This paper focuses on the robust stability analysis of fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks (FOQVNNs) with neutral delay and parameter uncertainties. Without transforming the FOQVNNs into equivalent two complex-valued systems or four real-valued systems, based on homeomorphism principle, matrix inequality technique and Lyapunov method, both delay-independent and delay-dependent criteria to guarantee the existence, uniqueness and global stability of equilibrium point for the considered FOQVNNs are derived in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Two examples with simulations are provided to manifest the theoretical results.