Complex Digital Model Research Articles

GESTURAL DESIGN - HAND TRACKING FOR DIGITAL DRAWING

Computational design is increasingly interested in the active feedback between the user/designer and the digital space. Often, our initial instinct as designers comes from a gesture, a movement of the hands that gets translated into sketches and 3D models via the tools available to us. While the physical realm allows for muscle memory, tactile feedback, and creative output via movement, digital design often negates the body of the designer as it sequesters us into a screen-mouse-hand relationship. Moreover, current CAD software tools often reinforce this standardization, further limiting the potential of physical bodily gestures as a vehicle for architectural form-making. Seeking new opportunities for a gestural interface, this research explores how Machine Learning and parametric design tools can be used to translate active movements and gestural actions into rich and complex digital models without the need of specialized equipment. In this paper, we present an open-source and economically accessible methodology for designers to translate hand movements into the digital world, implementing the MediaPipe Hands tracking library. In developing this workflow, this research explores opportunities to create more direct, vital links between expressive gesture and architectural form, with an emphasis on creating platforms that are accessible not only to design experts, but also the broader public.

Моделирование грузового тарифа на контейнерные перевозки железнодорожным транспортом в РФ

Objective: To develop proposals for improving freight rates for container transportation by rail in the Russian Federation in the current context. Methods: Comparative method, analysis, synthesis, statistical method, and system approach have been applied. Results: Multi-factor complex digital models of rates per wagon with containers and per container train have been developed. One of the options for the algorithm for evaluating individual components of these models is proposed, additional comments to the presented models are provided. Practical importance: The findings can be used to improve freight rates for container transportation by rail in the Russian Federation in the current context, as well as for further research in the field of pricing.

Formation of Orthogonal Components of Input Currents in Microprocessor Protections of Electrical Equipment

The methods used in the microprocessor protection of electrical equipment for forming orthogonal components of input currents ensure their reliable isolation after changing the mode followed by one or more periods of the fundamental frequency. This is due to the inertia of the functional elements, in particular, digital frequency filters, as well as the saturation of the steel magnetic cores of current transformers. To increase the speed of the selection of orthogonal components of the input currents, it is proposed to form them as equivalent ones in terms of the cosine and sine components obtained using digital Fourier filters by multiplying by the resulting coefficient. The method that has been developed for determining the specified coefficient provides compensation for the delay caused by the inertia of digital filters, as well as the saturation of the steel of magnetic cores of current transformers. The proposed method of forming orthogonal components is highly effective in the modes of strong saturation of the magnetic core with a complex input action in the presence of an aperiodic component with a large damping time constant. The evaluation of the efficiency of the proposed method was performed using a complex digital model implemented in the dynamic modeling environment MatLab-Simulink. As a result of the performed studies, it was found that in the absence of saturation of the magnetic core of current transformers, as well as in the presence of a small and medium degree of saturation, the proposed method for forming equivalent orthogonal components of input currents has dynamic properties close to the ones of those that had been previously proposed. With a strong saturation of the magnetic core of current transformers, the speed of obtaining reliable values of these components is increased by 1.5–2 times.

Time-lapse electromagnetic and gravity methods in carbon storage monitoring

For geologic carbon storage (GCS), monitoring of the storage reservoir and detection of secondary plumes if they accumulate outside of the reservoir are important to confirm that the injected CO2 stays where intended. Seismic methods are most often applied but are expensive. Due to cost considerations, especially for long-term monitoring, less expensive techniques play a role when designing monitoring networks. In this article, the merits of gravity and electromagnetic (EM) methods as monitoring tools for GCS are presented. Many of the technologies are well established, and several new technologies are on the horizon. EM and gravity techniques are complementary to seismic methods and together provide better subsurface monitoring. Time-lapse multiphysics joint inversion, including seismic, EM, and gravity, could be a game changer for carbon storage monitoring. The trade-off between the sensitivity or resolution to a given plume size and the associated costs will be an important factor in selecting efficient and reliable monitoring arrays at GCS sites. Complex digital models representing geology encountered at storage sites can be used for this purpose and present another cost savings.

Development of Digital Models of Interconnected Electrical Profiles for Rolling–Drawing Wire Mills

The latest development trend in rolling industry is the combination of various technological operations in continuous production lines. In the production of long products, the combination of rolling and drawing processes looks promising. A wire drawing mill developed by the team of authors of this work belongs to the conceptually new, integrated lines. The creation of new integrated rolling mills requires a research phase, where relevant concepts are scrutinized using the methods of mathematical modeling. This requires the development of digital (Digital Twin) models that reliably describe the technological processes. It seems efficient to create a Digital Twin for individual units, with their subsequent integration into a complex digital model. This approach was applied in the development of models of electrical systems for the new line. Such models should take into account a wide range of real-life physical relationships. At the same time, a three-high continuous train of stands with an idle inter-stand is the least studied technological unit of the new mill. The absence of an electric drive of the middle stand determines the particulars of deformation processes and the stands’ interconnections through the processed metal. To date, a comprehensive study of such objects has not been carried out. Therefore, the task of studying this technological unit is of immediate interest. The presented publication is devoted to the development of digital models of deformation zones of drive stands and idle stands, as well as of their relationship through the processed metal. The task is solved using the example of an operating pilot production line that implements rolling technology with an idle stand. The authors describe individual Digital Twins and present the structure of the complex model of the studied unit. The most important purpose of the model is to use it in the development of a control method for electric drives of stands to ensure the stability of the rolling process. The developed method should provide a reduction in energy consumption due to the use of friction force reserves present in the idle stand. The authors also substantiate the control principle based on continuous monitoring and alignment of critical angles in the deformation zones of the drive stands. The paper describes a structure of the control system and explains the technical implementation of this principle. The results of mathematical modeling and oscillograms of typical transient processes are presented. The advantages provided by implementing the proposed control method are shown. The work provides an indirect confirmation of the adequacy of the model to the physical object. Recommendations are given on the use of the developed Digital Twin in the study of rolling processes on sheet and sectional mills.

Complex development of a digital platform of the agricultural economy

This paper describes the key points in the development of a digital platform for the agrarian economy of Russia. The main problems of transition of the Russian economy to a digital format of work, development, expansion of digital literacy, ways of solving the problems of digitalization of agricultural production are revealed. The creation of complex digital models of production processes in agriculture will increase the productivity of the business of agricultural producers. This requires generally valid agricultural production management systems with hundreds of parameters and analysis of big data, which includes the formation and algorithmization of management: equipment, devices, things, processes, money supply. Each platform is built on the management of the processes of crop production, livestock production, logistics of supply and sale. The basis of the digital platform which is being created as a knowledge platform that reflects the availability of professional staff in creating the necessary programs and providing farms with new IT opportunities to increase productivity. Thus, according to our research, improvement of digital infrastructure can be attributed to the main directions of development of digital technologies in the agricultural sector; updating the human resources of citizens by reducing the digital divide; orientation towards the use of domestic scientific and technical developments; development of domestic technologies correlated with scientific developments. A comprehensive scientific and technical program should also include a training system for the development and functioning of digital agriculture, and this requires the modernization of the entire educational process in agricultural educational institutions.

Metaverse – how is it in Russian? About the Construction of the Russian sector of the Metaverse

The article from various angles examines the topic of the so-called "metaverse" that has suddenly become "fashionable". The authors raise the question of the origins, history, and the real degree of novelty of the term and the real objects and processes designated by it. They concluded that the qualitative novelty of the metaverse concept is somewhat exaggerated: it describes (reflects) only the next stage in the development of virtual simulations, or, in other words, web 3.0. At this level, complex spatial configurations of sensory interfaces become possible, but there is no complete immersion of a person into an imaginary (programmed) world: a person is aware of the virtual nature of the sensations offered to him. However, according to the authors, not such amusements, but opportunities, and prospects for the use of complex digital models in new economic and social processes are interesting. The authors raise the question of the possibility and necessity of developing the "Russian sector of the metaverse" and state their views on the ways of such development.

Современные подходы при создании системы управления техническим обслуживанием контрольно-измерительными приборами и автоматики на нефтегазодобывающих предприятиях

The article presents the issues related to the architecture design of the control systems for maintenance and automation of measurement equipment, that includes various subsystems and elements as components for the organization of business processes for the maintenance of large industrial enterprises. Those systems take into account the current realities when creating complex digital models and the place of such systems in the information space. The functional requirements that the control system must meet during implementation are defined, and the approaches to the development and updating of service standards are proposed. Taking into account the general trend that consists in the increasing amount of information collected and processed from the field level, a variety of technological objects, as well as the increasing autonomy and complexity of control systems, the task of organizing timely maintenance and repair, and processing of the results using traditional methods, is becoming unsolvable. The ensuring of an independent assessment of the quality and timeliness of work, the impossibility of misrepresenting information about the service is becoming the key point to build transparent relationships in service organization. This article describes the methods and algorithms of business processes necessary to design and implement such systems. Based on the described methodology, an information system was developed, and an assessment of the economic effect was carried out using the results of its implementation and adaptation

Optimal design of the dual-axis tracking system used for a PV string platform

This work deals with the optimal design of the dual-axis solar tracker used for a PV (photovoltaic) string platform. The solution of the dual-axis mechanism was developed starting from the monoaxis version (for the diurnal movement), which was outlined in a previous paper. With reference to the initial monoaxis mechanism, the diurnal movement subsystem was simplified from a structural point of view; while adding the actuating and motion transmitting mechanisms for adjusting the elevation angle of the panels, the same type of linear actuator is being used for both the movements. The optimization study was carried out in a virtual prototyping environment, through the development of complex digital models (which integrate not only mechanical, actuating, and control components, but also algorithms for the solar radiation modeling), and two major optimization directions are being targeted: The geometric optimization of the mechanism, with the purpose of determining the optimal arrangement of two linear actuators while respecting several design constraints; the optimal design of the tracking program, with the purpose of maximizing the energy gain of the dual-axis system with reference to the equivalent fixed system (without tracking). The physical prototype of the tracking system was developed on the basis of the virtual prototype specifications, the experimental and simulation results, which are quite well correlated (especially in sunny days), proving the performance of the proposed design.

Images and Chants for a Digital Model of the Cosmos

This paper introduces a digital model of the cosmos in the twelfth century, as envisioned in sight and sound by the Benedictine polymath Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179). Ours is a thirty-five-minute full-dome digital model that takes Hildegard’s vision of creation from her illuminated theological treatise Scivias and brings it from page to public. The model uses the twenty-two speakers in Notre Dame’s Digital Visualization Theater (DVT) for the music, recorded by students in the Sacred Music Program at Notre Dame. Creating the work required the construction of a model depicting stages of the ‘Cosmic Egg’ - from Hildegard’s description of a Big Bang within a dark chaos to a spinning and zoomable globe that grows through six ‘days’ of development - each with appropriate music composed by Hildegard, as another aspect of her cosmological understanding. This complex digital model of the cosmos and its stages of creation, read theologically, ushers in a new mode of scholarly investigation: one that joins music, art, cosmology, and theology, and moves these into the world of the digital humanities, to promote a broader understanding of the Middle Ages.

FROM CAD TO DIGITAL MODELING: THE NECESSARY HYBRIDIZATION OF PROCESSES

Abstract. The essay deals with the themes of digital representation of architecture starting from several years of teaching activity which is growing within the course of Automatic Design of the degree course in Engineering/Architecture in the University of Trento. With the development of CAD systems, architectural representation lies less in the tracking of a simple graph and drawn deeper into a series of acts of building a complex digital model, which can be used as a data base on which to report all the stages of project and interpretation work, and from which to derive final drawings and documents. The advent of digital technology has led to increasing difficulty in finding explicit connections between one type of operation and the subsequent outcome; thereby increasing need for guidelines, the need to understand in order to precede the changes, the desire not to be overwhelmed by uncontrollable influences brought by technological hardware and software systems to use only in accordance with the principle of maximum productivity. Formation occupies a crucial role because has the ability to direct the profession toward a thoughtful and selective use of specific applications; teaching must build logical routes in the fluid world of info-graphics and the only way to do so is to describe its contours through method indications: this will consist in understanding, studying and divulging what in its mobility does not change, as procedural issues, rather than what is transitory in its fixity, as manual questions.