Complex Active Systems Research Articles

Expansive learning in the learning assistant model: how instructors’ goals lead to differences in implementation and development of LAs’ practices

BackgroundThe learning assistant (LA) model supports student success in undergraduate science courses; however, variation in outcomes has led to a call for more work investigating how the LA model is implemented. In this research, we used cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) to characterize how three different instructors set up LA-facilitated classrooms and how LAs’ understanding and development of their practices was shaped by the classroom activity. CHAT is a sociocultural framework that provides a structured approach to studying complex activity systems directed toward specific objects. It conceptualizes change within these systems as expansive learning, in which experiencing a contradiction leads to internalization and critical self-reflection, and then externalization and a search for solutions and change.ResultsThrough analyzing two semi-structured retrospective interviews from three professors and eleven LAs, we found that how the LA model was implemented differed based on STEM instructors’ pedagogical practices and goals. Each instructor leveraged LA-facilitated interactions to further learning and tasked LAs with emotionally supporting students to grapple with content and confusions in a safe environment; however, all three had different rules and divisions of labor that were influenced by their perspectives on learning and their objects for the class. For LAs, we found that they had multiple, sometimes conflicting, motives that can be described as either practical, what they described as their day-to-day job, or sense-making, how they made sense of the reason for their work. How these motives were integrated/separated or aligned/misaligned with the collective course object influenced LAs’ learning in practice through either a mechanism of consonance or contradiction. We found that each LA developed unique practices that reciprocally shaped and were shaped by the activity system in which they worked.ConclusionsThis study helps bridge the bodies of research that focus on outcomes from the LA model and LA learning and development by describing how LA learning mechanisms are shaped by their context. We also show that variation in the LA model can be described both by classroom objects and by LAs’ development in dialogue with those objects. This work can be used to start to develop a deeper understanding of how students, instructors, and LAs experience the LA model.

Characterizing the Janus colloidal particles in AC electric field and a step towards label-free cargo manipulation

In recent years, researchers have been exploring Janus particles, a unique type of colloidal system, which has gained enormous attention across diverse fields, from soft matter physics to biology. These particles, possessing an asymmetric surface, can be manipulated in the fluid using external energy sources. This versatility makes them suitable for mimicking biological systems and applications like cargo transportation, drug delivery, biosensing, and environmental cleanup. The study focuses on the response of metal-dielectric (Ti-PMMA) Janus spheres in the AC field, created through the Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) technique. When subjected to a uniform AC electric field, these particles exhibit different dynamic behaviors at various frequency ranges. The particles show diverse responses from induced-charge electrophoresis (ICEP: 500 Hz-80 kHz) to reversed motion (r: ICEP:100 kHz-1 MHz) and linear chain formation (1 MHz). Additionally, they randomly cluster near the lower characteristic frequency (800 Hz) of the ICEP, whereas they exhibit the 3D motion at frequencies (100 Hz) below this lower characteristic value. The mechanisms behind these dynamic phenomena could be explained by considering the concept of electric double layer (EDL), self-dielectrophoresis (sDEP), dipolar interactions, hydrodynamic interactions, and electrothermal effects. These active Janus Colloids are further leveraged to manipulate 1 µm diameter PMMA passive microparticles and E. coli bacteria at 1 kHz, showcasing their potential applications in cargo delivery under various microfluidic research areas. The manipulation of payloads could be explained based on dielectrophoretic trapping due to locally generated field gradients around the surface of the Janus sphere. Therefore, the present work offers an unprecedented opportunity to study such out-of-equilibrium complex active matter systems and create novel functional materials. Moreover, it could also be extended as a fuel-free microrobotics system for various biomedical applications such as sensing and on-demand drug or cargo delivery inside the microfluidics chamber.

Optimal FLC-Sugeno Controller based on PSO for an Active Damping System

In this paper, a method for the design of an optimal Sugeno model (FLC-Sugeno) fuzzy logic controller for the active suspension system of quarter-vehicle models is presented. The parameters of the FLC-Sugeno controller are optimally searched, using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The 16 optimized parameters include 3 parameters for adjusting the domain of the input state variables and control variables at the controller’s output, 4 fuzzy set adjustment numbers of the linguistic variables, and 9 parameters as the fuzzy rule weights of the rule system control. To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of the optimal FLC-Sugeno controller, an optimal PID controller using PSO is also implemented. Simulation results of the active damping system with the controllers when affected by the same type and standard road surface excitation show that the FLC-Sugeno controller is optimal for the quick ending of the oscillations of vehicle body displacement. The result shows that the proposed controlling scheme can be extended and applied to more complex active damping system models.

Методи та засоби фізичної реабілітації для постраждалих від російсько-української війни

The issue of determining the characteristics of adaptive physical culture using physical and sports rehabilitation for persons injured as a result of war is updated in the context of the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The study established that a component of medical rehabilitation is physical rehabilitation, which mobilizes the functional reserves of the body. The special importance of adaptive physical culture in this process has been revealed. It has been determined that medical rehabilitation includes a complex system of therapeutic, pedagogical, social, psychological and physical activities. Attention is focused on the role and physical rehabilitation. It occupies one of the main places in the complex of rehabilitation methods. The study considers therapeutic physical culture as one of the main and widespread means of physical rehabilitation. Modern Ukrainian scientists distinguish between different types of adaptive physical culture. The article provides characteristics of adaptive physical education, adaptive physical rehabilitation and adaptive sports. It has been established that for effective physical rehabilitation a number of psychocorrectional methods for regulating post-traumatic conditions can be used. In particular, we are talking about the method of rational psychocorrection and debriefing of the stress of critical situations. The main tasks of debriefing are identified. Methods of mental self-regulation and methods of personality-oriented psychotherapy are specified. In the context of a review of current publications on the research topic, it was found that the topic of providing psychological and correctional assistance to former combatants for their adaptation and rehabilitation in everyday life is increasingly relevant. According to the study results, it is summarized that rehabilitation can have temporary but significant success, resulting in dramatic improvements in quality of life. The identified personality traits of people who saw and participated in hostilities and maladaptive manifestations of their behavior and reasons should be taken into account when organizing rehabilitation activities with her.

Pilgrim's meta-anthropology theology in the philosophy of law: the law of combined vessels

The scientific article examines such an aspect of the multidimensionality of the philosophy of law as the metaphysical law of connected vessels, which operates in the natural-supernatural legal space. It is proven that the filling of metaphysical vessels is carried out by the spirit (reflection, inertia) of the places of power contained in earthly supernatural benevolent phenomena. Therefore, ordinary excursions to these places are called pilgrimage trips. At the same time, the pilgrimage has a meta- anthropological character and is realized meta- anthropologically, that is, physically, mentally and spiritually. As a result, a person acquires moral (elementary and higher) qualities, necessary existential and transcendental qualities. The meta- anthropological law of connected vessels supports the legal harmony of the universe. The definition of pilgrimage theology is presented for the first time. Pilgrimage is beneficial for bodily calmness, gives rise to the feeling of acquired bodily dirt, impurity, because dirty actions cling to everyone, they are actions of evil. After all, carnal fornication is a kind of unclean power, which is directed so that a person does not fulfill the ontological bodily principles, leads a promiscuous lifestyle, does not control himself, and therefore creates such elementary moral standards that would approve dirty actions.
 The philosophy of law resorts to such profound, as if too elementary, banal norms in order to prevent significantly visible violations. Pilgrimage is one of the methods of prevention of physical offenses, which can prevent the destruction and effect of the spiritual law of connected vessels in the universe.
 The philosophy of the metaphysical law of connected vessels has a visible side - the influence of the fruits of bodily pilgrimage on the permanent formation of the factory of elementary morality, the springboard for the development of elementary virtues. This factory should be improved every time thanks to the pilgrimage and contribute to the development of new rules of righteous earthly life, understanding of the essence of existential and transcendental things. Even such fruits of the ordological pilgrimage as strengthening a careful attitude of a person to nature and the world, forming a physical code of health for oneself, removing oneself from a consumerist material state, limiting oneself in material needs, etc. do not allow violation of the law of connected vessels. From this we can draw a conclusion about the deep essence of the philosophy of law, the fundamental principles of law, the law in general, and human morality. After all, the physical behavior of a person is often inadequate to the actions of the law of connected vessels. In order to combat this inadequacy, humanity, society, and the state resort to creating a complex system of law enforcement activities, but tangible results are still insufficient. Pilgrimage to places of strength will give much more.

Measuring response functions of active materials from data

From flocks of birds to biomolecular assemblies, systems in which many individual components independently consume energy to perform mechanical work exhibit a wide array of striking behaviors. Methods to quantify the dynamics of these so-called active systems generally aim to extract important length or time scales from experimental fields. Because such methods focus on extracting scalar values, they do not wring maximal information from experimental data. We introduce a method to overcome these limitations. We extend the framework of correlation functions by taking into account the internal headings of displacement fields. The functions we construct represent the material response to specific types of active perturbation within the system. Utilizing these response functions we query the material response of disparate active systems composed of actin filaments and myosin motors, from model fluids to living cells. We show we can extract critical length scales from the turbulent flows of an active nematic, anticipate contractility in an active gel, distinguish viscous from viscoelastic dissipation, and even differentiate modes of contractility in living cells. These examples underscore the vast utility of this method which measures response functions from experimental observations of complex active systems.

Development of an airfoil-based passive volumetric air sampling and flow control system for fixed-wing UAS

This study aims to develop a concept of a passive volumetric flow control system for gas sampling applications onboard fixed-wing UAS based on the pressure field around airfoils. The passive flow control system utilizes the aerodynamics of a UAS to create a vacuum pump effect that ensures constant gas sampling, which can be used to facilitate airborne aerosol and gas measurements. The pump effect is achieved by short-circuiting the pressure field’s minima and maxima points around an airfoil through pipes and 3D printed structures that could function both as a pump system and a gas measurement chamber. The design of this structurally integrated functionality brings many advantages for scientific applications, especially onboard small research UAS, which would dispense entirely with complex active pump systems, thus reducing weight and ensuring gas sampling at a constant volumetric flow rate independent of altitude and atmospheric variance. In favor of developing further applications, this paper outlines the development steps of the passive pump concept starting from the theory and numerical modeling of the effect to the implementation on board a fixed-wing UAS. Finally, possible improvements based on numerical models and flight measurements are discussed.

Guided Inquiry into a Physics Equation

We present the theoretical argument that the use of mathematics in physics can be productively conceptualized as using a language and that learning to make sense of physics equations and appropriating them into novel scientific inquiry can be understood as a process of learning to read fluently with a high level of reading comprehension and to express one’s thoughts in writing. The data are drawn from a longitudinal ethnographic account of a high school student’s year-long research apprenticeship, in which a significant part of the work required the derivation and interpretation of an advanced physics equation (the phase velocity of waves in liquids). The analysis examines in different timescales the extended learning process as a complex activity system. The findings illustrate empirically how this type of learning can be productively analyzed by researchers and instructionally implemented by teachers or mentors as engagement in practices, a perspective that complements more standard cognitivist accounts of mathematical sensemaking. We highlight productive pedagogical and discursive instructional moves that facilitated this process and explicitly connect them to the learning they induced in terms of change in the student’s participation. While constrained by the scope of this case study, the concrete, microanalytic account of the learning process concretizes some of what physicists do with equations and suggests pathways to teaching students to meaningfully participate in this practice.

Exigențe metodologice ale educației estetice vizând dezvoltarea limbajului vizual la studenții arhitecți

This article contains ideas about the importance of visual language development for architecture students. Our field of research falls into the issue of methodological approaches with an emphasis on the development of visual language within specialized disciplines, complemented by a complex system of extracurricular activities. We support the idea that the specific methods of aesthetic education must be actively applied in the development of visual language, having great value in the aesthetic and professional training of architecture students. The present study aims to synthesize the results of some investigations carried out in this problematic area, determining the theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of the visual language of architectural students from the perspective of aesthetic values.

Modeling of magnetic cilia carpet robots using discrete differential geometry formulation

Cilia broadly exist in a wide range of living systems. The metachronal waves generated by arrays of beating cilia are essential for realizing complex biological functions, such as locomotion and transportation, which have inspired the design in advanced engineering systems, e.g., programmable cilia-inspired soft robots. However, due to lack of efficient dynamic modeling and numerical explorations on such complex active systems, design and control of cilia-inspired soft robots usually involve empirical approaches or highly time-consuming numerical simulations. Here, we report a numerical framework based on the discrete differential geometry (DDG) for the dynamic analysis of bio-inspired cilia carpet robots powered by external magnetic field. The active cilia is modeled as discrete magneto-elastic rods (DMER) and the carpet by discrete elastic plate (DEP) method, which are geometrically rigorous frameworks for the nonlinear mechanics of flexible structures. The clamped-type connection between slender cilia and thin carpet is achieved by introducing a special coupling element between rod segments and triangular carpet surfaces. The intersection-free contact and frictional interaction between soft robots and rigid ground is captured based on incremental potential energy theory and lagged dissipative principle, respectively, and, therefore, the constrained elastodynamic system equations can be solved implicitly through a variational approach. Two types of typical dynamic locomotion – crawling and rolling – are considered to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our numerical method. The results show that the locomotion efficiency of the robot depends on the structural design. We also demonstrate that the crawling pathways (e.g., turning) can be programmed via selective actuation. This computationally efficient dynamic framework can not only provide insights on fundamental understanding of the biophysics of microorganisms, but also provide guidelines on the optimal design of cilia-inspired soft robots for biomedical applications.

Writing fluency instructional practices for college-level multilinguals in a U.S. intensive writing course: From an activity theory perspective

This study examined how one teacher conceptualized writing fluency for college-level emergent multilingual students and how instructional practices of writing fluency supported the development of the teacher’s conceptualization and pedagogy of writing fluency in an intensive English writing course. From an activity theory perspective, I conducted an interpretive case study at a large state university in the Northeastern United States. Drawing on activity systems analysis, I analyzed multiple data sources: interview transcripts, field notes, and analytic memos. First, findings revealed that the teacher conceptualized writing fluency as the ability to make a quick association of cognitive, linguistic, and social elements for written communication by navigating the competing objects and interplay of the complex and concurrent activity systems of the teacher, institution, and students. Second, findings demonstrated that prompted writing, blackboard writing, and freewriting practices supported the teacher in developing her conceptualization of the practice of writing fluency: prompting emergent multilingual students to make a quick association of cognitive, linguistic, and social skills for written communication; advising the students to complete written work in a short time and learn from each other through the in-the-moment peer assessment; and facilitating the students’ free associations of diverse topics in a self-directed way. This study has implications for teachers, researchers, and policymakers who invest in curriculum development and classroom instruction of writing fluency for college-level emergent multilingual students.

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ СОСТАВНЫХ КРИТЕРИЕВ ДЛЯ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ТЕРМОВ И ОБОБЩЕННОГО ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ БАЗ ЗНАНИЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ

The purpose of the research is to develop the concept of systematization of the knowledge base and solving problems of information cybersecurity of systems and when making search decisions based on the construction of a structured semantic content model of terms of a scientific and theoretical nature describing complex active systems. Research methods: statistical analysis, hypothesis testing methods, machine learning methods, reliability models, evaluation type models used in testing reliability indicators, parameters of behavioral systems. The result obtained: The result obtained: experimental results of the application of reliability evaluation models and consent criteria to different sizes of knowledge bases are discussed and the evaluation of the results of measuring the reliability index on these components, taking into account the failure rate, is given. The description of generalized algorithms for the functioning of evaluation and forecasting components, as well as their applicability to solving problems in the field of information security, is given. A general model of a spatial network is proposed, within the framework of which the subject carries out risk management by effectively, in one sense or another, distributing the homogeneous resource at his disposal between its nodes. For the implementation of decision-making, more optimistic criteria than the minimax criterion are recommended. Scientific novelty: consists in the development of mathematical models to maintain the logical and physical integrity of the knowledge bases of cybersystems using the desirability function and consent criteria. The basic requirements for ensuring reliable behavior and operability of an information system using oriented databases are highlighted and described. It is postulated that the best information system reliability is achieved through the use of automated monitoring systems using knowledge bases for continuous monitoring and periodic analysis of cybersystem objects with tracking the dynamics of changes in the event space.

Роль фандрейзингу в умовах розширення джерел фінансування ініціатив вітчизняних суб’єктів господарювання: міжнародний досвід та особливості застосування у час війни

During the last eight years, since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war, some volunteer organizations that were created to help the Ukrainian army were able not only to expand their activities, but also to transform into charitable organizations with a defined management structure and areas of activity. In order to ensure the effective functioning of such entities, it is necessary to attract constantly financial resources, in particular, for medium- and long-term planning of their work. Fundraising is one of the ways to accumulate resources, particularly financial. There are various forms of co-financing and fundraising that strengthen the organization, including those ones engaged in foreign economic operations, both financially and contribute to the expansion of partnership. Therefore, modern volunteer organizations are a successful example of such tools implementation. In fact, funds are most often raised for charitable foundations, public organizations, etc. with the help of fundraising. However, in the modern realities of Ukrainian entrepreneurship, the use of fundraising tools can be used to preserve and develop the potential of domestic companies engaged in foreign economic operations in wartime. It was found that various scientists define the concept of fundraising as a complex system of activities or a method of communication. It has also been clarified which tools are used to implement the fundraising process within the framework of the activities of non-profit organizations and those engaged in foreign economic operations. Some peculiarities of fundraising activities in the United States of America were identified in terms of the high level of development of a democratic society, in particular, the importance of image, gaining customer loyalty, and holding physical events. By the way, an example of the successful attraction of financial resources by the charitable foundation “Povernys zhyvym” (“Come Back Alive”) as one of the most famous in Ukraine is given. Recommendations for domestic enterprises engaged in foreign economic operations seeking to attract financial resources for socially oriented projects are highlighted and listed.

S01 Providing policymakers with the evidence and practices to act and improve lives through physical activity

Policymakers often lack the evidence to drive change and improve the lives of citizens through physical activity. This symposium will discuss how two unique global programs, ‘Active Citizens Worldwide' (ACW) and ‘Sport Impacts: Children' (SIC), have bridged the gap between academia and policymakers. Combining advanced data analytics, the latest in health, social and economic research and global benchmarking these programs have delivered unique insights on the drivers and outcomes of physical activity.ACW is a city-based programme formed through a collaboration of 4 cities: London, Stockholm, Singapore and Auckland. The project uses advanced analytics on large datasets covering entire cities to inform policymakers' efforts to enhance participation levels, and to calculate the monetary and non-monetary value that sport and physical activity has on society. Previously unrelated datasets have been integrated to provide completely new analytical insights on the true drivers of the complex physical activity system including facility access, and mindsets and motivations.This is combined with systematic modelling of the broad range of outputs and outcomes of physical activity including health, social, and economic benefits.This standardisation in modelling approach and analysis has enabled multiple cities to compare, benchmark and learn from each other. ACW ultimately enables cities to understand what is working and what is not in their city, and thereby design policies with the best chance of improving their city's health, wealth and wellbeing.Using a similar approach, the SIC initiative is a unique cross-sectorial collaboration between top national sports bodies, charities and academics in England. Through this partnership each organisation shared national participation, workforce and facility databases as well as recent primary research, which was analysed and modelled to give a holistic overview of the drivers and outcomes of childhood participation in sport. This analysis shows that the access to and benefits of sport and physical activity is not equal between different demographic groups. Preliminary findings have also indicated which type of sports and activities contribute the most value to children and their communities. This has led to the creation of a strong evidence base of the social and economic impact of childhood physical activity and sport in England, which is already being used by sport bodies and policymakers to re-evaluate their approaches to childhood participation.These programs illustrate how a collaborative approach using data and analytics has connected research with policy and practice and lead to substantial impacts in countries around the world.Organizer and speaker: Elena Portas, Chair: Charlie Cowen,

Identification of Suitable Areas for Concentrated Development in Colombo Municipal Council Area, Using GIS Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation

More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, which are becoming increasingly congested because of uncontrollable population growth. Zoning is an essential tool in successful urban planning which is a method used to regulate the land use and making concentrated development zones. Defining this concentrated area need to follow some scientific method, because urban areas are connected with complex activity system and different indicators are used to find out those activity systems. Hence different indicators are needed to find the concentrated development zone. GIS based Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method can be used to identify the different suitability in urban planning perspective. Colombo is one of the emerging cities in South Asia as well as it is the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. Even though there are under- utilized lands available, it is difficult to get the highest and best use from present use. On the other hand, city need to address the demand for commercial and other developments. This study aims to identify most suitable areas for concentrated development within Colombo Municipal Council area. A GIS based multi­criteria analysis was used to identify the most suitable areas for concentrated development with the criteria of Roads, Population density, Building density, Railway stations, Underserved settlement and Sewer network. The outcome shows that several areas within Colombo Municipal Council area have the potential for concentrated development, yet some areas of concentrated development zone does not. Further four criteria were used for urban growth evaluation which includes: Slope, land fertility, distance to urban center, and distance to road. The final suitability map identified four levels for suitability as Very High, High, Moderate and Low. Keywords: Suitability analysis, Multi Criteria Evaluation, Zoning Plan, Concentrated zone

Anisotropic colloidal particles near boundaries

Anisotropic colloidal particles are regularly found in applications ranging from health to energy. These particles, typically with non-uniform shape or surface chemistry, interact with boundaries in unique ways, offering pathways to complex assemblies and active systems. Work in this field over the past two decades rapidly advanced, with the last five years seeing significant innovation. One common thread joining many studies and applications is that of the presence of boundaries in the form of a nearby wall or neighboring particle. Asymmetry introduced by a neighboring boundary often leads to unique and surprising particle dynamics from the resulting anisotropic surface interactions. Herein, we provide background for the area, some recent distinctive examples, and describe recent work from our group developing a technique to measure surface interactions of anisotropic particles. Note that we focused on anisotropic “colloidal” particles with the size ranging from 0.1 to 10 μm in the presence of externally or internally generated fields. Within this context, we then motivate and describe recent work from our group developing an ultra-microscopy technique called Scattering Morphology Resolved Total Internal Reflection Microscopy. Finally, we finish the perspective article by identifying challenges and providing an outlook for the field.

Seawater intrusion and hydrogeochemical processes in the Ischia Island groundwater system

Ischia is a volcanic island located NW of the Gulf of Naples (South Italy). The island of Ischia is a structurally complex hydrothermal active system that hosts a fractured aquifer system whose geometry and hydraulic properties are still partly unknown. The aquifer system of Ischia, composed mainly of Quaternary volcanic deposits and marine sediments, exhibits physically and chemically heterogeneous waters. The intense seismicity and hydrothermal activity are expressed by numerous fumaroles and thermal springs, which have been exploited since ancient times, promoting, and supporting the world-renowned tourist activities that constitute the main economic activity of the island. The aim of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical processes in the Ischia aquifer system. Also, we calculated the proportion of seawater in the aquifer system of Ischia using historical hydrogeochemical data relative to two sampling campaigns. Sixty-nine groundwater and thermal spring samples collected in July 2000 were analyzed and compared with previously published data to identify the changes in seawater contribution. The sample analysis shows that different physicochemical processes occur in the groundwater of Ischia Island, where recharge water, seawater and deep fluids interact and overlap with different intensity. The calculated saline factor indicates a seawater content of up to 70% in some samples near the coast, suggesting that seawater intrusion is the main process in these areas. Later data show that seawater intrusion increases around the coastline with up to 93% seawater content. Finally, data analysis shows that although a change in chemical composition is observed, no variation in thermal water temperature is recorded over time.

Psychological and pedagogical support of educators-to-be in speech development of young children

The article defines the essence of the concept of "psychological-pedagogical support" as a complex system of activities for the organization of optimal conditions and partner support on the part of teachers, realizing opportunities for self-discovery, revealing the creative potential, abilities, inclinations, interests and motives, forming a sense of self-worth and striving for self-realization through the active application of scientific achievements for each student of higher educational institution. The main emphases of scientists regarding interaction with young children in the field of speech development, which should be taken into account by practitioners, are analyzed: the existence of two parallel spheres of speech communication: communication with adults and communication with children; the effect of imitating the speech of an adult; considering speech as an accompanying activity without which no other child's activity can take place fully. Numerous approaches that ensure the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical support of educators-to-be in planning and organizing forms of interaction with young children are highlighted: reflexive, axiological, competence-based. The algorithm for psychological and pedagogical support of educators-to-be is outlined: determination of the level of ideas and awareness of the psychological characteristics of young children; awareness of the patterns of speech development of young children; understanding the differential selection of effective forms of interaction with children, giving preference to modern methods and techniques; modeling of forms of partnership interaction with parents of pupils; case testing of various forms of interaction during practical training in early childhood groups; presentation of positive experience in various educational circles. The peculiarities of modern forms of interaction with children are analyzed, attention on indirect and direct forms of interaction on the development of speech is focused.

Considerations on Countering the Actions Aimed at Banning Access and Restricting Freedom of Action (A2AD)

Abstract Each state seeks to protect its territory from external threats using a wide range of forces and means, which combine the strike power with increased possibilities of detection given by the use of modern technologies. In this regard, we can see that some states have developed complex active and passive defense systems with the purpose of banning access and controlling certain key areas and aimed at both discouraging potential aggressors and protecting vital interests. For states with regional or global ambitions, the successful conduct of access operations in the area of operations, in a permissive, semi-permissive or hostile environment must be a priority. Access operations in a semi-permissive or hostile environment involve the use of tailored capabilities to deal with the opponent’s defense system and to overcome A2AD’s abilities.

Using program yield to guide dental educational process improvement.

Dental education is a complex system of activities repeated on an annual cycle. Small adjustments are constant in an effort to improve the overall performance of the process. While it is possible to evaluate each change in isolation against standards particular to their circumstances, it is ultimately necessary to ensure that the set of changes has an overall positive impact on the program as a whole. It is valuable to have a school-wide criterion for choosing the best portfolio of constituent activities. This perspective piece describes the use of one such standard: program yield, defined as the proportion of students who are recognized as competent practitioners within a few months of the anticipated graduation date. The success of one program that used this approach is described. It is also suggested that dental education is a cyclical process that involves the four classical components of the quality movement. These are described as Goal, Experience, Assessment, and Refection in this paper. This is the first of three related perspectives. The other two are devoted to quality assurance and improvement and the challenge of transferring innovations published in the literature to application in other schools. The common theme in these perspectives is the value of driving improvement in dental education by focus on the outcome variable.