Complex Sequence Research Articles

Is it Necessary to Reconstruct *ö for Proto-Samoyedic: Sources of o after Palatal Consonants in First and Non-First Syllables in Tundra Nenets

The article discusses the need to reconstruct the phoneme *ö for the Proto-Samoyed language. As is known, for Proto-Samoyedic (in the system proposed by J. Janhunen in “Samojedischer Wortschatz”) this phoneme is reconstructed only for the first syllable. Its reconstruction relies primarily on the data of the Nenets language: the words of the phonetic structure palatal consonant in anlaut + vowel o, such as syoncya ‘inside’ serve as the base. The article analyzes all cases in which a Nenets word of this type has Proto-Samodic or Proto-Northern Samoyedic etymology. Etymological correlates in other Samoyedic and Northern Samoyedic languages allow to demonstrate, that the initial o palatalizing an anlaut consonant either originates in a more complex phonetic sequence, or is positionally determined and can be explained by the influence of the vowel of the subsequent syllable. Neither for Proto-Samoyedic nor for Proto-Northern Samoyedic are reconstructed words of a “phonetically neutral” structure like *СV, *CVC or even *СVCə̑, *CVCå, where *V is represented by *ö. The etymological correspondences of Nenets words with the sequence palatal consonant + vowel o in non-first syllables are also analyzed: all such words are derivatives, and the material of other Samoyedic languages shows that in this case, too, Nenets o, palatalizing the preceding consonant, does not correspond to a single vowel, but to a more complex phonetic sequence.

Infinite Switching Dynamic Probabilistic Network With Bayesian Nonparametric Learning

To model sequentially observed multivariate nonstationary count data, we propose a switching Poisson-gamma dynamical systems (SPGDS), a dynamic probabilistic network with switching mechanism. Different from previous models, SPGDS assigns its latent variables into mixture of gamma distributed parameters to model complex sequences and describe the nonlinear dynamics, meanwhile, capture various temporal dependencies. Moreover, SPGDS can model all discrete and nonnegative real data by linking them to latent counts. To take advantage of Bayesian nonparametrics in handling the unknown number of mixture components, we integrate Dirichlet process (DP) mixture into SPGDS and develop an infinite switching Poisson-gamma dynamical systems (iSPGDS). For efficient and nonparametric inference, we develop a infinite switching recurrent variational inference network, combined with a scalable hybrid stochastic gradient-MCMC and variational inference method, which is scalable to large scale sequences and fast in out-of-sample prediction. Besides, to handle the time-series categorization task, we further propose an supervised attention iSPGDS (attn-iSPGDS), which combines the representation power of iSPGDS, discriminative power of deep neural networks, and selection power of the attention mechanism under a principled probabilistic framework. Experiments on both unsupervised and supervised tasks demonstrate that the proposed model not only has excellent fitting and prediction performance on complex sequences, but also separates different dynamical patterns within them.

Effect of surfactant micellization on the oxidation of mercaptobenzothiazole by bioinorganic molybdenum complex

A spectrophotometric routine was used to study the effect of surfactant micellization on the oxidation of mercaptobenzothiazole (MBTZ) by bioinorganic molybdenum complex at 301 K and an absorption maxima of 560 nm. It follows an acid dependent oxidative pathway that is medium-sensitive. Charge distribution from the reaction species contributes to the redox retardation, resulting in a downturned primary salt effect with an unenhanced reaction rate. Alteration of the reaction medium with ethanol led to a lowering of oxidation time as the charge catalysis was promoted by a drop in the system permittivity. Likewise, the micellization of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in the system increased the oxidation rate of the MBTZ due to the high impact of hydrophobic and ion interaction between the micelle and substrates. First order reaction kinetics was observed in the concentration of the redox partners and a 2:2 (complex: MBTZ) stoichiometry was obtained with the involvement of benzothiazyl radical, which resulted in the formation of benzothiazyl disulphide and a Mo2+ deactivated complex. The occurrence of counterion catalysis is pronounced in the reaction system. The standard enthalpy (31.52 ± 0.11 kJ mol−1) and Gibbs energy (74.54 ± 0.13) kJ mol−1 suggest that the process is endothermic dependent. The investigation of surfactant micellization effect on the reaction medium was quantitatively ascertained from the Piszkiewicz model of the complex interaction sequence.

A Novel Chaotic Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Coordinate Descent and SHA-256

In recent years, chaotic image encryption algorithms with key and plaintext association have been developed, which are essentially similar to a one-time pad at a time because each encryption requires the transmission of the key. However, some existing schemes cannot uniquely map the seed key to the initial value of the chaotic system, which leads to the reduction of the key space of the encryption system. In addition, some schemes use the same key to encrypt the same image, which does not conform to the one-time pad strategy. This paper solves these problems from two aspects. On the one hand, random pixels are inserted into a plain image and then a hash value is generated using SHA-256. Different seed keys can be obtained even if the same image is encrypted. On the other hand, the Sequential Expansion Algorithm (SEA) and Feedback Iterative Piece-Wise Linear Chaotic Mapping (FI-PWLCM) are proposed to realize the one-to-one correspondence between the seed key and the encrypted key stream. SEA can quickly generate seed key sensitive and random sequences. FI-PWLCM achieves one-to-one correspondence with the seed key through feedback iteration with more control parameters. The mapping not only has the rapidity of PWLCM, but also can produce more complex chaotic sequences. Besides, this paper proposes a Segmented Coordinate Descent (SCD) method for histogram statistical optimization of images to improve the ability of cryptosystems against statistical attacks. Experiments and security analysis show that the algorithm can resist chosen-plaintext (chosen-ciphertext) attacks, brute force attacks, statistical attacks and so on. Compared with most current algorithms, it achieves the best performance in the statistical properties of histogram and entropy.

A study on I-deferred strongly Cesáro summable and μ-deferred i-statistical convergence for complex uncertain sequences

In this study, we introduce the five different types of I-deferred strongly Ces?ro summablity and ?-deferred I-statistical convergence (i.e., with respect to almost surely, uniformly almost surely, in measure, in distribution and in mean) of a complex uncertain sequence. We also introduce the spaces of such kind of sequences. Furthermore, some interesting properties of these definitions and inclusion relations between the spaces have been established under some conditions.

Congenital Absence of Stapedius Muscle and Tendon: Case Report with Review of Literature

Absence of stapedius muscle and its tendon is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, with only nine indexed reports in live patients. It presents with non progressive, occasionally bilateral conductive deafness, although this cannot be confirmed from Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT). This makes it one of the least probable differential diagnosis of conductive deafness with unremarkable tympanic membrane. The definitive diagnosis is made only at time of surgery. The condition often co-exists with other genetic/acquired disorders of the middle/inner ear (otosclerosis, tympanosclerosis, etc.,). In absence of standardised, evidence based management protocol, diagnosis and appropriate treatment become challenging, and are predominantly situational. Its occurrence follows complex embryologic sequences where the internal portion of the interhyale- the mesenchymal condensation separating the cranial mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch (stapedial anlage) from Reichert’s cartilage- remains either absent or undergoes regression. Here, authors presents a case of 19-year-old female with congenital absence of stapedius muscle and tendon. She presented with congenital, bilateral, non progressive, moderate conductive hearing loss, and was diagnosed with this condition at surgery. There was co-existent tympanosclerosis in the middle ear that resulted in ossicular chain fixation and absence of round window reflex. The tympanosclerotic plaques were meticulously removed, ossicular chain mobility was restored, and a type II ossiculoplasty was done, along with reconstruction of the posterosuperior bony canal wall with cartilage perichondrium complex. Apart from the clinical presentation and its management, the present report also emphasises the plausible theories on relevant embryology explaining such an unusual event.

Plant genomes: toward goals of decoding both complex and complete sequences

Plant genomes: toward goals of decoding both complex and complete sequences

An enhanced framework for blood supply chain risk management

A blood supply chain (BSC) is a very long and complex sequence of processes heavily sequential. If one of them is executed in an incorrect way and this error is not detected, it leads to an incorrect transfusion outcome, that could seriously affect patients. For this reason, there is a strong need to identify and prevent adverse events along the entire BSC, in order to reduce their probability of occurrence. This also helps improving BSC sustainability from both the environmental and the social perspectives. The paper extends an existing healthcare supply chain risk management framework already applied to the blood transfusion process to address multiple BSC echelons and identify the cause and effect relationships among the adverse events that might occur. To this end, Fault Tree Analysis is added to the risk management tools part of the original framework as well as Key Performance Indicators are applied to detect risky event manifestation. The first application of the proposed approach to a blood bank and a hospital ward revealed its effectiveness in identifying the BSC activities most subjected to risk. Also, connections between adverse events and causal relationships among their sources were found, leading to understanding whether an adverse event is caused by a risk source in the same echelon where it occurs or by the concurrent manifestation of several adverse events upstream in the BSC. Future research will be devoted to numerically evaluate probability of occurrence and impact of risky events as well as integrating the framework with a classification of criticalities based on their severity.

Compensatory action of the index and middle finger in the kinematic chain of a basketball shot

Purpose Performing effective actions requires the basketball player to balance factors such as motor variability, error minimalization and a complex sequence of coordination to determine the best action. Aim of study. The aim of the study was to differentiate the strength of the muscles of the index and middle fingers when performing a basketball shot. Methods Material and method. Study group enrolled 122 male college basketball league students. The study included psychophysiological tests to determine indices of individual and typological characteristics of higher nervous activity, proprioceptive sensitivity tests of the fingers of the leading hand, and field tests to assess participants' shooting skills. The touch-based finger pressure sensing system measured the different levels of pressure exerted by the participants' main index and middle finger during grasping. Results For both the middle and index finger, the highest correlation with shot efficiency was found for a 120 g load g (p < 0,01 for 2PS; 2PS40 suc; FT; 3PSO and 3,5mS). Furthermore, high reproducibility of proprioceptive sensitivity of the index and middle finger of the leading hand was found in basketball players. Conclusions The research indicates that it is possible to organize compensatory behavior between joints on the basis of proprioception, with the last compensatory movements of the kinematic chain being performed by the fingers of the hand. The demonstrated high proprioceptive sensitivity of the index and middle finger of the leading hand in basketball players at a weekly interval may indicate ability to maintain high repeatability of movements controlled by these fingers.

Compensatory action of the index and middle finger in the kinematic chain of a basketball shot

Purpose Performing effective actions requires the basketball player to balance factors such as motor variability, error minimalization and a complex sequence of coordination to determine the best action. Aim of study. The aim of the study was to differentiate the strength of the muscles of the index and middle fingers when performing a basketball shot. Methods Material and method. Study group enrolled 122 male college basketball league students. The study included psychophysiological tests to determine indices of individual and typological characteristics of higher nervous activity, proprioceptive sensitivity tests of the fingers of the leading hand, and field tests to assess participants' shooting skills. The touch-based finger pressure sensing system measured the different levels of pressure exerted by the participants' main index and middle finger during grasping. Results For both the middle and index finger, the highest correlation with shot efficiency was found for a 120 g load g (p < 0,01 for 2PS; 2PS40 suc; FT; 3PSO and 3,5mS). Furthermore, high reproducibility of proprioceptive sensitivity of the index and middle finger of the leading hand was found in basketball players. Conclusions The research indicates that it is possible to organize compensatory behavior between joints on the basis of proprioception, with the last compensatory movements of the kinematic chain being performed by the fingers of the hand. The demonstrated high proprioceptive sensitivity of the index and middle finger of the leading hand in basketball players at a weekly interval may indicate ability to maintain high repeatability of movements controlled by these fingers.

Bounded subsets of a class of complex sequences

Bounded subsets of a class of complex sequences

Representation of invariant subspaces of the Schwartz space

A subspace $W$ of the Schwartz space $C^{\infty} (a,b)$ such that the restriction of the operator of differentiation to $W$ has a discrete spectrum is considered. Conditions for the representation of $W$ as a direct algebraic and topological sum of two subspaces, namely, the residual subspace and the subspace spanned by the exponential monomials from $W$, are investigated. One condition ensuring this representation turns out to be the existence of a functional annihilating $W$ such that the Fourier-Laplace transform of this functional is a slowly decreasing entire function. A new characteristic of complex sequences is introduced and investigated. Using this characteristic, the condition that an invariant subspace is equal to the direct sum of its residual and exponential subspaces can be put into a form that is similar to the previously discovered conditions for the possibility of weak spectral synthesis. Bibliography: 19 titles.

Quantification correction for free-breathing myocardial T1ρ mapping in mice using a recursively derived description of a T1ρ* relaxation pathway

BackgroundFast and accurate T1ρ mapping in myocardium is still a major challenge, particularly in small animal models. The complex sequence design owing to electrocardiogram and respiratory gating leads to quantification errors in in vivo experiments, due to variations of the T1ρ relaxation pathway. In this study, we present an improved quantification method for T1ρ using a newly derived formalism of a T1ρ* relaxation pathway.MethodsThe new signal equation was derived by solving a recursion problem for spin-lock prepared fast gradient echo readouts. Based on Bloch simulations, we compared quantification errors using the common monoexponential model and our corrected model. The method was validated in phantom experiments and tested in vivo for myocardial T1ρ mapping in mice. Here, the impact of the breath dependent spin recovery time Trec on the quantification results was examined in detail.ResultsSimulations indicate that a correction is necessary, since systematically underestimated values are measured under in vivo conditions. In the phantom study, the mean quantification error could be reduced from − 7.4% to − 0.97%. In vivo, a correlation of uncorrected T1ρ with the respiratory cycle was observed. Using the newly derived correction method, this correlation was significantly reduced from r = 0.708 (p < 0.001) to r = 0.204 and the standard deviation of left ventricular T1ρ values in different animals was reduced by at least 39%.ConclusionThe suggested quantification formalism enables fast and precise myocardial T1ρ quantification for small animals during free breathing and can improve the comparability of study results. Our new technique offers a reasonable tool for assessing myocardial diseases, since pathologies that cause a change in heart or breathing rates do not lead to systematic misinterpretations. Besides, the derived signal equation can be used for sequence optimization or for subsequent correction of prior study results.

Stochastic sequential supply chain management system: with a solution approach using the systematic sampling evolutionary method

Supply chain management describes a complex sequence of strategies implemented by multiple decision makers to transform raw materials into products and deliver to the market. Mathematical formulations of such problems involve hierarchical games with some form of stochastic properties in the problem definition. Such kind of mathematical problems are generally known to be NP-hard and are challenging to solve. This paper considers a general form of supply chain management problem with various forms of model formulations and analysis. Moreover, a solution approach based on a systematic sampling evolutionary method is also proposed to solve any form of such problem definitions to obtain a Stackelberg equilibrium or Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium solution. The convergence of the solution approach is shown. The reliability of the proposed method is checked. In addition to this, the algorithm is implemented on carefully constructed stochastic supply chain management problems and solutions to these problems are presented.

A Study on Branching Pattern of Branches of Middle Meningeal Artery Based on Meningeal Grooves Present in the Cranial Cavity in South Indian Dry Skulls

Aim: To study the branching pattern of branches of the middle meningeal artery based on meningeal grooves present in the cranial cavity.&#x0D; Introduction: Middle meningeal artery is the major human dural artery. It is a neurologically very important artery for treatment and study of various neural health problems. Its origin and course can vary a lot in relation with embryological development. Complex sequences of MMA gives many opportunities for variant anatomy. It is clinically very important.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this study we decided to investigate the anatomical organisation of the MMA, its branching pattern by taking south indian human dry skulls (N=30). It can be easily traced next to foramen spinosum. The statistical analysis was performed using the t-test calculator.&#x0D; Results: Most of the skulls had its middle branch of MMA from the anterior branch. There were many variations observed in the branching pattern.&#x0D; Conclusion: The branching pattern had many anatomical variations, which differed from one skull to another. The future scope of this study is to analyse skulls of people from different ethnical groups, observe the variations and trace the correlations.

Die Rolle der Kommunikation während der Liturgiereform nach dem Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzil. Die Geschichte einer pastoralliturgischen Rückmeldung über die Ergebnisse der liturgischen Erneuerung aus Ungarn

Sacrosanctum Concilium, the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, one of the constitutions of the Second Vatican Council, is the Magna Carta of the post-conciliar liturgical reform. However, the renewal of worship in the Catholic Church is by no means a mere one-step, linear process, but a complex sequence of procedures in which many authors have participated and are participating. It is therefore inevitable that the various hierarchical levels will engage in a continuous dialogue. The Consilium ad exsequendam constitutionem de sacra liturgia, which is responsible for coordinating liturgical reform in Rome, has on several occasions requested specific reports on episcopal conferences and the impact of liturgical amendments made by liturgical committees. The present study examines the Hungarian responses to the 1967 pastoral literature report.

Transtensional Rupture within a Diffuse Plate Boundary Zone during the 2020 Mw 6.4 Puerto Rico Earthquake

Abstract On 7 January 2020, an Mw 6.4 earthquake occurred in the northeastern Caribbean, a few kilometers offshore of the island of Puerto Rico. It was the mainshock of a complex seismic sequence, characterized by a large number of energetic earthquakes illuminating an east–west elongated area along the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico. Deformation fields constrained by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Navigation Satellite System data indicate that the coseismic movements affected only the western part of the island. To assess the mainshock’s source fault parameters, we combined the geodetically derived coseismic deformation with teleseismic waveforms using Bayesian inference. The results indicate a roughly east–west oriented fault, dipping northward and accommodating ∼1.4 m of transtensional motion. Besides, the determined location and orientation parameters suggest an offshore continuation of the recently mapped North Boquerón Bay–Punta Montalva fault in southwest Puerto Rico. This highlights the existence of unmapped faults with moderate-to-large earthquake potential within the Puerto Rico region.

Rescue specialists in Cataglyphis piliscapa ants: The nature and development of ant first responders.

Previous research in our laboratories has demonstrated that, within each colony of Cataglyphis piliscapa (formerly C. cursor) ants, only some individuals are capable of performing a complex sequence of behavioral patterns to free trapped nestmates-a sequence that not only is memory-dependent but also is responsive to the particular circumstances of that entrapment and how the rescue operation unfolds. Additionally, this rescue behavior is inherited patrilineally from but a few of the many males that fertilize the eggs of the colony's single queen. Here, we describe three experiments to explore rescue behavior further-namely, whether rescuers are in any way selective about which nestmates they help, how the age of rescuers and the victims that they help affect the quantity and quality of the rescue operation, and when this complex behavior first emerges in an ant's development. Taken together with the previous heritability analysis, these behavioral experiments provide clear evidence that the ability to rescue nestmates in distress should be recognized as a specialization, which together with other specialized tasks in C. piliscapa, contributes to a division of labor that increases the efficiency of the colony as a whole and, thus increases its reproductive success.

A guide to phylotranscriptomic analysis for phycologists

Phylotranscriptomics is the study of phylogenetic relationships among taxa based on their DNA sequences derived from transcriptomes. Because of the relatively low cost of transcriptome sequencing compared with genome sequencing and the fact that phylotranscriptomics is almost as reliable as phylogenomics, the phylotranscriptomic analysis has recently emerged as the preferred method for studying evolutionary biology. However, it is challenging to perform transcriptomic and phylogenetic analyses together without programming expertise. This study presents a protocol for phylotranscriptomic analysis to aid marine biologists unfamiliar with UNIX command-line interface and bioinformatics tools. Here, we used transcriptomes to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny of dinoflagellate protists, a diverse and globally abundant group of marine plankton organisms whose large and complex genomic sequences have impeded conventional phylogenic analysis based on genomic data. We hope that our proposed protocol may serve as practical and helpful information for the training and education of novice phycologists.

TERESVA-II EARTHQUAKE on July 19, 2015 with KR=11.1, МSH=3.4, I0=6 (Transcarpathia, Ukraine)

The instrumental and macroseismic data of the Teresvа-II earthquake on July 19, 2015 with the energy class KR=11.1, МSH=3.4 are considered. The earthquake occurred in the seismically active Tyachevo-Sigetskaya zone of Transcarpathia in the upper part of the Earth's crust and caused shaking intensity of I0=6 in the epicentral zone near the village of Teresva. The data on the focal mechanism solution, intensity distribution, parameters of the strongest aftershocks are presented. The release of seismic energy continued for 35 days. During this time, 306 earthquakes were recorded in a wide energy range. The space-time and energy properties of the complex sequence of the Teresvа earthquakes in 2015 have been investigated. The tectonics and previous seismi-city of the area are described.