement using a structurally selective analytical technique such as ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). In this work, we investigate the direct IM-MS differentiation of chiral drug compounds using mononuclear copper complexes incorporating an amino acid chiral selector. A panel of 20 chiral drugs and drug-like compounds were investigated for separation, and four l-amino acids (l-histidine, l-tryptophan, l-proline, and l-tyrosine) were evaluated as chiral selectors (CS) to provide the chiral environment necessary for differentiation. Enantiomer differentiation was achieved for four chiral molecule pairs (R/S-thalidomide, R/S-baclofen, R/S-metoprolol, and d/l-panthenol) with two-peak resolution (Rp-p) values ranging from 0.7 (>10% valley) to 1.5 (baseline separation). Calibration curves relating IM peak areas to enantiomeric concentrations enabled enantiomeric excess quantitation of racemic thalidomide and metoprolol with residuals of 5.7 and 2.5%, respectively. Theoretical models suggest that CuII and l-histidine complexation around the analyte chiral center is important for gas-phase stereoselectivity. This study demonstrates the potential of combining enantioselective noncovalent copper complexation with structurally selective IM-MS for differentiating chiral drugs and drug-like compounds.

Computational insights into intrinsically disordered regions in protein-nucleic acid complexes

We study transitions in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) upon complex formation, utilizing X-ray-solved structural dataset of protein-DNA and protein-RNA complexes, along with their available unbound protein forms. The identified IDRs are categorized into three classes: Disordered-to-Ordered (D-O), Disordered-to-Partial Ordered (D-PO) and Disordered-to-Disordered (D-D) after comparing them in unbound and complex forms. In the D-O class, IDRs form secondary structures like coils, helices, and strands upon binding to nucleic acids. Though a majority of these IDRs are present at the surface of the complexes, a significant number of IDRs are also observed at the interfaces and are involved in polar interactions. The hydrogen bonds made by the interface IDRs (B_IDRs) with phosphates and bases of nucleic acids are comparatively more than those formed with sugars. B_IDRs form more H-bonds with the ribose in protein-RNA than with the deoxyribose in protein-DNA. Among the B_IDRs, Arg and Lys prefer to interact with the major and minor grooves of DNA and RNA, respectively. Ser, however, prefers the minor groove in both the nucleic acids. Interestingly, we report 61 and 48 IDRs in 31 protein-DNA and 22 protein-RNA complexes, respectively, suggesting nucleic acid binding to proteins may also result in ordered-to-disordered transitions.

Cutting-edge progress in green technologies for resistant starch type 3 and type 5 preparation: An updated review

Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fiber that resists starch hydrolysis in the small intestine, and is fermented in the colon by microorganisms. RS not only has a broad range of benefits in the food and non-food industries but also has a significance impact on health promotion and prevention of non-communicable diseases. RS types 3 and 5 have been the focus of research from an environment-friendly perspective. RS3 is normally formed by recrystallization after physical modification, whereas RS5 is obtained by the complexation of starch and fatty acids through the thermomechanical methods. This review provides updates and approaches to RS3 and RS5 preparations that promote RS content based on green technologies. This information will be useful for future research on RS development and for identifying preparation methods for functional food.

Bioinformatics in Neonatal/Pediatric Medicine-A Literature Review.

Bioinformatics is a scientific field that uses computer technology to gather, store, analyze, and share biological data and information. DNA sequences of genes or entire genomes, protein amino acid sequences, nucleic acid, and protein-nucleic acid complex structures are examples of traditional bioinformatics data. Moreover, proteomics, the distribution of proteins in cells, interactomics, the patterns of interactions between proteins and nucleic acids, and metabolomics, the types and patterns of small-molecule transformations by the biochemical pathways in cells, are further data streams. Currently, the objectives of bioinformatics are integrative, focusing on how various data combinations might be utilized to comprehend organisms and diseases. Bioinformatic techniques have become popular as novel instruments for examining the fundamental mechanisms behind neonatal diseases. In the first few weeks of newborn life, these methods can be utilized in conjunction with clinical data to identify the most vulnerable neonates and to gain a better understanding of certain mortalities, including respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, or inborn errors of metabolism. In the current study, we performed a literature review to summarize the current application of bioinformatics in neonatal medicine. Our aim was to provide evidence that could supply novel insights into the underlying mechanism of neonatal pathophysiology and could be used as an early diagnostic tool in neonatal care.

Effect of manganese amino acid complexes on growth performance, meat quality, breast muscle and bone development in broilers

ABSTRACT 1. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of manganese (Mn) amino acid complexes on growth performance, Mn deposition, meat quality, breast muscle and bone development of broilers. 2. A total of 504, one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into seven treatments; control diet (CON; basal diet, no extra Mn addition), manganese diet (MnN as Numine®-Mn; CON + 40, 80, 120 or 160 mg Mn/kg), manganese-S group (MnS; CON + 120 mg Mn/kg as MnSO4·H2O), manganese-A diet (MnA as Mn from hydrolysed feather meal; CON + 40 mg Mn/kg as MnA). 3. There were no significant differences for average daily gain (ADG) or feed intake (ADFI) among diets during the feed phases (p > 0.05). The FCR in the starter and over the whole period were quadratically affected by dietary MnN dosage and gave the lowest FCR at 80 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The Mn content of thigh muscle, jejunum, heart, pancreas, liver and tibia increased linearly with MnN addition (p < 0.05). 4. For meat quality, MnN significantly increased colour (a*), pH45 min and pH24 h, reduced shear force, drip loss and pressure loss of breast muscle (p < 0.05). 5. Moreover, MnN significantly upregulated MYOD expression at d 21 and SOD expression at d 42, decreased MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 mRNA level at d 42 in breast muscle. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the regulating effect of MnN on muscle development significantly enriched signalling pathways such as adhesion, ECM-receptor, MAPK, mTOR and AMPK. Furthermore, dietary MnN significantly affected tibia length and growth plate development (p < 0.05) and promoted growth plate chondrocytes by increasing SOX-9, Runx-2, Mef2c, TGF-β, Ihh, Bcl-2 and Beclin1 and decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 (p < 0.05) expression which affect longitudinal tibial development. 6. In conclusion, Mn amino acid complexes could improve growth performance, tissue Mn deposition, breast muscle development, meat quality and bone development.

Exploring a maize-derived dietary fiber-phenolic acid complex with prebiotic effects

The structural, functional, and prebiotic properties of three maize-derived cell wall dietary fiber-phenolic acid complexes (CWDFPC1, CWDFPC2, and CWDFPC3) were investigated. The results showed that all three CWDFPCs had similar proximate composition and XRD pattern (type I). However, there were significant differences in the phytochemical profiles of their phenolic compounds (PC). Although the testa was the primary source of bound PC (BPC) in all three CWDFPCs, CWDFPC2 had the highest BPC content (15.41 mg GAE/g) and exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity in vitro (DPPH and ABTS assays). The water holding capacity of CWDFPC1 (6.53 g/g) and CWDFPC3 (6.86 g/g) was higher than CWDFPC2 (4.84 g/g), and three CWDFPCs had similar nitrite ion adsorption capacity, bile adsorption capacity, and cation-exchange capacity. After 48 h of in vitro fecal fermentation, CWDFPC2 produced more short-chain fatty acids (46.33 mM) compared to CWDFPC1 and CWDFPC3 (40.26 mM and 44.20 mM, respectively).

Fabrication of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) using pea protein isolate-hyaluronic acid-tannic acid complexes: Application of curcumin-loaded HIPEs as edible inks for 3D food printing

Pea protein isolate (PPI)-hyaluronic acid (HA)-tannic acid (TA) ternary complexes were assembled using non-covalent interactions, their potential application in 3D printing and delivery of curcumin were investigated. As the HA-to-TA ratio in the complexes changed from 1:0 to 0:1, the oil-water interfacial tension first decreased and then increased, and the secondary structure of the proteins changed. The composition of the complexes (HA-to-TA ratio) was optimized to produce high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing small uniform oil droplets with good storage and thermal stability. When the HA to TA ratio is 7:1 (P-H7-T1), HIPEs exhibited better viscosity, viscoelasticity, and thixotropy, which contributed to its preferable 3D printing. Moreover, curcumin-loaded HIPEs stabilized by P-H7-T1 showed a high lipid digestibility (≈101%) and curcumin bioaccessibility (≈79%). In summary, the PPI-HA-TA-stabilized HIPEs have good potential to be 3D-printable materials that could be loaded with bioactive components.