Complex Technical Process Research Articles

Reliability Testing of Wind Power Plant Devices with the Use of an Intelligent Diagnostic System

This paper introduces the issue of reliability simulation studies of wind farm equipment in the process of an operation. By the improvement, retrofitting and insertion of new (optimal) solutions to change the quality and terms of the use of wind farm equipment, an evaluation of their impact on reliability under real conditions can be carried out over a long period of time. Over a brief period, testing the reliability of a technical facility is only possible in a simulation. The aspect of evaluating the reliability of wind farm equipment after the application of intelligent systems, including the Wind Power Plant Expert System (WPPES), can be tested in the manner of a simulation. It was accepted in this article that the operation of the wind farm equipment is detailed based on Markov processes. The results of such research activities are the development of reliable and appropriate strategies and an exploitation policy of PE facilities. The above-mentioned issues in such a comprehensive approach have not been fully presented in the literature. The process of exploitation of complex technical objects such as PE devices is a complex random technical and technological process.

Domain analysis as an approach to the classification of cinematographic documents

Information Science and Archival Studies do not yet have a relevant theoretical production on the classification and organization of documentation originating from cinematographic production. This exploratory research aims to understand how domain analysis can assist knowledge organization applied to cinematographic documentation in the archival context. One of the main problems concerns the documents generated during cinematographic production not being custodied together with the movie, which is the main product of a complex artistic, technical, and administrative process. A constructivist perspective is adopted, in which the domain of cinema is explored concerning its language. The aim is to understand the domain that influences the materialisation of information, thus producing records of a diverse range of genres, from audio-visual to textual. The concept of domain analysis and its relationship with archival studies is explored, including the benefits of provenance as a domain analysis approach to the classification of cinematographic documentation. The importance of cultural and social context is revealed to link the different dimensions of cinematographic production, which allows knowledge to be built from its information.

Intravenous Delivery of RNA Encoding Anti-PD-1 Human Monoclonal Antibody for Treating Intestinal Cancer.

Recently, antibody-based therapeutic agents are becoming most leading biologics for treating many diseases, especially for cancer. However, large-scale application of antibody drugs is still hampered by high cost and complex technical process. Endogenous expression of proteins or antibodies can be achieved by applying in vitro transcription (IVT) technique to produce mRNA and then deliver into body, which supplies opportunity to avoid many disadvantages in antibody production as well as clinical applications. Here, we designed the IVT-mRNA encoding the Pembrolizumab, as a commercial anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The in vitro functional properties and in vivo antitumor activities of the Pembrolizumab expressed from mRNA were both assessed. Maximized expression level of the Pembrolizumab from IVT-mRNA was achieved via optimizing the usage of signal peptide and molar ratio of heavy/light chain. Then the mRNA was further formulated by lipid nanoparticle (LNP), which enable efficient in vivo delivery and protect mRNA from degradation. Intravenously delivered the single dose of mRNA-LNPs in mice resulted in duration of serum Pembrolizumab level over 25 μg/mL more than 35 days. Pharmacokinetic study exhibited significantly enhanced drug exposure of mRNA-encoded mAbs compared with direct injection of Pembrolizumab at same dose. Chronic treatment of the tumor-bearing mice with LNP-encapsulated Pembrolizumab mRNA effectively downregulated the growth of intestinal tumors and improved the animal survival. In brief, our present research demonstrated that the application of LNP-encapsulated IVT-mRNA can change the human body into a protein drug manufacturing site to express full-size mAbs for treating cancer and hold potential to be a novel alternative to protein-based therapies.

Engineered mRNA-expressed bispecific antibody prevent intestinal cancer via lipid nanoparticle delivery

ABSTRACT The potential of antibodies, especially for the bispecific antibodies, are limited by high cost and complex technical process of development and manufacturing. A cost-effective and rapid platform for the endogenous antibodies expression via using the in vitro transcription (IVT) technique to produce nucleoside-modified mRNA and then encapsulated into lipid nanoparticle (LNP) may turn the body to a manufactory. Coinhibitory pathway of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein 1 receptor (PD-1) could suppress the T-cell mediated immunity. We hypothesized that the coblocking of PD-L1 and PD-1 via bispecific antibodies may achieve more potential antitumor efficacies compare with the monospecific ones. Here, we described the application of mRNA to encode a bispecific antibody with ablated Fc immune effector functions that targets both human PD-L1 and PD-1, termed XA-1, which was further assessed the in vitro functional activities and in vivo antitumor efficacies. The in vitro mRNA-encoded XA-1 held comparable abilities to fully block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway as well as to enhance functional T cell activation compared to XA-1 protein from CHO cell source. Pharmacokinetic tests showed enhanced area under curve (AUC) of mRNA-encoded XA-1 compared with XA-1 at same dose. Chronic treatment of LNP-encapsulated XA-1 mRNA in the mouse tumor models which were reconstituted with human immune cells effectively induced promising antitumor efficacies compared to XA-1 protein. Current results collectively demonstrated that LNP-encapsulated mRNA represents the viable delivery platform for treating cancer and hold potential to be applied in the treatment of many diseases. Abbreviations: IVT: in vitro transcription; LNP: lipid nanoparticle; hPD-1: human PD-1; hPD-L1: human PD-L1; ITS-G: Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium; Pen/Strep: penicillin-streptomycin; FBS: fetal bovine serum; TGI: tumor growth inhibition; IE1: cytomegalovirus immediate early 1; SP: signal peptide; hIgLC: human immunoglobulin kappa light chain; hIgHC: human IgG1 heavy chain; AUC: area under the curve; Cl: serum clearance; Vss: steady-state distributed volume; MLR: mixed lymphocyte reaction.

Mining Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The problem of processing sands from polymineral placer deposits of the Far Eastern region is a complex technical and technological process. The predominance of high-clay placers with high content of valuable components of small and thin fractions is noted. At the same time the content of fine gold fractions smaller than 0.5 mm reach more than 90 % at some sites with the predominance of fractions smaller than 0.3 mm. The necessity to improve the technologies and technical facilities for processing placer high-clay sands with a high content of fine and nanoscale particles of valuable components is substantiated. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to substantiate approaches to the construction of a phenomenological model for processing of placer high-clay sands by gravitational methods to ensure safety of crystals and reduce the loss of valuable components with reduced energy intensity. On the basis of the proposed exponential dependence of variation of specific interfacial surface of mineral particles on system thermodynamic potential, it has been found out that interdependence of hydraulic fluid efflux and flow rates plays a decisive role in microdesintegration of mineral particles under conditions of turbulization initiated by the jet falling on the flat surface of the cavitation reactor. The calculations performed allowed to estimate the growth of the specific interfacial surface of particles in the intervals of 1.8–3.3 times depending on regulation of hydraulic fluid flow rate, its density and initiation time. Presented mathematical dependencies will allow to control the process when testing cavitation reactor, assess installation quality and operation nature, as well as adjust the design and introduce necessary changes. We propose a general processing scheme for placers with the use of a number of innovative installations of a new type including those based on the combination of turbulence and cavitation at low energy intensity. The impact of hydrodynamic effects initiated by turbulent effects and cavitation on hydraulic fluid of high-clay sands is able to ensure reliable microdesintegration-dispersion and provide a significant reduction in technological losses of valuable components. The study results obtained can be used for further development of theoretical approaches to the description of cavitation processes modeled in proposed installations.

Ways to Improve the Regulation of Projects of the “Megascience” Class

The creation of unique scientific facilities of the “Megascience” class is a very complex and lengthy organizational and technical process, for the implementation of which the resources of several states are usually involved. In connection with the participation in the creation and implementation of a scientific project of the “Megascience” class of several states, it becomes necessary to distribute the rights, duties, costs and powers of project management among the participants. Currently, the Russian Federation lacks a sufficient level of legal regulation of projects of the “Megascience” class. Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign experience in the implementation of scientific projects of the “Megascience” class, the article presents proposals for improving the legal regulation of these projects being implemented on the territory of the Russian Federation. The article also discusses the specific problems that one has to face when implementing projects of the “Megascience” class in Russia, and the ways to solve them. In addition, the authors’ definitions of such key terms as “Megascience” class project, “unique scientific facility of the “Megascience class” and “scientific collaboration,” which are absent in the current legislation, are proposed. This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 18-29-15036mk “Models for legal regulation of unique scientific facilities of ‘Megascience’ class at the national and international levels in the context of technological development of the Russian Federation”).

Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood obstructive sleep apnea (2020).

Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood obstructive sleep apnea (2020).

Ампутации нижних конечностей и протезирование

Currently, the number of patients with high-energy injuries of large segments of the skeleton is increasing due to road traumas and catаtraumas. The number of patients with vascular pathology and endocrine system disorders is also increasing, which leads to a sharp increase in the number of patients who underwent limb amputation. The patients who underwent limb amputations present a significant medical and social problem. Stump malformations due to violations of surgical technique during reconstructive operations often complicate prosthetic fitting and the social adaptation of patients in this group. Limb prosthetics is a complex orthopedic, technical, biomechanical and general medical process, which results in medical and social rehabilitation. The functional results depend on the timing of prosthetics manufacturing. An important condition for safe walking is the preparation of a disabled person from the first days after amputation. An important role in the patient’s rehabilitation is played by the school of walking, the purpose of which is to form the correct stereotype of walking, to teach walking on the prosthesis on various surfaces and to master actions in emergency situations.

Limb amputations and prosthetics

Currently, the number of patients with high-energy injuries of large segments of the skeleton due to road traffic and catotrauma is increasing. The number of patients with vascular pathology and disorders of the endocrine system is also increasing, which leads to a sharp increase in the population of patients who underwent limb amputation. Patients who underwent limb amputations present a significant medical and social problem. Stump malformations formed due to violations of surgical technique during reconstructive operations often complicate prosthetic fitting and the social adaptation of patients in this group. The possibilities of external prosthetics manufacturing are currently booming. Limb prosthetics manufacturing is a complex orthopedic, technical, biomechanical and general medical process, which results in medical and social rehabilitation. Functional results depend on the timing of prosthetics manufacturing. An important condition for safe walking is the preparation of a disabled person from the first days after amputation. An important role in the patient's rehabilitation is played by the school of walking, the purpose of which is to form the correct stereotype of walking, to learn how to walk on the prosthesis on various surfaces and to master actions in emergency situations.

Experiences among firefighters and police officers of responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a dual dispatch programme in Sweden: an interview study

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to explore firefighters’ and police officers’ experiences of responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in a dual dispatch programme.DesignA qualitative interview study with semi-structured,...

Product maturity of EEE components for aerospace applications

In the engineering and management of aerospace systems, identifying, prioritizing, and ranking components with respect to their importance is the key to understanding the importance of any one component to another and is notable for tradeoffs among cost, schedule, and performance parameters. In addition, electrical, electronic, and electromechanical (EEE) components for aerospace applications, like aerospace equipment products, are required to have the characteristics of high reliability, high quality, and small samples. From the experience of aerospace component development for decades, aerospace EEE components from the research and development (R&D) project approval to the successful application of aerospace products need to undergo a more complex technical guarantee and management control process. So far, there is no effective method for evaluating the disparity between EEE component maturity levels and space application requirements. However, from the product lifecycle management (PLM) point of view [1], a maturity evaluation method is very needed for aerospace EEE components.

The spectre of death in Don DeLillo’s Zero K

This paper offers a basic overview of the transhumanist movement, particularly its approach to ageing. The transhumanist philosophy of ageing strives both towards prolonging the human life and removing the ill effects of ageing. Special emphasis will be put on cryopreservation, which is a currently relevant and functional, albeit controversial, method of suspending death. A group of traditional issues regarding cryonic technology, such as its biological feasibility, will be evaluated. Following the detailed theoretical investigation, Don DeLillo’s Zero K will be analyzed based on the philosophical background of the transhumanist movement, the evaluation of the desirability of cryonic technology, and its rendering of ageing and death. Zero K subtly brings to attention the economic background of this complex technical process, which is often a blind spot in discussions regarding the positive and negative aspects of cryonics. Transhumanism espouses the wide availability of human enhancement methods, but Zero K draws attention to wealth as the demarcation line between those who can choose to enjoy the benefits of technology and those who remain excluded regardless of their choice. In this context, Zero K confronts the potential of cryopreservation with reality and draws attention to points of tension within the transhumanist approach to ageing.

Determining the Optimal Conditions for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of a Mixture of Tian Shan Coal and a Wide Fraction of Heavy Oil Residues with an End-Boiling Point of 300°C

The shortage of natural resources in the power industry, combined with their increasing usage, price, and negative impact on the environment necessitate the search for new techniques of producing liquid fuel. One such possibility is the production of fuel and chemical products from coal via hydrogenation. The transformation of coal into liquid fuel is a complex technical process that requires saturating the initial substance with oxygen. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the optimal conditions for the catalytic hydrogenation of a mixture of coal, primary coal tar (PCT) and heavy oil residues with an end-boiling point of 300°C. The results show the optimal conditions for producing liquid fuel. The proposed technique allows achieving a complete homogenization of all components and producing a highly stable coal paste. This technique also allows significantly reducing the negative impact on the environment.

توظيف التراث في أدب الطفل في الجزائر:, أساطير من بلاد البربر لتراي محمد فخر الدين أنموذجا

Heritage Is The Repository Of The Nation's Thought, Its Culture And Literature, As Well As The Link Between Its Generations. Recently, Heritage Has Emerged As A Problematic Issue In Various Fields, In Various Fields Of Knowledge, And The Issue Of Discussion Is Being Deliberated In Many Ways, Including The Artistic Aspect Of How To Use The Heritage In Its Artistic Appearance, As An Effective Tool In The Debate Of Modern Ideas And Modern Topics, And It Becomes More Important, Accurate And Sensitive When It Comes To The Use Of Heritage In The Literature Of The Child Because It Is A Complex Educational And Technical Process. Keywords Heritage , Child Literature , Algeria , Myths , Berber

A Diachronic View on Fulling Technology in the Mediterranean and the Ancient Near East: Tools, Raw Materials and Natural Resources for the Finishing of Textiles

Among the operations required in the overall cycle of the ancient production of textiles, Greek and Roman sources refer to the fulling of woollen fabrics as the most complex and expensive technical process performed both in the 1st millennium BC and the 1st millennium AD. Indeed, the finishing of woollen clothes needed a large amount of time, energy and labour, as well as involving the use of specialized skills and costly raw materials. Fulling fulfilled two functions that were necessary for the proper finishing of cloth, namely the scouring and consolidation of the fibres in the fabric. Woven cloth straight from the loom has a rather open, loose texture and the woven threads needed closing or tightening. The fulling process was intended to consolidate and thicken the structure of the fabric by matting the fibres together more thoroughly and by shrinking them. Thus the process transformed the cloth from a loose ‘net’ of threads into a compact, tight, textural whole. This is why in ancient economies, fulled textiles, proof against water and the wear inflicted by weather and time, were considered among the most luxurious and prestigious of fabrics.

Systems-Based Approach to Preparedness for, Response to, and Recovery from Natural and Human-Made Disasters

AbstractThis article posits that the complex technical, organizational, and communication process associated with preparedness for, response to, and recovery from natural and human-made disasters is harmonious and synonymous with the process of risk assessment, management, and communication. Modelers of these processes must recognize that the states of the system, whether of the affected infrastructures or of the communities, constitute essential building blocks of the constructed models. The physical states of all infrastructures and the states of well-being of all communities are functions of time; thus, the time frame in modeling, as well as in preparedness and in risk analysis, is of paramount importance. Furthermore, the vulnerability and resilience of a system (physical or natural) to a specific threat (initiating event) are manifestations of the states of the system. This implies that the risk to a targeted system from a specific threat is a function of the states, the vulnerability, the resilience...

Radiotherapy quality insurance by individualized in vivo dosimetry: State of the art

The quality insurance in radiotherapy in the frame of highly complex technical process as Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) needs independent control of the delivered dose to the patient. Actually, up to now, most of the radiotherapy treatments rely only on computed dosimetry through a rather complicated series of linked simulation tool. This dosimetry approach requires also qualified treatment means based on cautious quality insurance procedures. However, erroneous parameters could be difficult to detect and systematical errors could happen leading to radiotherapy accidents. In this context, in vivo dosimetry has a critical role of final control of the delivered dose. As many beam incidences and ports are used for any photontherapy treatment, external control could be very tedious and time consuming. Therefore, innovations are needed for in vivo dosimetry to provide ergonomic and efficient tools for these controls. This paper presents a review of technologies and products that can be used for in vivo dosimetry. It proposes also a reflection on the concepts to develop future devices suitable for this purpose. The technical means with their physical principles are reviewed, the clinical experiences demonstrating the feasibility of new techniques are then summarized and finally, the early clinical use and its impact on clinical practice is review.

Analytical study of the behaviour of some ingredients used in lustre ceramic decorations following different recipes

Ceramic lustre is a fine decoration obtained by a complex technical process. Although the general production technique is more or less known, it is much more difficult to specify the ingredients mixed in the ancient recipes used to produce lustre and their function during the process, especially components as mercury sulphide and iron oxide. To understand this point, mixtures of the components were previously characterised and tested to see which mixtures resulted in the desired lustre. Synchrotron-Radiation-Source X-ray Diffraction (SRS–XRD) of the fired mixtures was performed to check the changes produced in the ingredients. Also Voltammetry of immobilised Microparticles was applied to the raw pigment powders to obtain information about the redox behaviour. Square-wave voltammetry demonstrates the possibility of different deposits that can be formed in the first steps of the reduction process in the pigment mixture for lustre production, especially those related to solid-form reactions and pigment-electrolyte interactions. Moreover, SR–XRD shows the formation of different crystalline phases at the end of the process, in this case probably also related to gas–solid interactions and to a strong reduction atmosphere.

A Market of Opinions: The Political Epistemology of Focus Groups

A Market of Opinions: The Political Epistemology of Focus Groups

A methodology for analysis of complex sociotechnical processes

This article presents the design and application of a Modified Sociotechnical Systems (MoSTS) methodology for holistic analysis of complex technical processes. Successes and failures of process redesign initiatives have demonstrated the strong influence of human elements on outcomes. (Sociotechnical Systems) STS provides a foundation for structured analysis and redesign of complex processes which emphasizes human aspects in process redesign. The MoSTS methodology is developed from STS research and practice and applied to analyze a complex technical process in the research and development sector. MoSTS is shown to be an effective methodology to facilitate analysis for process redesign, particularly where human influences may have a significant impact on success. The article concludes with limitations and implications for process analysis based on the MoSTS methodology application.