Complex System Of Relationships Research Articles

Formation of a knowledge base for selecting parameter values for the working parts of the TORUM rotary combine

The work examines the problem of adjusting the adjustable parameters of the axial-rotor threshing-separating device (ARTSD) of the TORUM grain harvester. A general block diagram of the solution has been constructed. To formalize the problem, a linguistic approach was used, which makes it possible to describe complex multi-level systems with ambiguous dependencies between input factors and controlled parameters. The feasibility of using an intelligent information system based on fuzzy logic to solve the problem of setting the adjustable parameters of a combine harvester is substantiated. The article presents the implementation of the first stage of solving the problem of designing an intelligent information system for setting the adjustable parameters of a combine harvester, constructing a formal logical scheme for solving the problem, and creating a fuzzy knowledge base that forms the basis of this information system. Options for pre-setting for harvesting various crops are considered. Models of the considered features in the form of membership functions are proposed. Basic and extended term sets are established. The consistency of the models was analyzed and the optimal models were selected. The results of the solutions obtained are illustrated. Based on expert information about the system of complex relationships between environmental factors and the adjustable parameters of the combine, a fuzzy knowledge base was created that establishes rules for the deductive conclusion of decisions about the values of parameters in various combinations of external conditions.

The Era of Hellenism in Russian school textbooks on the history of the Ancient World

The subject of the study is the reflection of the history of the Hellenistic era in current school textbooks on the history of the ancient world (5th grade). The history of Hellenism is one of the most interesting and complex periods in the history of not only Ancient Greece, but also Eastern civilizations, as well as the entire ancient world as a whole. This is the time of the appearance of new states on the political map and the formation of a complex system of relations between the peoples who inhabited them. It is natural to believe that such an important period should have been appropriately reflected in the school course of the history of the ancient world and textbooks: familiarity with the history of Hellenism helps not only to better understand historical processes, but also to study more deeply the history of culture and science that flourished in this era. The analysis of the textbooks, which remain the main source of information for schoolchildren, gives, however, a very ambiguous picture. Analysis of the material of current school textbooks allows us to form an idea of the general trends in the display of the history of Hellenism in the framework of school education. As a result of the consideration of the relevant topics of textbooks, a general trend in the coverage of the history of the Hellenistic era in school textbooks was revealed. The authors of the manuals, as a rule, turn to the vivid example of Alexandria of Egypt, focusing on this city to a much greater extent than on the very fact of the synthesis of Greek and Oriental cultures. The names of the rulers, both the founders of Hellenistic dynasties and their descendants, are mentioned infrequently, much more attention is paid to the development of science and art. Textbooks are limited in the selection and presentation of material both by the cognitive abilities of fifth grade students, who are important not to overload with information, and by a large volume of historical events that need to be packed into a small volume. In light of this, the authors' decision to focus more on culture and art looks quite logical, but the choice of a specific material does not always seem fully justified.

Problems of Compensation of Losses in Breach of Civil Law Obligations

Relevance. One of the basic approaches for civil law is to allow the injured party to claim full compensation for losses, including in case of violation of civil law obligations. The widespread use of this approach is based on universal human notions of reasonableness and fairness of restoring the property sphere of the injured party at the expense of the party that committed the violation. Compensation of losses plays a crucial role among the means of protection of subjective civil rights provided for by Article 12 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions that determine the features of the implementation of the principle of full compensation for damages in breach of obligations at the current stage of development of market economy and legislation of the Russian Federation.Objectives: to identify the problems associated with the implementation of the principle of full compensation for losses in the civil law of the Russian Federation; to determine the features of ensuring the balance of interests in the compensation of losses; to determine the directions of further development of legal regulation of the issues under consideration.Methodology. When writing the work, dialectical-materialistic method, systematic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-legal method were used.The results of the research are of a theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of civil legal relations.The conclusions made in the article are of a discussion nature, aimed at continuing the research in the frame-work of the stated subject matter, development of basic principles that allow to uniformly resolve the problems associated with the realization of the rights to full compensation for damages for breach of obligations, including in a complex system of relations between individual participants of civil turnover. The article is a continuation of the author's scientific research on issues related to the problems of civil liability.

SYNERGETIC PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND THE PROBLEM OF FREEDOM: METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Society is considered by the synergetic philosophy of history as a “dissipative structure”. The author analyses the mechanism of self-organisation of society – social selection – in terms of its factors such as thesaurus, detector and selector (V. Bransky). Freedom is an element of social selection. It manifests itself as a way of human existence. Freedom is directly correlated with the category of accident, but unlike it, it is only a “particular” form of necessity. In contrast to the definition of freedom as a recognised necessity, the definition of freedom as a recognised accident within the framework of regularity carries the unity of motive and action. Mastering the accident factor, a person more deeply comprehends the scope of possibilities presented by a complex system of relationships and patterns, changes his/her future and the future of society.

At home in the ‘home’? Narratives of home in repertoires of institutional dining

Home is not only a concrete place and a complex system of relations, but also an end-in-view that connects perceived shortcomings in the current versions of home with the desired goals and the means to achieve them. Our case study centres on a dining improvement project which strives to create home in residential institutions for people identified as disabled by serving a ‘home-like meal’. We describe three versions of home that are enacted in residential institutions – home as a commune, home as a private space and home as an intimate sphere – and document how they influence the serving of meals. We combine pragmatic theory of valuation with ethnographic research of home-making practices to assess the feasibility of these ends-in-view in relation to the housing options available to the disabled-identified. We show that when the realization of the chosen goals proves unfeasible under present circumstances, the discrepancies between the desired and actual versions of home can be effaced through various re-contextualization strategies. Of the three versions of home encountered during our intervention/research, the home enacted as an intimate sphere is the one most firmly grounded in clients’ real wishes and needs, and therefore the one most favourable to positive change.

"cabrei" of the Archivio di Stato di Bologna: a complex reading

The term cabreo has been given different meanings over the years: what was originally defined as a legal and then economic instrument, has increasingly acquired an aesthetic connotation that made it more like a piece of art. Starting from its definitions, we will try to show how, at the heart of the cabreo representation, there is a complex system of relationships: the patronage, the drafters, the subscribers, and the apparatuses are all elements that add information to the picture. Taking a few significant examples from the documentary heritage of the Archivio di Stato di Bologna, we will try to show how the examination of the graphic artefacts allows us to reconstruct the field of action of public institutions, private individuals and religious corporations, if analysed in its reference framework.

Paulo Freire's educational ideas. Reflections from higher education

The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the effectiveness of Paulo Freire's view against banking education and indifference to higher education. The method used is a combination of bibliographic research and participant observation by the author. The results include: Freire's reflection on higher education through his struggle with banking education and indifference; Freire regards education as a complex system of relations between learners and educators, focusing on the activation of learners in the process of education, the dialogue between learners and educators, the combination of suspicion and epistemology curiosity, the guiding role of ethics, and the combination of rationality and emotion; The importance of critical thinking in this level of education; The rejection of indifference is basically related to the positive role of learners in their education.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ МЕТАЦИКЛИЗАЦИИ В РОК-ПОЭЗИИ: НА ПРИМЕРЕ ТВОРЧЕСТВА ГРУППЫ "ДДТ"

The phenomenon of metacyclization is based on a complex system of relationships that form the lyrical cycle of works and makes it possible to realize the creative ideas of the author, potentially unresolved in poetry in other ways. The article is about the features of metacyclization in modern rock poetry on the example of the works of Y. Shevchuk, the soloist of the group “DDT”. The essence and specifics of the phenomenon in lyrics are briefly defined and the main types of its implementation are listed. The article, using specific examples from Y. Shevchuk’s poetry, considers various forms of the existence of metacycles as secondary author’s cycles and as larger-scale lyrical cycles united by theme, chronotype, etc. The means and tools used by the author to create a single composition of the cycle, the implementation of the author’s intention are characterized. The paper states that in rock poetry the compositions, the most popular or subjectively significant for the author, as a rule, are subject to secondary cyclization. It was revealed by specific examples that the context of the metacycle not only enriches the works of rock poetry with new meanings, but sometimes also transforms their text in accordance with the current author’s position one whole concept of the lyrical cycle. Numerous references to the work of Russian writers and poets, to the compositions of colleagues confirm the unity and interconnection of Yu. Shevchuk’s poetry not only with modern Russian rock, but also with Russian literature in general.

ІДЕЯ СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТІ У ГОСПОДАРСЬКОМУ ПРАВІ

Through the prism of the Ukrainian legal tradition, the article substantiates the axiological importance of the category of justice as a value invariant in the legal regulation of economic relations in Ukraine in modern conditions and the immanence of ideas of justice in Economic law. Attention is drawn to the fact that Ukraine has its own legal tradition, which is historically deeply rooted in the European legal tradition and inherited by the Constitution of Ukraine of 1996. The declaration of the principle of the Rule of Law in Ukraine, which is an element of the common heritage of the member states of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, determines the fundamental value status of the idea of justice in the legal system of modern Ukraine. The general purpose of the functioning of the legal system of Ukraine is derived from the content of Article 1 of the Constitution of Ukraine — it is the development of Ukraine as a sovereign, independent, democratic, social, legal state. Attention is drawn to the fact that until now neither the foundations nor the principles of Economic law have been fixed in the Economic Code of Ukraine as the main act of economic legislation, although they should form the basis of the structure of all acts of economic legislation, be the basis for the interpretation of legal norms of all acts of economic legislation in the rulemaking and serve as a mean of overcoming legal conflicts and gaps in Economic law, including through the prism of justice. It is determined that the idea of justice — both in the subjective (as the integrity of a person) and objective meaning (as social justice) is already explicitly included in the normative substance of the Economic Code. The importance of the implementation of the idea of social justice in the norms of Economic law is determined by the essence of the relations that are regulated by these rules. In contrast to purely civil relations as the subject of regulation of the Civil Code of Ukraine, as well as purely public legal regulations based on the principles of power — subordination, the object of economic legal regulation is a complex system of relations defined in Article 3 of the Economic Code. Such general foundations of civil legislation as justice, good faith and reasonableness (Clause 6 of Article 3 of the Civil Code), which embody subjective justice as the integrity of participants of civil relations, should show their regulatory potential in the economic sphere. Attention is drawn to the fact that legal support of the social market economy has never been part of the goal of civil legislation, which (the goal) is not generally defined in the Civil Code. The implementation of social justice in the economy of Ukraine and Economic law is determined by the declaration of Ukraine as a social state, accordingly, the economic function of the social state should be ensured by Economic law. The article supports the scientific position that the feature of the social state is ensuring the compliance with the principle of justice in the process of managing the economy. The problem of understanding the necessity and legal forms of state management is among those that are especially acute in the period of social transformations in the society. However, at any time, the state shall solve the task of performing “general affairs” in the society and regulating relations in an asymmetric society, which is characterized by economic inequality of its members. If the cornerstone for Civil law is the legal (formal) equality of the parties, then for Economic law it is fundamentally important to smooth out the actual (economic) inequality of the participants of economic relations and to ensure differentiated equality. It is concluded that it is impossible for the state to fulfil its obligations to the society without the use of appropriate legal means that go beyond private law, and the very idea of justice shall be developed in all sub-branches and legal institutes of Economic law.

Team ground rules: Their nature and functions

Teams are complex relational systems. Effective team functioning depends on members willingness to coordinate and work together. Ground rules play a fundamental but frequently ignored role in this process. We define ground rules as the mutual agreements informally established by members to regulate team functioning. These agreements may subsequently be rendered formal or explicit. The nature and functions of ground rules (including as social-normative tools for handling paradoxes) are discussed, as well as the forms/types they assume. Rules for setting ground rules, as well as the role team leaders may play in facilitating the emergence of effective ground rules are also considered. • Ground rules are the mutual agreements informally established by members of a team to regulate team functioning • Ground rules pervade team functioning, however, given their often implicit nature, they have not received much research attention. • The phrase “ground rules” was initially introduced for describing rules agreed upon by teams for playing a game of baseball within a specific grounds or venue. • Ground rules help teams navigate paradoxes, serving as scaffolding strategies for handling contradictions.

Institutional Principles of Intensifying the Innovative Development of Small and Medium Agribusiness

At the present stage of economic development, one of the most essential tasks is to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture and the formation of competitive agricultural production. The formation and development of the organizational and economic mechanism for activating the innovative development of small and medium-sized businesses in agriculture is a complex system of relations that requires support from the state, so the authors proposed directions and forms of state support for activating the innovative development of small and medium-sized agribusiness, as well as the conceptual foundations for the formation of wholesale distribution centers in agriculture for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The proposed activities will make it possible to form cooperative and integration ties between small and large enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and intensify their innovative development.

Families who have a child with a disability: a literature review of quality of life issues from a Chinese perspective

ABSTRACT The family is described as a complex system of relationships and functions of individual members. If a child with a disability is present in the family, this is an important characteristic of the family that affects the functioning of the family system. At an early age, children with disabilities are dependent on a certain level of family support that is proportional to the type and extent of their disability. The level of support subsequently affects the quality of life of the family. The literature study aimed to characterize and analyze available research on the quality of life in families with a disabled child in China. The search for relevant resources for this study was carried out in China’s National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP databases. The search strategy was based on the following construct: (a) the quality of life of the family; (b) AND parent OR carer OR mother OR father; (c) AND disab * OR disability OR special needs; (d) AND AB = children OR child OR student OR infant. This review consolidates the empirical research to date on families’ quality of life and outlines areas of research for further exploration.

Where Are The Parents? The Lack of Parental Involvement In Students’ Academic Achievement

The purpose of this literature review was to explore the lack of parental involvement in a learner’s process. Having both parents in the home can affect a child mentally and academically. The theoretical framework that helped to develop this literature review was based on the ecological theory by Bronfenbrenner. The ecological theory focused on child development. Therefore, Bronfenbrenner scope was based on a complex system of relationships. Parental involvement is an ongoing problem across our public learning institutions. I offer positive recommendations to public and secondary schools to reduce the lack of parental involvement. These recommendations were offered from a leadership perspective. The author examined literature related to the research problem. Additionally, the lack of parental involvement is discussed at length, particularly how the lack of parental involvement affects students in the process. The lack of parental involvement and support becomes tedious during student learning process and academic achievement. Factors associated with the parent’s lack of involvement were discussed. Keywords: Parental involvement, public school, secondary school, student achievement, thinking process, scaffolding, challenges of parental involvement

Dendrochronological Provenance Patterns. Network Analysis of Tree-Ring Material Reveals Spatial and Economic Relations of Roman Timber in the Continental North-Western Provinces

Over the last decades, Roman wood in various shapes and sizes has been excavated in the region of the continental north-western provinces of the Roman empire. However, it is often unclear whether wood has been transported. Most dendrochronological provenance studies rely on simple comparisons between tree-ring series based on a single similarity measure. In addition, most fail to consider the complex system of relations that is the result of the variables that influence tree-ring patterns. Network analysis is a solution to this problem, because it allows to both visualize and analyze the complex (provenance) relations of tree-ring series as a whole. A network makes it impossible to ignore existing (statistical) relations between tree-ring series. Although networks can be build using any (combination of) similarity measure(s), in this study a combination of the Synchronous Growth Changes (SGC), its related probability of exceedance (<em>p</em>), correlation (<em>r</em>) and overlap define the edges. This paper focusses on networks with site chronologies as nodes, although networks can also be constructed using individual tree-ring series or a combination with site chronologies. A combination of these can also help to refine the (archaeological) interpretation. The location of any tree-ring series in a network reflects its provenance. Material that is placed closer together in the network has similar growth patterns and is generally from the same region. Therefore, network communities reflect wood that has a similar provenance. If tree-ring material was found on different spatial locations, but in close proximity in the network, this indicates that wood has been moved. To determine which wood has been transported, a combination of archaeological and spatial arguments is used. The method is sound, simple and gives insight in the complexity of all tree-ring relations in a simple diagram. The resulting patterns show that most wood was obtained in the region where it was used, but that transport of wood in the Roman period did take place. Three scales are defined to describe the Roman wood economy: local, provincial and imperial. While transport of wood over long distances is attested for both military and civilian sites (provincial and imperial scale), it seems that wood that was transported beyond the provincial borders was only used in civilian sites (imperial scale). The combination of network science, dendrochronology and archaeology is a powerful method to understand patterns in the Roman timber economy.

Discussion paper on the European Administrative Space – Hungarian viewpoint

The EU Member States are characterised by long and varied institutional history, with different trajectories in their evolution. There is a complex system of relations between the institutions of the European Union and the authorities of the Member States, which are called as the European Administrative Space. This is a multidimensional concept, and it promotes intensive cooperation between administrative actors, and their activities from each level. The European Administrative Space is the area, in which increasingly integrated administrations jointly exercise power delegated to the EU in a system of shared sovereignty. This article explores the reasons for and the consequences of this development.

An overview of the River Contract tool: new aims in planning and protected areas issues

ABSTRACT The River Contract, as a new negotiated process, even if it is not yet clearly placed in the context of spatial planning tools, can play an important role in the improvement phases of territorial governance policies. River networks, which often cross urban spaces, can certainly be considered places of choice for the contemporary experimentation of territorial and local strategies. This paper analyses the different possibilities of acting on natural infrastructures, through the analysis of cases carried out in various European countries. This investigation led to the definition of recurring advantages and disadvantages in river planning application, expecially referring to the Italian national context for the Landscape Plan, a special planning tool for landscape issues, included waterways. Despite the disadvantages, the River Contract represents a concrete possibility of achieving landscape aims: this process, acting at different scales of intervention, could contribute to solving the complex system of relations between all the components involved.

Pharmacokinetic relationships in psychotropic drugs effects

The review discusses relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and effects of psychotropic drugs, both in preclinical studies and clinical practice. The identification of such correlations can serve as a basis for understanding the complex system of relationships between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms in the manifestation of the action of this group of drugs and allows us to use the data of pharmacokinetic studies to optimize therapeutic approaches in medical practice.

Картофельные бунты в Зауралье как отражение традиционного сознания русского крестьянства

The article deals with the phenomenon of potato riots in the Trans-Urals region in the 1840s. Peasant unrest that engulfed the regions inhabited by state peasants cannot be understood simply as a manifestation of anti-feudal protests. Among the reasons for the revolts, rumors, discontent with local authorities, and irrational fears can also be named. The authors propose to consider these events from the point of view of the thinking of the Russian peasantry, in connection with the peculiarities of traditional culture. This approach gives a better understanding of the genesis of events, the suddenness of riots, and inexplicable cruelty in relation to fellow villagers and the clergy from a rational standpoint. Using specific examples, the authors analyze the role of rumors in the emergence of riots, the inability of the bureaucracy to understand the peculiarities of the consciousness of Siberian peasants, and the reasons for the peasants' hatred towards the rural authorities. Besides, attention is paid to the role of the rural clergy in the events. Based on a complex of historical sources, the authors try not only to reconstruct the course of events, but also to reveal the same and repeating lines of performances which occurred at different times and in different places. The riots of 1842 and 1843 took place at the same time (early spring), the rebels demanded that the authorities and the clergy show them documents on “selling them under a master”, and the refusal to demonstrate non-existent papers entailed torture and murder of clerks, country administration, and priests. Revolts were cruelly suppressed. The authors conclude that the main role in the emergence of potato riots was played by the peculiarities of the traditional type of thinking of the peasants and by the complex system of relations and contradictions in the Trans-Ural region. The unrest showed the reluctance and inability of the Russian bureaucracy to explain the essence and purpose of the innovations to the peasants.

СИСТЕМНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ПІЗНАННЯ СУТНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Modern economic transformations, which are largely due to the influence of information and communication technolo-gies, play a key role in the development of all economic systems. The infrastructure is an integral part of digital economy. The development of digital technologies within the national economy the speed of their development and implementation depend on its active functioning. The role of the state in the development of digital economy and its infrastructure, despite the objectivity and comprehensive nature of digital technologies, remains important. Using a system of methods, tools and lev-ers of this regulation, public authorities have effective and efficient means to intensify the creation, implementation and sup-port of new digital technologies in all spheres of society, especially within the national economy. Considering the outlined, within the article, theoretical provisions of the functioning of the state regulation system of the digital economy infrastructure is deepened. This was implemented through the use of the system approach methodology, which allowed to consider the outlined type of regulation as a holistic object of study –a separately functioning system. As a result, it is proposed to consider this type of regulation as a complex system of relations with its own purpose, interactionwith external environment, between public authorities, local governments and economic entities that take an active role in creating favorable conditions for active creation, modernization, implementation of information and communication technol-ogies in the processes of production, exchange, distribution, and consumption.In the article, considerable attention is also paid to substantiating the importance of state regulation in general in the field of the formation and development of digital economy; it is established that such regulation is necessary for the development of this type of economy, its infrastructure. It is also determined that the infrastructure of digital economy is an integral part of creating the conditions for the digitalization implementation of economic relations within the national economy.

АНАЛІЗ ДОХОДІВ У СИСТЕМІ ВИКОНАННЯ КОШТОРИСУ БЮДЖЕТНОЇ УСТАНОВИ

The revenues of budgetary institutions, along with the costs and results of budget execution, are the most specific objects of accounting and analysis of the institution’s activities. Institutions cover their expenses from the state or local budget, since they do not have their own working capital. In turn, the costs are carried out at the expense of the institution’s receipts in pursuance of its revenue side. Even the very concept of revenues of a budgetary institution is often used in the context of the execution of estimates of revenues and expenditures, which emphasizes their close interdependence. Therefore, the income of a budgetary institution in modern conditions is a complex system of relationships that covers not only state authorities, but also society as a whole, that is, the income of a budgetary institution directly affects the social and economic processes taking place in the state. In the course of the research, methods of generalization, comparison and systematization were applied, which made it possible to reveal the essence and significance of the income of a budgetary institution, the methodology and organization of their analysis. The information base of the above study was the accounting data, financial and budgetary statements of the institution. The methodology for analyzing the income of a budgetary institution is presented on the example of the Khrestiv village council of the Chaplynsky district of the Kherson region. It has been substantiated that it is advisable to analyze the income of recipients of budget funds in the context of sources of receipt (general and special fund, and for a special fund – in the context of income from the provision of services (work performed), other income from exchange operations, transfers). The classification of income by exchange and non-exchange transactions has been determined. The income of the special fund is analyzed in detail and recommendations are given for replenishing the income of the village council. The presented results can serve as a basis for further research in the field of analysis of the income of budgetary institutions.