Development Of Complex Systems Research Articles

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РІВНЯ БЮДЖЕТНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ОРГАНІВ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ

Ensuring the state of budget security of local governments is impossible without an objective system of evaluation. The article is devoted to the generalization of the theoretical foundations of the system of assessing the level of budget security of local governments (authorities) and providing recommendations on how to implement it. The author performed a critical analysis of existing methods of assessing budget security at different levels of the national economy: the vast majority of scientific papers are devoted to assessing budget security at the state level, which corresponds to the macro level of the economy; search and development of separate indicators and complex systems of budget security assessment at the meso level, which corresponds to the level of the regional economy, have not become widespread in domestic scientific circles; the proposed indicators for assessing the budget security of local governments are insufficiently diversified. Attempts to build a comprehensive system for assessing the budget security of local governments did not take into account the fact of hierarchical dependence of the level of budget security of a particular local government from the budget security of wider facilities. The basic principles of building a system for assessing the budget security of local governments (authorities), which allows to ensure the objectivity of its results. The author proposed an algorithm for assessing the budget security of local governments in three stages, based on the hierarchical principle: assessment of the level of budget security of the state; assessment of the level of budget security of all local governments; assessment of the level of budget security of a specific local government body. Not every relative indicator that characterizes budget relations can be an indicator of budget security. The author proved that for an objective assessment of budget security at the local level it is necessary to take into account not only the indicators of completeness of budget indicators and efficiency of use of budget funds, but also the timeliness of all stages of the budget process.

ОБЗОР МЕТОДОЛОГИЙ ПЕРЕХОДА ОТ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ К РЕШЕНИЯМ В СИСТЕМНОЙ ИНЖЕНЕРИИ

The creation of rules for transitions between design stages: the goals of the consumer of the system, system requirements, technical solutions and consumer properties of systems, remains one of the most important aspects of the development of complex systems. The article discusses the INCOSE decisions on the topic and justifies the need to introduce regularity in connection between the design stages in order to validate and validate each action. To simplify the transitions between the stages, three methodologies are compared with each other: the unified modeling language UML, the ontological language OntoUML and the modeling methodology IDEF0, the article also explains why it is suggested to apply the IDEF0 notation together with the Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering approach, which allows compensating for some of the shortcomings of that notation

Digital Twin for Services (DT4S): Conceptual Strategy

While the Digital Twin is now well discussed in manufacturing, the research considering the Digital Twin of services engineering is still in its early stage. The Digital Twin is very focused on the manufacturing operations with gathering data from physical means and information technology. Yet, services are now features and core concerns of complex systems development. However, it is not much focused on services and above all workflow orchestration to deliver these services to user whether it is an internal operator, or a customer. The engineering of Digital Twin services is a complicated phase because of the complexity of interactions and heterogeneous nature of services. The simultaneous use of models and data (e.g., Model Based System Engineering (MBSE)) should be considered for service-oriented engineering projects of complex system (large system, heterogeneous components, autonomous, etc.). Based on this postulate, the contribution of this paper is about Digital Twin and MBSE for Servitization industry. In detail, the paper proposes a recall of information systems for enterprises, workflow and servitization. Then it draws some perspectives about the interest of Digital Twin approach based on models for product service systems. It discusses the relation between service twin and ground data and the link to decision level.

Estudio de simuladores dinámicos con ADAMS y Matlab/Simulink para sistemas de control

ADAMS-MATLAB co-simulation is widely used in complex system development to control models of closed-loop mechanisms. An advantage of ADAMS is to facilitate the configuration of parameters such as friction. However, its mathematical friction model is unknown. There are alternatives such as Simscape Multibody that facilitate the configuration of any friction model. This paper presents a case study of dynamic simulation using the mathematical model of a mechanism in order to compare it with ADAMS and Simscape Multibody. The state-space model uses the parameters b and fc – viscous and Coulomb friction coefficients. However, ADAMS uses only one dynamic friction parameter µ. Since both friction parameters do not appear in ADAMS, a parametric identification procedure was used to determine the equivalency between the friction coefficients b and fc compared to µ. To identify the friction model of ADAMS, open-loop and closed-loop simulations were proposed. To compare the simulation results numerically, the L2 norm was used. The reference was the model solved with the ODE45 function.

Digital Collaborators for Complex Systems Development: A Research Agenda

Digital Collaborators for Complex Systems Development: A Research Agenda

Digital collaborators for complex systems development: a research agenda

Increasingly complex systems exist in dynamic environments where the system needs to evolve in ways that are faster than it is possible to identify, much less comprehend, through human observation alone. To build such complex systems, system engineering teams should be augmented with real-time digital collaborators, not only in the design process, but in the management of the system itself. These digital collaborators will likely aid engineering managers by providing risk-based alternatives, identifying hidden risks, and exposing hidden patterns in the human behaviour of stakeholders. However, there are fundamental research questions that must be addressed for industry to employ digital collaborators. Resolving these questions can enable the evolution of today's current development paradigms to a future where Artificial Intelligence and humans seamlessly work as partners in developing new systems. These questions are codified into a research agenda to aid academia and industry in prioritising initiatives that can help accelerate advancement of digital collaborators in the engineering of systems.

Code Generation Approach Supporting Complex System Modeling based on Graph Pattern Matching

Code generation is an effective way to drive the complex system development in model-based systems engineering. Currently, different code generators are developed for different modeling languages to deal with the development of systems with multi-domain. There are a lack of unified code generation approaches for multi-domain heterogeneous models. In addition, existing methods lack the ability to flexibly query and transform complex model structures to the target code, resulting in poor transformation efficiency. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a unified approach which supports the code generation of heterogeneous models with complex model structure. First, The KARMA language based on GOPPRR-E meta-modeling approach is used for the unified formalism of models built by different modeling languages. Second, the code generation approach based on graph pattern matching is proposed to realize the query and transformation of complex model structures. Then, the syntax for code generation is integrated into KARMA and a compiler for code generation is developed. Finally, a case of unmanned vehicle system is taken to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Vibration Suppression of a Fast Filament Fabrication 3d Printer via Resonance Compensation

Abstract: Additive manufacturing systems especially 3d printers are made by rigid links which provide sufficient stiffness to give motion to 3d printing head system which are moving at very high speed &acceleration. It has been found out that high-speed manipulators generate vibration problem and 3dprinting head is one of them which encounter significant vibration at high speed and acceleration. Therefore, evolution in mathematical control system is necessary for effective vibration suppression and to allow fast motion of 3d printing head at high speed and acceleration. In this paper we develop experiment where we measure the resonance frequency of our bed swinging 3d printer and with graph we optimized it with mathematical system which allows printer to run 140% faster speed and over 600% higher acceleration with same quality and precision. Keyword: 1. Additive Manufacturing, 2. Complex system development, 3. Mechatronics, 4. Robotics, 5. Physics. 6. Advanced engineering mathematics 7. High speed manipulators.

Multi-Criteria Optimization in the Design of High-Load Systems

The current stage of development of science and technology is characterized by a significant complication of the tasks. The development of the economy to produce a situation where the development, implementation and operation of complex technical and socio-technical systems have to be in conditions of fierce competition. This is necessary to reduce the time of development and implementation of new technologies, especially in high-load systems. Highly loaded systems are, by and large, the same websites, only with a very large audience, and as a consequence with a large load, which requires an optimized server part of the site. A qualitative characteristic for a highly loaded system is the bandwidth of this system, it describes the amount of work that must be able to perform the system per unit time. The development of highly loaded systems is time consuming and poorly formalized. Since the production of high-load systems is one of the most dynamically developing areas in the field of information technology, which is demonstrated by a significant annual increase in volumes. In the practical task of decision-making, there is often a situation where you cannot limit yourself to considering a single criterion for choosing a decision. An attempt at mathematical formalization of such problems has led to the creation of the Theory of Multicriteria Optimization, which is used in the development of methods, intended for support of decision makers, in the presence of several criteria. The steps for construction of algorithm of multicriteria optimization in designing of highly loaded systems, carries out search of solutions of a maximum in a multicriteria problem are resulted. The algorithm was based on the descent method in Simplex problems. Simplex method - an algorithm for solving the optimization problem of linear programming by searching the vertices of a convex polyhedron in multidimensional space. Multicriteria optimization is based on finding solutions in problems with a large number of options. Now the type of tasks is very resource-intensive and is calculated using computers. Keywords: high-load data systems, high-load computing system.

Praktyczne modelowanie zagrożeń dla systemów teleinformatycznych z wykorzystaniem modelu STRIDE

This article describes a practical approach to the issue which is currently an integral part of the development of modern advanced and complex information systems – ICT threat modelling. The article presents the practical validity and process of threat modelling and then describes one of the most popular methods of threat identification and analysis – the so-called STRIDE model.

State-of-the-Art Development of Complex Systems and Their Simulation Methods

The research on complex systems is different from that on general systems because the former must consider self-organization, emergence, uncertainty, predetermination, and evolution. As an important method to transform the world, a simulation is one of the most important skills to discover complex systems. In this study, we provide a survey on complex systems and their simulation methods. Initially, the development history of complex system research is summarized from two main lines. Then, the eight common characteristics of the most complex systems are presented. Furthermore, the simulation methods of complex systems are introduced in detail from four aspects, namely, meta-synthesis methods, complex networks, intelligent technologies, and other methods. From the overall point of view, intelligent technologies are the driving force, and complex networks are the advanced structure. Meta-synthesis methods are the integration strategy, and other methods are the supplements. In addition, we show three complex system simulation examples: digital reactor simulation, simulation of a logistics system in the industrial site, and crowd evacuation simulation. The examples show that a simulation is a useful means and an important method in complex system research. Finally, the future development prospects for complex systems and their simulation methods are suggested.

Cooperative Evolution of China’s Excellent Innovative Research Groups from the Perspective of Innovation Ecosystem: Taking an “Environmental Biogeochemistry” Research Innovation Group as a Case Study

Research, understanding, and prediction of complex systems is an important starting point for human beings to tackle major problems and emergencies such as global warming and COVID-19. Research on innovation ecosystem is an important part of research on complex systems. With the rapid development of sophisticated industries, the rise of innovative countries, and the newly developed innovation theory, innovation ecosystem has become a new explanation and new paradigm for adapting to today’s global innovation cooperation network and the scientific development of complex systems, which is also in line with China’s concept of building an innovative country and promoting comprehensive innovation and international cooperation with scientific and technological innovation as the core. The Innovative Research Group at Peking University is the most representative scientific and technological innovation team in the frontier field of basic research in China. The characteristics of its organization mechanism and dynamic evolution connotation are consistent with the characteristics and evolution of innovation ecosystem. An excellent innovative research group is regarded as a small innovation ecosystem. We selected the “Environmental Biogeochemistry” Innovation Research Group at Peking University as a typical case in order to understand and analyze the evolution of cooperation among scientific and technological innovation teams, improve the healthy development as well as internal and external governance of this special small innovation ecosystem, promote the expansion of an innovation team cooperation network and the improvement of cooperation quality, promote the linkage supports of funding and management departments, and improve their scientific and technological governance abilities. Through scientometrics, visual analysis of knowledge maps, and an exploratory case study, we study the evolution process and development law of team cooperation. It is found that the main node authors of the cooperation network maintain strong cooperation frequency and centrality, and gradually strengthen with the expansion of the cooperation network and the evolution of time. Driven by the internal cooperative governance of the team and the external governance of the funding and management departments, this group has gradually formed a healthy, orderly, open, and cooperative special innovation ecosystem, which is conducive to the stability and sustainable development of the national innovation ecosystem and the global innovation ecosystem.

A methodology to improve simulation of multibody systems using estimation techniques

ABSTRACT This paper presents a methodology for state estimation and accuracy improvement of computer simulations of computer aided engineering (CAE) models based on prediction and correction state estimation techniques and sensing. The aim is to simulate the dynamic behaviour of a real system, which can be sensed, and obtain values of states that are not measurable due to economic or technical limitations. This methodology can be applied to both optimization of design processes and on-line control of complex systems. State estimation techniques are currently used only on mathematical models, where the relationships among system variables are expressed by means of mathematical language, making state observer implementation possible but leading to limitations in system modelling and knowledge. Favoured over mathematical models, multibody CAE models (created by means of computer-aided engineering software) have become the essential tool for complex system development, simulation, analysis, optimization and control, such as multibody systems; one of their main advantages is the ease and flexibility in creating and modifying them, allowing the faithful modelling of complex systems.

Interaction between the Standard and the Measurement Instrument during the Flow Velocity Sensor Calibration Process

The complex ventilation system development process is associated with the stages of modelling, design, execution, and testing. Each of these steps requires the use of measuring equipment that is capable of determining the basic parameters of the flow. In the process of calibrating instruments for measuring flow velocity, one of the limitations is the size of the calibrated devices positioned in the test section of the wind tunnel. This is related to the change in the flow condition within the vicinity of the calibrated anemometers, which is caused by the blockage effect. Instruments with significant dimensions in relation to the cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel test section may have an impact on the reference velocity as indicated by the standard. In such cases, the calibration results may be affected by additional systematic error. This article presents a study of this effect using a real case of a calibration laboratory and commonly used sensors. The influence of different types of air velocity sensors on velocity profiles in the measurement standard area is also investigated. Additionally, the area of the blockage effect is described. The obtained results indicate the possibility of a proper placement for the measuring standard due to minimization of the flow-blocking effect.

Intelligent Control System Architecture for Phosphorus Production from Apatite-Nepheline Ore Waste

This paper proposes multilevel architecture for an intelligent control system for the complex chemical energy technological process of yellow phosphorus production from apatite-nepheline ore processing waste. The research revealed that, when controlling this process, one has to deal with large amounts of multiformat and polymodal information, and control goals differ at different levels not only in effectiveness criteria, but also in the structuredness of the level problems. On this basis, it is proposed that intelligent methods be used for the implementation of information processes and control goals at individual levels and the whole system. The artificial intelligence methods underlying the informational model of a control system offer solutions to problems of analyzing control processes at different hierarchy levels, namely the initial level of sensing devices, the levels of programmable logic controllers, dispatching of control and production processes, enterprise management and strategic planning. Besides, the intelligent control system architecture includes analytical and simulation models of processes occurring in the multistage procedure of ore waste processing by a plant consisting of a granulating machine, a conveyor-type multichambercalcining machine, and an ore thermal furnace. The architecture of information support for the control system comprises a knowledge-based inference block intended for implementing the self-refinement of neural network and simulation models. Fuzzy logic methods are proposed for constructing this block. The paper considers the deployment of control algorithms for a phosphorus production system using the Matlab software environment on the basis of a modern complex system development paradigm known as the model-oriented design concept.

Application of Ant Colony Optimization for the Shortest Path Problem of Waste Collection Process

The search for the shortest path of the waste collection process is an interesting topic that can be applied to various cases, from a very practical basic problem to a complex automation system development. In a dense settlement, the waste collection system can be a challenging process, especially to determine the most optimized path. The obstacles can be circling streets, impassable roads, and dead-end roads. A wrong choice of method can result in wasteful consumption of energy. A possible method to solve the problem is the traveling salesman problem using ant colony search optimization, considering its relatively fast optimization process. Therefore, this paper proposes an application of ant colony and traveling salesperson problem in determining the shortest path of the waste collection process. The case study for the optimization algorithm application is the path UGM Sekip Lecturer Housing is considering. Firstly, the data was collected by measuring the distance between points. Then, the paths were modeled and then compared with the actual route used by waste transport vehicles. The last step is implementing the ant colony optimization and traveling salesman problem by determining the cost function and the parameters. The optimization process was conducted several times, considering the random generator within the algorithm. The simulation results show the probable shortest path with a value of about 752 meters so that the use of fossil fuels in waste transport vehicles can be more efficient. The results show that the algorithm can automatically recommend the minimized path length to collect waste.

Using value of information in quantitative set‐based design

AbstractIncreasing system complexity requires that engineers, systems analysts, and program managers use comprehensive design methodologies to deliver affordable and resilient designs. One method is set‐based design (SBD), a product development and managerial process distinctly suited for developing complex systems under uncertainty. SBD simultaneously develops, analyzes, and matures numerous potential design sets, enabling the identification of high‐value, affordable, and resilient designs. Published SBD research is a rich source of both qualitative and quantitative methods. This research specifically focuses on quantitative SBD methods to apply a value of information (VOI) methodology enabling design convergence and selection. We build upon previous SBD research to enable design maturation and uncertainty reduction. Our methodology integrates design maturation and multiobjective VOI analysis into a comprehensive quantitative SBD process to guide system development from initial design concepts to the pre‐production design decision. In doing so, we also provide refinements and process improvements to existing quantitative SBD methods. We demonstrate our methodology with a model‐based UAV design case study using an integrated suite of system, value, and cost models. Our case study specifically focuses on the design maturation and model selection decisions enabling design space convergence. We compare our current results with those from a previous UAV case study, achieving a 41% reduction in required computation time for design space convergence. These results highlight the methodology's ability to reduce program risk and potential to improve SBD convergence efficiency.

Validating collaborative practices for urban circular economy: the design perspective

The article presents the results of the research activity carried out within the framework of the European project H2020 REFLOW, which aims to build an integrated approach for the development of innovative participatory practices dedicated to urban circular metabolisms. As a result of the survey conducted on the application of collaborative models for the urban circular economy, it emerged that there is no shared operational strategy that can be adopted for the circular development of complex systems, such as cities. Based on this premise, this paper offers a new perspective on how to build and validate a transitional pathway for the development of circular cities through the adoption of a design-oriented approach that orchestrates different resources and capacities.

PROCEDURE MODEL FOR STRUCTURED RELATIONAL MODELING OF REQUIREMENTS TO SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS-ORIENTED DECISION MAKING

AbstractThe development of complex technical systems is characterized by a large number of system elements as well as their interactions. With regard to requirements management, many requirements have to be considered, which can have different relations to each other. If these requirements are used as basis for criteria in the decision making process, these relations must also be considered in the multi-criteria evaluation of product alternatives. Therefore, a computer-aided approach is presented in this paper, which allows the systematic modeling of requirement interactions focusing on multi-criteria decision making. For this purpose, basic relation types are identified, which are used to model submatrices in order to derive the Requirement Relation Matrix (RRM). Matrix-based as well as graph-based visualization methods are used for the RRM in order to improve the alternatives with the knowledge about the relational linkage. In addition, the effects of changes in requirements can be transferred to the decision making process. The approach is exemplarily applied to the extension of a test laboratory by a test bench.

Classification is the Method of System Problems Detection

It has been shown by historical examples that neglect of the basic system principles in creation or development of complex systems led always to problems, failures and/or disasters. System engineering techniques were used to build a common classificatory of system problems. Its structure have been validated and verified. No projects, events or processes have been identified that could not find its natural place in this classificatory. Classification of system problems helps to better understand the reasons why complex systems are not able to perform the tasks assigned to them.