Complex Technical System Research Articles

ОЦЕНКА И АНАЛИЗ АЭРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВОЗДУШНЫХ ПОТОКОВ ДЛЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ВЫБОРА СХЕМ ВОЗДУХООБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ В УГОЛЬНЫХ ШАХТАХ

The article examines a complex technical system on the example of air supply of coal mines, characterized by: multicomponent, a large number of quantitative and qualitative parameters, nonlinearity of interdependencies between them; incompleteness of information, the complexity of experimental research, the risks of dangerous situations and the catastrophic nature of their consequences; the uniqueness of the modes and conditions of the systems functioning. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for assessing and analyzing the aerodynamic parameters of air flows for the effective selection of air supply schemes in coal mines using the decomposition method. Research methodology: the solution of the set tasks is based on modern methods of mathematical statistics; graph theory; decision theory; apparatus of mathematical logic; factor analysis; mathematical modeling; set theory; reliability theory and systems analysis. Research results. A method for the analysis and analytical modeling of complex technical systems of variable structure (CTS VS) is developed, focused on the features of these systems and their processes in conditions of incomplete information, different quality data on their state and functioning, which differs from the known ones by a combination of the capabilities of analytical and statistical approaches to the construction of CTS VS models, which allows to adapt to changes in systemic and external factors, improve the accuracy of modeling, and also typify the presentation of fuzzy situational features for effective management of the CTS VS. Conclusion. A method has been developed for assessing the reliability of the parameters of the CTS VS based on the algorithms for analyzing and assessing the reliability of the CTS VS, the algorithm for the formation of the most complete subsets listing in the graph all possible compatible subsets of a given set of vertices differing in that they are based on the analysis of enlarged states and decomposition of the structural diagram, which allows analytical and statistical studies to significantly increase the accuracy of assessing the reliability of CTS VS and reduce the amount of calculations. Result: the proposed methods were used to solve the problems of air distribution control in coal mines.

POSSIBLE OPTION FOR CALCULATING VEHICLE VIBRATIONS

Determination of the loads on the elastic elements of the car suspension is a necessary part of the overall calculation of the car as a complex technical system. Considerable attention is paid to this issue both in fundamental works on automobiles and in educational literature. The authors of works devoted to the problem of car vibrations, in most cases, vibrations are considered from the point of view the smoothness of the movement of the car, which is quite logical because the smoothness of the ride determines many indicators of movement and, first of all, the physical well-being of the driver and passengers as well as the safety of transported fragile goods. In this case, the car is considered as a system with several masses connected by elastic elements. This approach requires reducing the masses and stiffnesses of elastic elements to specific points of the vehicle structure, compiling several differential equations of mass motion and, accordingly, significantly complicates solving a problem that is not always required by specific design problems. This article presents a variant of calculating dynamic loads based on a single-mass dynamic system, in which the sprung masses are considered as a single mass concentrated in the center of mass of the body and resting on elastic suspension elements. The solution of the dynamic problem in this case is much simpler, and the results solving a problem that is not always required by specific design problems. This article presents a variant of calculating dynamic loads based on a single-mass dynamic system, in which the sprung masses are considered as a single mass concentrated in the center of mass of the body and resting on elastic suspension elements. The solution of the dynamic problem in this case is much simpler, and the results of the solution may well satisfy the requirements for the accuracy of calculations, since end obtaining specific formulas for the dynamic factor of the loads on the vehicle structure depending on the speed of the vehicle hitting an obstacle. In addition, knowledge of the maximum deformation of the elastic elements of the suspension makes it possible to optimally determine the required depth of the wheel arches of the car, to calculate the required stiffness of the elastic elements of the axles of the car in accordance with the parts of the weight of the entire car falling on them. Keywords: automobile, elastic elements, vibrations, loads.

Knowledge Modeling in Troubleshooting

Introduction. The article describes the approach to solving the problem of complex technical system troubleshooting based on expert knowledge modeling. Intelligent information systems are widely used to solve the problems of diagnostics of multilevel systems including combine harvesters. The formal description of the subject domain knowledge is the framework for building the knowledge base of these systems. The sequence of creating an expert system knowledge base in accordance with production rules is considered. Materials and Methods. The approach is founded on the fault function table. As the object of diagnostics, one of the subsystems of the combine harvester electric equipment “opening the hopper roof flaps” is considered. The basis for constructing a sequence of elementary checks is a system of logical equations describing both the serviceable and possible faulty states of the subsystem. Results. A structural logic model is developed. As a result of analyzing the fault function table, the sets of elementary checks are determined. Four criteria have been used to analyze the weight of these checks. The authors have determined optimal sequence of checks and have developed a decision tree, which allows finding the cause of the malfunction and is the basis for creating the knowledge base of an intelligent information system. A fragment of the knowledge base is given. Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed approach of expert knowledge modelling increases the efficiency of the unit for troubleshooting of the intelligent decision support system. It makes possible to structure the base of expertise and establishing the optimal sequence of elementary checks. This allows determining the optimal sequence of application of the knowledge base production rule that makes it possible to reduce the time of restoring the serviceability of combines.

Information technology of visualization for technological processes for research modes of functioning of complex technological systems

The development of a mathematical model of a technical system based on the means of discrete-continuous networks and taking into account the interaction with a multimedia platform is presented. The efficiency of the process for visualizing the functioning of the complex technical system is increased by implementing the interaction of the modeling environment with the Unity platform in the feedback mode. The experiments linked to the integration of the DC-Net simulation software environment with the Unity cross-platform development environment are implemented. An example of developing the model of a technical system in the DC-Net environment and an example of developing a process for visualizing the functioning of a corresponding technical system based on the Unity platform are presented. The fundamental suitability of using the integration of various information technologies linked with various software environments has been confirmed.

An Operative Sequences Network: The Technical Organization at Casa Montero Early Neolithic Flint Mine (Madrid, Spain)

Abstract The purpose of this work is to analyze in which way the technical system of the Early Neolithic flint mine of Casa Montero (5350–5220 cal. BC) was organized to manage different flint-based reduction sequences. The particular features and genesis of Casa Montero’s flint limited the efficiency of one of the main goals of the mine: blade production. As a result, a great amount of the extracted raw material was discarded throughout the process. However, an efficiently planned management allowed its reuse for other purposes. One of the key social activities that took place at the mine was knapping apprenticeship. Younger community members were progressively introduced to this complex technical system, taking part in a many-sided set of tasks and parts of the whole production process, from extraction to recycling and waste management. However, knapping learning, as an operative sequence itself, needs a great amount of raw material. By means of the factorial analysis of the relationships between skill levels and raw material varieties and features of blanks, we can understand the complex organization of this technical system in which some strategies were carried out to avoid competition for raw material and allow motivation of apprentices. The spheres of mining, knapping, and learning coexist harmonically and benefit each other. Younger people of the community participated in mining as a workforce, knapping offers them abundant waste to practice, and learning allows social reproduction.

Distributed Ledger for Cybersecurity: Issues and Challenges in Railways

The railway is a complex technical system of systems in a multi-stakeholder environment. The implementation of digital technologies is essential for achieving operational excellence and addressing stakeholders’ needs and requirements in relation to the railways. Digitalization is highly dependent on an appropriate digital infrastructure provided through proper information logistics, whereas cybersecurity is critical for the overall security and safety of the railway systems. However, it is important to understand the various issues and challenges presented by governance, business, and technical requirements. Hence, this paper is the first link in the chain to explore, understand, and address such requirements. The purpose of this paper is to identify aspects of distributed ledgers and to provide a taxonomy of issues and challenges to develop a secure and resilient data sharing framework for railway stakeholders.

Methodology for managing the flows of target information in the remote sensing space system Part 1. Task formalization

The article is devoted to the formalization of the problem of distribution of target information flows during the operation of the ERS space system. It is proposed to consider the system as a complex, geographically-distributed information system, the main task of which is to implement a full service cycle, starting with the formation of an application and ending with the provision of a finished thematic product. The decomposition of the ERS space system as a complex information organizational and technical system was carried out, the system and consumer characteristics of its elements were determined. The possibility is substantiated to carry out an objective curtailment of system performance indicators and go to two particular ones that characterize the effectiveness of the target functioning of the system as a whole: the promptness (time) of fulfilling consumer requests for a finished thematic product and the cost of the finished thematic product. A general methodological approach to solving the technical problem is proposed. The result is a formal presentation of the task of distributing the streams of target information during the operation of the ERS space system as a sequence of the following operations: formation of an application; determination of the list of requests to the system required to complete the application; determining the processes and the sequence of their execution that will process the corresponding requests; optimization of the time distribution of processes among the elements of the system, taking into account the selected performance indicators and existing limitations.

VARIABILITY MANAGEMENT OF EFFICIENT VEHICLE OPERATION BASED ON FUNCTIONAL RESONANCE ANALYSIS METHOD

Raising of problem. The methodology presented in this study is aimed at modeling the variability of the technical condition when operating a car in a complex social and technical system "car − person − environment". This allows you to simulate the change in the operational properties of the car depending on its operation, affecting the change in the technical condition by the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). Purpose. The variability of the technical operation of the car needs to be managed, and not reduced or eliminated, since this is an advantage, as well as conditions for the safety and functioning of complex socio-technical systems. To control it, you must first monitor the variability of the vehicle's technical operation. A set of relevant indicators needs to be identified and developed. Their interpretation makes it possible to draw conclusions about the level of technical condition, operational properties of the vehicle and traffic safety and supports the prediction of the occurrence of future events (failure occurrence). Conclusion. Thus, the basic principles of the FRAM for modeling the variability of the technical condition when operating a car in a complex social and technical system "car − person − environment" have been determined. The relationship has been established between the definition of traffic safety, the FRAM model and the performance indicators of the vehicle. The developed model of the FRAM for maintenance of the undercarriage of cars, consisting of a set of functions that describe the actions taken to maintain cars to ensure their good condition. A block diagram of the implementation of functionally oriented technologies for the maintenance and repair of cars has been developed, taking into account the design features and the level of technology for technical influences. This allows you to objectively determine the required scope of maintenance work, depending on the results of diagnostics and the availability of technological equipment.

Effectiveness retention ratio and its standardization

Aim. To promote a better understanding, a wider and more correct application of the effectiveness retention ratio. That is the measure that is best suited for assessing the dependability of complex technical systems, in which partial failures are possible that put a system into intermediate states between complete up and down ones. Methods. The paper uses the methods of the probability theory and comparative analysis of texts of interstate (Euro-Asian), Russian and international dependability-related standards. Results. The principal contribution of Russian researchers to the creation and development of methods for applying effectiveness indicators to estimating the dependability of complex systems is pointed out. Shortcomings were identified in the basic dependability-related standards as regards the effectiveness retention ratio and related concepts. Namely, in terminology standard GOST 27.002–2015, the phrases that require improvement are indicated. They relate to the concepts of partial failure, partial up state and partial down state. A broader and more ac[1]curate definition of partial failure is suggested. It is noted that the relationship between partially up and partially down states are to be discussed and clarified. GOST 27.003–2016 that establishes the content and general rules for specifying dependability requirements contains wording errors in the classification of items according to the number of possible (taken into consideration) states and in the examples of possible variants of the effectiveness retention ratio in various branches of technology that are probabilities of task completion, etc. The paper suggests corrections to the appropriate wordings. It has been established that although the effectiveness retention ratio is not referred to in the international dependability-related terminology standard (IEC 60050-192:2015), it implicitly appears in two IEC standards (IEC 61703:2016 and IEC 62673:2013), in which it is assigned to availability measures. Conclusion. The paper’s findings will be useful to experts involved in the assessment and standardization of complex technical system dependability. Their implementation will help improve interstate, Russian and international dependability-related standards.

Methods of improving the power supply reliability of industrial site

Ensuring reliability is one of the most important problems in the creation and operation of any technical system. It is especially relevant for complex systems such as power supply systems. A modern industrial site from the power supply point of view is a complex technical system of hazardous industrial facilities, the technological processes continuity and safety of which directly depends on the power supply reliability. Electricity receivers of the considered industrial site in terms of power supply reliability belong to the second category. The task of ensuring the power supply reliability includes a whole range of technical, economic and organizational measures aimed at reducing damage from disruption of the electricity consumers’ normal operation. In addition, in modern market conditions, the power supply reliability is inextricably linked with the economic performance and industrial enterprises energy security. The paper proposes to modernize the industrial site power supply circuit, using the existing standby diesel power plant, which would automatically provide the industrial site power supply in automatic mode in case of disappearance, decrease, increase in voltage level, phase failure, and the phase sequence violation of the three-phase supply voltage on the busbar sections TP-1, TP-2 site. It is obvious that with the existing power supply scheme of the industrial site, the manual switching sequence, control over the backup diesel power plant operation, the normal power supply scheme restoration, it takes an average of 2.5 hours, which is not desirable, especially in winter. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce at the industrial site production control devices for the reserve automatic transfer, which ensure the power supply restoration to the industrial site in automatic mode.

Methods of diagnostics of electrical equipment by fiber-optic sensors on the Faraday Effect

One of the important problems in the operation and creation of a complex technical system is the provision of diagnostics of electrical equipment. This is especially important when diagnosing electrical equipment at an industrial complex belonging to the class of spark -explosive production facilities. The task of ensuring the operability of electrical equipment and preventing emergency situations due to timely detected breakage or violation of the insulation properties of the equipment includes a whole range of certain measures. In the process of operation, technical diagnostics of electrical equipment occupies a special place among complex technical devices at oil refineries. One of the most modern sensors for diagnosing electrical equipment is multiplicative sensors, which use optical fiber. Fiber-optic sensors have special proper-ties. The Faraday Effect is the basis for the construction of fiber-optic sensors for diagnostics of electrical equipment. Methods for diagnosing electrical equipment with fiber-optic sensors based on the Faraday Effect depend on the principles of the sensors themselves. This article presents the results of the study of the creation of experimental fiberoptic sensors based on the Faraday Effect. In this paper, it is proposed to carry out diagnostics of electrical equipment at an industrial complex belonging to the class of spark - explosive production facilities, such as oil refineries, using the use of fiber-optic sensors based on the Faraday Effect.

Solving a task of coordinated control over a ship automated electric power system under a changing load

This paper reports the synthesis of the main processes for the basic control over a complex technical vessel system. The issue related to the semantics of the description and the method for decomposing management tasks has been proposed to resolve in the context of the synthesis of the program to coordinate control over vessel technical systems and complexes with a sophisticated structure. An example of a five-unit ship’s automated electric power system (SAEPS) for the predefined level of generated power, taking into consideration the efficiency criteria, was used to synthesize the algorithms that execute transitions from one level to another while taking into account the pre-emergency and emergency states of SAEPS. The organization of the sequential process of enabling/disabling generator units (GUs) implies developing a program for managing the coordinator's supervisor as part of a distributed two-level hierarchical structure of SAEPS control when the load changes. The sequence of operations to launch, synchronize, transfer the loading, and stop GU is based on the formation of GU optimal composition, the distribution of loads among GUs running in parallel, and the implementation of the program for optimizing the primary engine of the power plant. The reported principles for constructing GU composition control procedures based on the principle of "rigid and flexible" thresholds have made it possible to build a diagram of adjustment of the time delay in enabling GU dependent on the demanded power. It has been proven that the proposed technique improves the reliability of SAEPS operation as it eliminates possible emergency modes when false control combinations are assigned. Databases on the quantity of GUs, their technical condition, loading, fuel consumption, and environmental parameters have been built. The synthesis of control over a five-unit SAEPS has made it possible to determine the algorithmization procedure based on using an extended data array and simplify the functioning algorithm involved in the operations of choosing the structure for a five-unit SAEPS

Transformative Energy Policy in Federal Systems

Transforming the energy system towards an increasing share of renewables requires a significant change of a policy to redirect the path-dependent evolution of a highly complex technical system. Moreover, a new path of development towards energy provision from renewables has to be stabilized to assure sustainability. The federal systems in Canada and Germany diverge in the institutional conditions relevant for policy change and stability. Canadian federalism separates powers in energy policy and allows the federal and provincial governments to change policies on their own. In contrast, German federalism requires co-operation between federal and Länder governments which favors policy stability but renders significant change unlikely.
 However, energy transformation started in the 1990s in Germany under conditions that allowed the federal government to avoid the usual mode of joint decision-making. In Canada, provincial governments took the lead in energy transformation, when the conservative federal government showed no interest in intergovernmental coordination. The article explains these shifts in power within the institutional framework. It also discusses the consequences, considering the stability of transformative energy policy. In Germany, policy change from the center undermined the stabilizing structures of intergovernmental coordination, in Canada, institutional conditions favoring continuity never existed. Hence in both countries, governments changed policies but failed to reform institutions of governance.

Методологический подход к моделированию межгосударственной электроводородной системы в северо-восточной Азии

The article proposes a methodological approach to the development of the tools for studying the international electro-hydrogen system creation in Northeast Asia. The term carrier was introduced and its definition was given. The resource, economic and technological prerequisites for the development of the unified regional infrastructure to produce, transfer, transform and utilise both electricity and carriers for consumers of energy services are considered. The author points out the need for a comprehensive consideration of technological, economic, social and political factors when developing such a complex technical system, which affects the diverse actors’ interests. In order to create mutual understanding and balance the stakeholders’ interests, the tool to evaluate the efficiency of such a system is necessary. The use of mathematical models is becoming one of the most vital and widespread techniques employed for this purposes. Thereby, the article deals with the structure and the development stages of the regional electrohydrogen model for Northeast Asia. The review of the models that address the issues of hydrogen technologies and renewable energy integration into energy supply systems is given. The main types of the models used to describe such technical and economic systems are identified and it is concluded that the development of the two-level models system is necessary. The production and transport models at the upper (international) level should be the core of the proposed models system. At the lower level (the hydrogen carriers production), the models of optimal resource management are required to determine the composition and parameters of the technological equipment. Step-by-step development of the models system is proposed. The first stage is the simplest scenario where only solar and wind energy is considered as an energy source. At this stage, it is possible to weed out inefficient technologies and identify targeted technologies and mechanisms for multilateral regional cooperation. The second stage should balance the interests of the actors and stakeholders. Here, the traditional renewable energy (biomass, hydro and pumped storage) along with (thermal) and nuclear power generation, as well as other (carbon) hydrogen technologies will become available for consideration. The final, third stage of the research tools development, will require separate accounting of and carbon energy to consider certification mechanisms and energy pricing when building the international hydrogen system in Northeast Asia. In conclusion, the structure of the first stage production and transport model is described. This model will allow estimating the comparative effectiveness of different electric and hydrogen technologies to deliver green energy to the consumers in the Northeast Asian economies.

ПАТЕРН «СТАН» ДЛЯ ВБУДОВАНИХ СИСТЕМ З МОЖЛИВІСТЮ ДИНАМІЧНОГО СТВОРЕННЯ СТАНІВ

Nowadays, embedded systems are technical systems that combine several programming technologies in the software part. A complex technical system of this type can be divided into two basic components, first – the main controller (MC). The second part is designed to control the mechanisms and is an auxiliary real-time controller (ARTC). The urgent task is to provide software connection of the MC software and the software part of the ARTC. This is especially true when the MC plays the role of artificial intelligence and when it may be necessary to add new states during program execution without restarting the ARTC software. The software part of the ARTC can be implemented in the form of a State pattern, which implements a mathematical model of a finite state machine. To connect the software part of the MC and ARTC and dynamically add new states to the ARTC program, the following tasks must be solved: - to develop a software solution of the pattern State for ARTC, which will allow to add states dynamically while working without stopping and rebooting on command from the MC; - test this solution on a practical microcontroller. According to the results of recent researches and publications, we can draw a general conclusion about the lack of a ready-made solution to the problem of adding states to the finite state machine without rebooting. This article is devoted to solving a new promising problem of connecting the software part of the MC with elements of artificial intelligence and ARTC for actuators. There is an unexplored part of the overall problem that needs to be solved in the context of the dynamic addition of new states to the finite state machine of the ARTC program. To solve the tasks, it is necessary to develop and test a prototype of the ARTC program in the form of a State pattern for the microcontroller architecture Cortex-M at the level of system programming, which allows you to add states during program execution dynamically. A prototype of the ARTC program was developed in the form of a finite state machine for the Cortex-M architecture microcontroller at the level of system programming in the form of a software solution of the State pattern, which allows to add states during program execution. The source code was developed and the formal model of the software decision in the form of the graph was constructed. The research was carried out and the work of the program was demonstrated. The proposed software solution allows software connection of the MC software and the software part of the ARTC in complex embedded systems. This is necessary when there may be a need to add new states dynamically during execution of software program without restarting the ARTC. Such a need may arise, for example, when the MC plays the role of artificial intelligence and there is a need to add new states during execution dynamically.

Calculation integral reliability indicator of the urban electric transport traction electrical equipment

When reliability requirements at the stage of developing complex technical systems are setting, the total number of individual and complex reliability indicators set in accordance with regulatory documents is within 5-7 units. This is done provided that they are recoverable, and also for them the requirements for durability and preservation are determined. All this determines the complexity of the procedure for their verification, confirmation and evaluation.
 Aim: Formation of a common (integral) indicator of reliability, which can characterize the basic reliability properties multitude of traction electrical equipment, as a complex technical system, subject to the compliance of individual indicators with the requirements specified in the terms of reference.
 Methods: It is proposed to use of T. Saati's hierarchy analysis method, which is widely used in solving various multicriteria problems.
 Conclusion: Using an integral indicator to determine the level of reliability allows getting a formalized result, expressed through the vectors of global priorities corresponding value, which makes it possible to get a quantitative assessment of the superiority for one of alternative traction electrical equipment.

On the functional safety of a complex technical control system with digital twins

The Aim of this paper is to evaluate the advantages of digital twin technology as compared with the conventional approaches to the design of a vital two-channel system. Methods. The system is described with a Markovian model. This model allows defining the quantitative safety characteristics if the system is affected by right-side failures. Results. The system’s primary quantitative safety indicators were identified as the mean time to wrong-side failure and mean time to right-side failure along with the quantitative relations of the prime and additional costs for a batch of products. Conclusion. Transforming the initial item into a system with digital twins allows significantly reducing the rate of wrong-side failures. This effect may be obtained not only with the use of digital twins, but also as the result of the system transitioning into the state of right-side failure in each event of discrepancy betwin the initial item and/or the digital twins. It has been established that the mean time to right-side failure under such conditions is not less than the mean time to failure of the initial item. That means that highly efficient measures for safety improvement allow maintaining the system dependability at a level not lower than that of the initial item. The introduction of digital twins into a system is a new, not yet tested way of ensuring system safety. The decision on the benefits of additional costs is taken by the customer and system developer together. At the same time, it must be taken into consideration that in case of large batches of manufactured technical systems, the effect of additional costs is reduced and the effect of significantly improved safety is maintained.

Methodological approach to the system assessment of the safety of complex technical systems

An approach to the system assessment of the danger and safety of complex technical systems is considered. It is assumed that security is not a property similar to the definition of reliability. Safety is the state of a system when it is present or functioning in a certain environment, in which there are no negative impacts on composite objects within this system or on other objects located in this environment. A methodological approach to the qualitative and quantitative determination of danger and safety, as well as the risks of dangerous situations, is presented. The potential loss function depending on the vector of all phase coordinates of the complex technical system (CTS) is considered. In the general case, a potential loss function is presented that depends on the vector of all the phase coordinates of the CTS, and not only its spatial position. The criteria defining dangerous (or unacceptable) states of the system should be dynamic in the sense that they should depend on the stage of the system functioning. The approach to assessing the safety of the system operation consists in identifying a set of unacceptable values of the vector of system parameters and the vector of unacceptable phase coordinates. The approach to the assessment of the safety of the functioning of the STS according to the requirements of ensuring the required level of operational efficiency is considered. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the system, taking into account the safety conditions, is determined. The identification of the set of acceptable values of the vector of CTS parameters by the criterion of efficiency for the intended purpose is carried out. The indicator of the effectiveness of the functioning of the CTS is determined, taking into account the requirements for safety and aggressive influences from the external environment.

Technique for ensuring safety of transportation vehicles through the analysis of their structural reliability

The article is devoted to the development of a technique for the assessment of the influence of the structural reliability of transportation vehicles on their safety. This technique includes: an analysis of the automotive vehicle as a complex technical system, its structural elements greatly influencing road safety (RS); calculation of mean-time-between-failures and time for recovery of subsystems, assemblies and parts, probability of failure-free operation. As a result of the technique application, recommendations as to intervals of the replacement of automotive vehicle’s elements depending on the required probability of failure-free operation are released.

Ecological and economic aspects of optimizing the creation and functioning of drainage systems in accordance with modern requirements

Land reclamation is important in the development of agricultural production for unfavorable climatic conditions. This necessitates the improvement of scientific and methodological approaches to the creation and operation of water management and reclamation facilities, including drainage systems, which are adapted to these changes. Approaches to the type and design of drainage systems based on a combination of a modern progressive optimization approach with the traditional water balance method, hydrodynamic and hydraulic methods are presented. Approaches to the systemic optimization of technological and design solutions for the creation and operation of drainage systems have been determined. It seems that the drainage system is a complex natural and technical ecological and economic system. Finding the general optimum in such a system based on the system optimization consists in substantiating local optima for all its main components of heterogeneous elements in the system effect - mode - technology - design in their interconnection. The practical implementation of a complex of predictive-simulation and optimization calculations in projects for new construction, reconstruction and modernization of drainage systems based on the developed scientific, methodological, information and software can be carried out using the appropriate toolkit, which is CAD and modern BIM technologies. The transition to optimization methods will improve the feasibility and overall technical, technological, environmental and economic efficiency of the creation and operation of water management and reclamation facilities in accordance with modern requirements.