Complex Program Research Articles

New Insights on the Role of ß-Cyanoalanine Synthase CAS-C1 in Root Hair Elongation through Single-Cell Proteomics

(1) Background: Root hairs are specialized structures involved in water and plant nutrient uptake. They elongate from epidermal cells following a complex developmental program. ß-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS), which is mainly involved in hydrogen cyanide (HCN) detoxification in Arabidopsis thaliana, plays a role in root hair elongation, as evidenced by the fact that cas-c1 mutants show a severe defect in root hair shape. In addition to root hairs, CAS C1 is expressed in the quiescent center and meristem. (2) Methods: To identify its role in root hair formation, we conducted single-cell proteomics analysis by isolating root hair cells using Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting (FACS) from wild-type and cas-c1 mutants. We also analyzed the presence of S-cyanylation, a protein post-translational modification (PTM) mediated by HCN and affecting cysteine residues and protein activity in proteins of wild type and cas-c1 mutants. (3) Results and Conclusions: We have found that the cas-c1 mutation has no visible effect on quiescent center or meristem root tissue, in both control and nutrient-deprivation conditions. We have identified more than 3900 proteins in root hairs and we have found that several proteins involved in root hair development, related to the receptor kinase FERONIA signaling and DNA methylation, are modified by S-cyanylation.

Contemporary High-Performance Computing for Big Data Applications

High-performance computing (HPC) involves leveraging parallel data processing to enhance computer performance and handle difficult tasks. HPC meets these aims by pooling computing capacity, enabling efficient, reliable, and prompt execution of even complex programs according to user demands and expectations. The rapid growth of HPDA in many sectors has led to the extension of the HPC market into new territory. HPC as well as Big Data systems differ not just in terms of technology but also in ecosystems. Extensive research in this sector has led to the emergence of various Big Data analytics models in recent years. As Big Data analytics spreads across several fields, new challenges about the usefulness of analytical paradigms also emerge. This article discusses the key analytical models, as well as the difficulties and challenges associated with high-performance data analytics. This research work aims to identify the factors influencing the integration of HPC with big data, including present and future trends. The study also proposes an architecture for big data with HPC convergence based on design principles.

Linking GATA2 to myeloid dysplasia and complex cytogenetics in adult myelodysplastic neoplasm and acute myeloid leukemia

AbstractGATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) is a conserved zinc finger transcription factor that regulates the emergence and maintenance of complex genetic programs driving development and function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Patients born with monoallelic GATA2 mutations develop myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whereas acquired GATA2 mutations are reported in 3% to 5% of sporadic AML cases. The mechanisms by which aberrant GATA2 activity promotes MDS and AML are incompletely understood. Efforts to understand GATA2 in basic biology and disease will be facilitated by the development of broadly efficacious antibodies recognizing physiologic levels of GATA2 in diverse tissue types and assays. Here, we purified a polyclonal anti-GATA2 antibody and generated multiple highly specific anti-GATA2 monoclonal antibodies, optimized them for immunohistochemistry on patient bone marrow bioosy samples, and analyzed GATA2 expression in adults with healthy bone marrow, MDS, and acute leukemia. In healthy bone marrow, GATA2 was detected in mast cells, subsets of CD34+ HSPCs, E-cadherin–positive erythroid progenitors, and megakaryocytes. In MDS, GATA2 expression correlates with bone marrow blast percentage, positively correlates with myeloid dysplasia and complex cytogenetics, and is a nonindependent negative predictor of overall survival. In acute leukemia, the percent of GATA2+ blasts closely associates with myeloid lineage, whereas a subset of lymphoblastic and undifferentiated leukemias with myeloid features also express GATA2. However, the percent of GATA2+ blasts in AML is highly variable. Elevated GATA2 expression in AML blasts correlates with peripheral neutropenia and complex AML cytogenetics but, unlike in MDS, does not predict survival.

Safety and efficacy of intrathecal baclofen trials for the treatment of hypertonia: a retrospective cohort study.

Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for refractory hypertonia in children. ITB has long been effective for the treatment of spasticity, and indications have naturally evolved to include dystonia and mixed pediatric movement disorders (PMDs). The established uses for ITB trials are insurance prerequisite, mixed tone, and family request. Despite agreement for ITB therapy by a multidisciplinary group of subspecialists in a complex PMD program, insurance companies often require an ITB trial be performed. A longitudinal cohort was identified to determine the safety and efficacy of ITB trials and to determine the utility of test dosing in this population. Retrospective data analysis was performed for patients with hypertonia who underwent ITB bolus trials at the authors' institution between 2021 and 2023. Nonmodifiable risk factors and clinical variables were collected. Thirty-one patients (11 female) underwent 32 ITB trials. Of these patients, 67.7% had a diagnosis of mixed hypertonia, 32.3% pure spasticity, and 9.1% secondary dystonia. The mean age at test dose was 12.8 years, and 58.1% of patients were born premature. The mode Gross Motor Function Classification System score was 5. The mean difference in Barry-Albright Dystonia Scale (BADS) scores was -7.33 points (p = 0.01) at 2.5 hours postoperatively. The mean difference in upper-extremity modified Ashworth Scale (mAS) scores was -5.36 points (p = 0.003), and that for lower-extremity mAS scores was -6.61 (p < 0.001). In total, 21.9% of patients developed a post-dural puncture headache. Conversion to a permanent baclofen pump was performed in 22/32 (68.8%) patients. Of those who did not pursue pump placement, 1 patient had high surgical risk, 1 had an ineffective response, 1 had a bad reaction to the test dose and cited both regression and increased discomfort, and 2 declined despite an effective trial owing to family preferences. ITB trials require hospitalization in some form and carry risks of procedural complications. The decision to pursue a trial should be made on a case-by-case basis by clinicians and should not be determined by insurance companies. The complication rate of ITB trials is high, and a test dose is unnecessary in this fragile population.

Optimizing Operations Management and Business Analytics Strategies under Uncertainty: Dynamic Programming

Dynamic programming is a method used in mathematics, management science, computer science, economics, and bioinformatics to solve complex problems by decomposing the original problem into relatively simple sub-problems. Dynamic programming is often applicable to problems with overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure properties. This paper employs a comprehensive research approach of literature review, as well as empirical analysis and case studies to investigate the topic and demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of dynamic programming in solving complex decision-making problems. However, the curse of dimensionality poses challenges when dealing with high-dimensional decision spaces, requiring approximate dynamic programming methods, including reinforcement learning algorithms. Therefore, when dealing with more complex dynamic programming problems, it is also essential to use program construction tools such as Python to help design a program that can optimize the problem. Therefore, in the learning of dynamic programming, in addition to the correct understanding of basic concepts and methods, specific problems must be analyzed and dealt with in detail, models should be built with rich imagination, and solutions should be solved with creative skills.

Рискогенное поведение россиян в сфере здоровья: динамика и факторы воздействия

The review analyzes health risk behaviors of Russians in the ‘pre-pandemic’ (2018–2019), ‘pandemic’ (2020–2021) and ‘post-pandemic’ (2022) periods. Risk behaviors of Russians have been studied in dynamics relying on the secondary analysis of the longitudinal database of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of the National Research University Higher School of Economics; also, factors able to induce changes in them have been established. Evidence is provided to prove a multidirectional dynamics in risk behaviors among Russians during the COVID-19 pandemic: there was a decrease in medical and physical activities along with conditionally stable alcohol and tobacco consumption Men, people younger than 35, and those who did not have children were established to be less active in their interactions with official healthcare organizations and less concerned about their health. A size of a settlement where respondents resided had certain influence on their physical activity (more than 80 % of rural residents pointed out they did not do sports regularly). Addictive behaviors depended on sex, age, and having a partner: men and those respondents who were either married or cohabitated with a partner smoked and drank alcohol much more often. Certain socio-demographic groups tended to replace health protection practices with risky behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women, elderly people and single people tended to become less active as regards healthcare (and many of them remained non-active in the post-pandemic period). In addition to that, single respondents tended to become less physically active during eh pandemic. Addictive behaviors were more typical for men and employed people. Based on the obtained empirical data, the ‘pandemic’ period is described as a stage that does not facilitate occurrence and maintenance of greater adherence to health protection behavior among Russian citizens. Given low levels of trust in the public healthcare and high anxiety, lower medical activity of population has become an entrenched risk behavior pattern as regards health during the ‘post-pandemic’ period as well. It seems highly advisable to develop effective complex programs on health protection for different population groups including those aimed at making healthcare more available, conducting relevant preventing activities, and raising people’s awareness about value of health and ways to protect it.

Risky health-related behavior of Russians: dynamics and impact factors

The review analyzes health risk behaviors of Russians in the ‘pre-pandemic’ (2018–2019), ‘pandemic’ (2020–2021) and ‘post-pandemic’ (2022) periods. Risk behaviors of Russians have been studied in dynamics relying on the secondary analysis of the longitudinal database of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of the National Research University Higher School of Economics; also, factors able to induce changes in them have been established. Evidence is provided to prove a multidirectional dynamics in risk behaviors among Russians during the COVID-19 pandemic: there was a decrease in medical and physical activities along with conditionally stable alcohol and tobacco consumption Men, people younger than 35, and those who did not have children were established to be less active in their interactions with official healthcare organizations and less concerned about their health. A size of a settlement where respondents resided had certain influence on their physical activity (more than 80 % of rural residents pointed out they did not do sports regularly). Addictive behaviors depended on sex, age, and having a partner: men and those respondents who were either married or cohabitated with a partner smoked and drank alcohol much more often. Certain socio-demographic groups tended to replace health protection practices with risky behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women, elderly people and single people tended to become less active as regards healthcare (and many of them remained non-active in the post-pandemic period). In addition to that, single respondents tended to become less physically active during eh pandemic. Addictive behaviors were more typical for men and employed people. Based on the obtained empirical data, the ‘pandemic’ period is described as a stage that does not facilitate occurrence and maintenance of greater adherence to health protection behavior among Russian citizens. Given low levels of trust in the public healthcare and high anxiety, lower medical activity of population has become an entrenched risk behavior pattern as regards health during the ‘post-pandemic’ period as well. It seems highly advisable to develop effective complex programs on health protection for different population groups including those aimed at making healthcare more available, conducting relevant preventing activities, and raising people’s awareness about value of health and ways to protect it.

АНАЛИЗ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ ОСНОВНЫХ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ЖИТЕЛЕЙ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

The enlarged literature review concerning an important relevant dental problem related to caries spreading and its intensity, inflammatory periodontal diseases, non carious dental lesions, dentomaxillar abnormalities in the population living in the rural areas is presented.&#x0D; The aim of the study is to analyze the epidemiology of main dental diseases in the population living in the rural areas according to the review of the modern scientific literature for the period since 2013. &#x0D; Methodology. To write this article the analytical work on studying data taken from the special available literature was carried out. The scientific library resourses such as PubMed Central and Elibrary were used. The search of original publications was done using key words to get relevant results. 43 scientific sources were included in the review.&#x0D; Results and conclusion. The modern scientific data concerning incidence and degree of manifestation of key pathologies of oral organs and tissues such as carious process, gingivitis and perodontitis, malocclusion, non carious dental lesions (mainly-hypoplasia, fluorosis) were systematized as well as the estimation of prosthesis quality of teeth and dental sets of teeth in the rural population living both in Russia and abroad was given. The clinical significance of the work is to know a real incidence of dental diseases in the different regions of the country and develop complex preventive programs taking into consideration the territory peculiarities. The perspective way for studying is to reveal risk factors of the dental diseases development paying attention to the association with the oral health, social deprivation, diet, hygiene, bad habits and stress which have to improve dental health in the population living in the rural areas.

Navigating competing demands in monitoring and evaluation: Five key paradoxes

Evaluation in complex programs assembling multiple actors and combining various interventions faces contradictory requirements. In this article, we take a management perspective to show how to recognize and accommodate these contradictory elements as paradoxes. Through reflective practice we identify five paradoxes, each consisting of two contradicting logics: the paradox of purpose—between accountability and learning; the paradox of position—between autonomy and involvement; the paradox of permeability—between openness and closedness; the paradox of method—between rigor and flexibility; and the paradox of acceptance—between credibility and feasibility. We infer the paradoxes from our work in monitoring and evaluation and action research embedded in 2SCALE, a program working on inclusive agribusiness and food security in a complex environment. The intractable nature of paradoxes means they cannot be permanently resolved. Making productive use of paradoxes most likely raises new contradictions, which merit a continuous acknowledging and accommodating for well-functioning monitoring and evaluation systems.

Analysis of structures with arbitrary kinematic boundary conditions by the semi-analytical finite element method

The successful application of FEM to the analysis of structures is largely due to the efficiency of the use of modern software packages, in connection with which the role of program systems that implement the solution process increases. The correct organization of the computing complex, the choice of optimal algorithms for solving systems of linear and nonlinear equations largely determine the possibilities of the method in terms of the structural complexity of the objects under consideration, the accuracy of the results obtained, and the complexity of setting nonlinear problems. Therefore, there is an increased interest in the development of fairly universal computing complexes based on FEM. One of the effective software complexes is the "Strength" system, designed to conduct comprehensive research in the field of mechanics of a deformable solid, the basic principles of construction of which are used in this work in the implementation of a semi-analytical version of the FEM.&#x0D; In this work, solutions of a significant number of control problems of deformation of massive and thin-walled prismatic bodies under different boundary conditions and loads are obtained. In the process of solving new problems, the estimation of the convergence of results was carried out on the basis of a sequential increase in finite elements and contained terms of decomposition, an increase in the accuracy of systems of linear and nonlinear equations, and the accuracy of satisfaction with natural boundary conditions was checked. The developed effective method for solving new complex problems of deformation of prismatic bodies is implemented in the form of complex programs and can be used in design and construction practice in construction, mechanical engineering and other fields of technology.

Developing Bespoke High Volume Low Complexity (HVLC) Theatre Lists With a Focus on Training to Address the Impact of COVID-19: A Pilot Study.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on both healthcare delivery and surgical training. There have been significant efforts to manage the growing elective waiting list backlog whilst addressing the training deficit. We outline a successful pilot high volume low complexity (HVLC) program held at the Croydon Elective Centre between 2021-2022 which aimed to amalgamate training and elective recovery. Methods Two pilot HVLC training lists were carried out in June 2021 and March 2022. Three parallel theatre lists on each date were supervised by a single consultant floor trainer. All lists followed a standard pre-defined HVLC protocol. Trainees and trainers were invited to participate and encouraged to utilize these lists to sign off relevant work-based assessments. HVLC cases included hernia repairs and simple lesion excisions. Patient, theatre staff, and trainee experiences were collated via questionnaires. Results A total of one consultant supervisor, six trainers, and eight trainees participated in the pilot with a total of 34 elective procedures performed on 29 patients. The mean patient age was 52.4 years with 8 out of 29 patients being female. Of these patients 41.4% were American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) Classification one, 51.72% were ASA two and 6.9% were ASA three. No patients to date werereadmitted to the hospital post-operatively or presented with post-operative complications. One hundred percent of trainees felt satisfied with the training and would recommend it to a colleague. Conclusion The training deficit that developed during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave has been compounded by the second and third waves, and trainees are concerned that further waves are anticipated. Returning to operating is vital and our approach has been shown to improve training, whilst maintaining patient safety and accelerating elective waiting list recovery.

Assessing the implementation of a comprehensive quality management system for cross-sectoral psycho-oncology in Germany

IntroductionQuality management in healthcare is essential for safe, effective, and patient-centered services. Quality management systems (QMS) monitor and improve healthcare quality. Integrating QMS is crucial for optimal quality of care, but previous studies show gaps in integration. This study aims to assess program adherence to a QMS in cross-sectoral psycho-oncological care and to develop strategies for better integration, ultimately improving healthcare quality. Materials and methodsThe study used a utility analysis to assess the program adherence of a cross-sectoral psycho-oncology care program using a 5-point scale. The evaluation process involved breaking down the program into distinct areas, and used key figures and developed indicators to assess adherence. Descriptive statistics were used. ResultsThe study conducted a comprehensive assessment of program adherence in a complex care program, analysing 4460 evaluation cases based on 128 quality indicators. The results showed a score of 4.2 out of 5 points (84%), indicating a highly effective implementation of the QMS. Notably, the study observed successful implementation of top-down elements, while encountering more challenges in integrating bottom-up aspects. ConclusionThe study demonstrates effective implementation of a comprehensive QMS. Successful integration was observed in areas such as care concept, care management, quality assurance, and IT-based documentation, while challenges remain in quality development and indicators. Active leadership involvement, staff training, data collection, and a learning culture are essential for successful implementation. Future research should assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of QMSs and develop tailored approaches to sustain healthcare professionals’ motivation in quality improvement efforts.

Reminder design and childhood vaccination coverage

A major policy concern across public vaccination programs is non-compliance. Exploiting Danish population data and three national reforms in regression discontinuity designs, we document the effects of reminders for childhood vaccination coverage. Retrospective reminders are primarily effective for families with small children and when sent out close to the recommended vaccination age. Digital and postal reminders are equally effective. Prospective reminders increase timely vaccinations in later childhood and help reaching high coverage for new vaccines in increasingly complex vaccination programs. While reminders prompt additional preventive care for focal children, we find no spillovers to other health behaviors or relatives.

Patient Willingness to Use a Pharmacy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Service: A National Survey of U.S. Adults.

We aimed to understand U.S. adults' willingness to use a pharmacy-based fecal immunochemical test (FIT) distribution service for routine colorectal cancer screening called PharmFIT using Diffusion of Innovation Theory, evaluating patient's appraisals of the program's relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity. From March to April 2021, we conducted a national online survey of 1,045 U.S. adults ages 45 to 75. We identified correlates of patient willingness to use PharmFIT using structural equation modeling. Most respondents (72%) were willing to get a FIT from their pharmacy for their regular colorectal cancer screening. Respondents were more willing to participate in PharmFIT if they perceived higher relative advantage ($\hat{\beta}$= 0.184; confidence interval, CI95%: 0.055-0.325) and perceived higher compatibility ($\hat{\beta}$ = 0.422; CI95%: 0.253-0.599) to get screened in a pharmacy, had longer travel times to their primary health care provider ($\hat{\beta}$ = 0.007; CI95%: 0.004-0.010). Respondents were less willing to participate in PharmFIT if they were 65 years or older ($\hat{\beta}$ = -0.220; CI95%: -0.362 to -0.070). Most U.S. adults would be willing to participate in PharmFIT for their routine colorectal cancer screening. Patient perceptions of the relative advantage and compatibility of PharmFIT were strongly associated with their willingness to use PharmFIT. Pharmacies should account for patient preferences for these two traits of PharmFIT to increase adoption and use. Pharmacy-based colorectal cancer screening may be a viable public health strategy to significantly increase equitable access to screening for U.S. residents.

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY FOR DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE MIGRATION

Building scalable and resilient systems has become a common practice using microservices architecture. Large and complex programs may be split up into manageable components that can be created and deployed separately. Migrating from a monolithic to a microservices architecture is a challenging process that needs careful planning and execution. In this article, we provide a method for migration to a microservices architecture that is based on accepted best practices and industry standards. Three essential phases make up our framework: assessment, design, and execution or Implementation. The assessment stage involves analyzing the existing monolithic application to identify potential microservices candidates. In the design stage, we create a high-level architecture and define microservices boundaries. The implementation stage focuses on building and deploying microservices, along with the necessary infrastructure and tooling. Additionally, we discuss best practices and lessons learned from practical microservices migration projects. Our framework offers a structured approach to organizations seeking to migrate to microservices architecture. Key Words: Monolithic Architecture, Microservices Architecture, Migration Framework

Visual Attention Patterns in Finding Source Code Defects

Existing research used visual effort metrics to determine the visual attention patterns of participants with varying skill levels while finding source code defects. While most of the findings of these studies agree on the results for fixation count metrics, there are differences in the results for fixation duration metrics. Therefore, there is a need for further investigations on the use of visual effort metrics to determine the difference in the visual effort of experts and novices between multiple programs. Thus, we aimed to identify the factors affecting the varying results on fixation duration metrics and validate the results on fixation count metrics. We used visual effort metrics to identify the visual attention patterns of high and low-performing students engaged in defect-finding tasks on multiple programs. We performed statistical tests on the total fixation count, fixation counts on the error lines, total fixation duration, and fixation duration on the error lines to determine the difference in the visual attention patterns between the groups. Among the fixation metrics used, only the total fixation duration metric revealed a significant difference between the high and low-performing students across all programs. High-performing students spent less time on simple programs with simple error types but spent more time on complex programs with logical and semantic error types. In contrast, low-performing students focused more attention on easy programs with one or more syntax errors compared to high-performing students. The results of this study could shed some light on the contrasting findings of previous studies regarding fixation duration. These findings suggest that visual attention patterns of high and low-performing students may vary on multiple programs. The amount of visual effort exerted by the group depends upon the program’s complexity, location of errors in the source code, type of errors injected, and the number of lines of code. This implies that the time spent finding the errors may be associated with the characteristics of the programs and the location and type of injected errors. Therefore, researchers must provide detailed information on these characteristics when describing differences in visual effort metrics between subjects engaged in bug-finding tasks.

Developing voluntary attention in primary school children as part of sensorimotor integration program

Introduction. In the modern world, rapid development of IT and large volumes of information make attention a leading cognitive process which ensures a student’s learning success. The study aims to research the impact of sensorimotor integration programs on attention development in primary school children. Materials and methods. The study was based in the municipal autonomous educational institution ‘Secondary educational school No. 150’ in Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation) with 43 children of primary school age (2nd grade). The Bourdon test determined the level of attention properties development in children before and after the experiment. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to statistically process the data. Results. A special methodology was designed for building a curriculum on sensorimotor integration for primary schoolchildren, aimed at developing voluntary attention. The training program comprises cycles of exercises for developing and strengthening the abilities of a specific attention function. A methodology was created for pedagogically assessing the effectiveness of testing a complex sensorimotor integration program meant to develop the basic properties of attention: concentration, stability and volume. After the formative experiment, repeated diagnostics revealed statistically significant progress in all these properties in the experimental group compared with the control group at a significance level of α &lt; 0.05. Conclusion. Along with the development of attention properties indicators in primary school children, the experiment revealed an improvement in indicators of other mental functions, namely, short-term and long-term memory and thinking. The new program for developing attention through sensorimotor integration can be recommended to improve the learning processes for children with physical and developmental disabilities.

Cascade equilibrium stage relaxation method by introducing equilibrium efficiency parameter

Optimizing multistage processes, such as distillation or absorption, is a complex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. Relaxing integer into continuous variables and solving the easier nonlinear programming (NLP) problem is an optimization idea for the multistage process. In this paper, we propose a relaxation method based on the efficiency parameter. When the efficiency parameter is 1 or 0, the proposed model is equivalent to the complete existence or inexistence of the equilibrium stage. And non-integer efficiency represents partial existence. A multi-component absorption case shows a natural penalty for non-integer efficiency, which can assist the efficiency parameter converging to 0 or 1. However, its penalty is weaker than the existing relaxation models, such as the bypass efficiency model. In a simple distillation case, we show that this property can weaken the nonconvexity of the optimization problem and increase the probability of obtaining better optimization results.

Single-Event Multi-Level Surgery in Cerebral Palsy: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Single-Event Multi-Level Surgery (SEMLS) is a complex surgical programme in which soft tissue contractures and bony torsional deformities at the ankle, knee and hip, in both lower limbs are surgically corrected during a single operative session, requiring one hospital admission and one period of rehabilitation. The aim of SEMLS is to improve gait and function in ambulant children with cerebral palsy. Utilisation of the SEMLS concept can reduce the number of surgical events, hospital inpatient stays and reduce rehabilitation requirements to a single intensive episode. Three-dimensional gait analysis is a pre-requisite to plan intervention at multiple anatomic levels to correct fixed deformities and to improve gait and function. Materials and Methods: This study was a bibliometric analysis of SEMLS in cerebral palsy using the Clarivate Web of Science Core Collection database from 1900 to 29 May 2023. Results: A total of 84 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most highly cited article was "Correction of severe crouch gait in patients with spastic diplegia with use of multilevel orthopaedic surgery" by Rodda et al. (2006) with 141 citations. The most productive institutions by number of articles were the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne (Australia), Murdoch Children's Research Institute (Australia) and University of Melbourne (Australia). The most productive author by number of citations was HK Graham (Australia). Conclusions: The literature base for SEMLS consists largely of retrospective cohort studies. The aforementioned three institutes in Melbourne, Australia, which frequently collaborate together, have contributed the greatest number of studies in this field.

EndoQuad: a comprehensive genome-wide experimentally validated endogenous G-quadruplex database.

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical four-stranded structures and are emerging as novel genetic regulatory elements. However, a comprehensive genomic annotation of endogenous G4s (eG4s) and systematic characterization of their regulatory network are still lacking, posing major challenges for eG4 research. Here, we present EndoQuad (https://EndoQuad.chenzxlab.cn/) to address these pressing issues by integrating high-throughput experimental data. First, based on high-quality genome-wide eG4s mapping datasets (human: 1181; mouse: 24; chicken: 2) generated by G4 ChIP-seq/CUT&Tag, we generate a reference set of genome-wide eG4s. Our multi-omics analyses show that most eG4s are identified in one or a few cell types. The eG4s with higher occurrences across samples are more structurally stable, evolutionarily conserved, enriched in promoter regions, mark highly expressed genes and associate with complex regulatory programs, demonstrating higher confidence level for further experiments. Finally, we integrate millions of functional genomic variants and prioritize eG4s with regulatory functions in disease and cancer contexts. These efforts have culminated in the comprehensive and interactive database of experimentally validated DNA eG4s. As such, EndoQuad enables users to easily access, download and repurpose these data for their own research. EndoQuad will become a one-stop resource for eG4 research and lay the foundation for future functional studies.