Complete Process Research Articles

Research on User Experience during Interactions with Mobile Applications for Diabetics

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the appearance and structure of the application interface on task completion speed and user experience. Two data collection methods were used in the study: eye tracking and the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. Eye tracking provided information on eye movement and fixation while using the application, while the SUS questionnaire helped evaluate the overall usability level and user satisfaction. Three applications were examined (mySugr, Diabetes diary control from Google Play, and one proprietary application implemented for the purposes of the study. It was found that the proprietary SugarCare application characterized by a simple, modern, and readable interface achieved the highest results in terms of task completion times and SUS questionnaire scores. The mySugr application, which also has a clear and simple interface, took the second place. The Diabetes diary control application performed the worst, as it had a complex and less user-friendly interface. On the basis of the obtained results, mobile applications for diabetics with a clear interface proved to accelerate the task completion process and have a positive impact on user experience. These conclusions stem from the analyses of the metrics used indicating the benefits resulting from accessibility of simple and intuitive application interfaces in terms of efficacy and user satisfaction.

Simulation study on surface deformation of shallow buried coal seam mining in a gully area

Coal mining subsidence leads to frequent surface ecological and environmental problems. Due to the unique topographic conditions within gully areas, the deformation and damage characteristics, along with the evolution laws of the surface, have been difficult to analyze. To explore the surface movement and deformation law of shallow-buried coal seam mining in a gully area, this study designed a three-dimensional similar-material simulation test simulating the complete movement and deformation of the ground surface under real terrain conditions and proposed a complete data acquisition and processing scheme. Combined with the numerical simulation analysis, we utilized this scheme to analyze the dynamic influence law of coal seam mining in a gully area on the distribution of ground surface stress and displacement as well as on the dynamic characteristics of the ground surface damage. The results show that the existence of gully topography affects the stress distribution of the ground surface and the raw rock of the coal seams underneath and that there exists a stress concentration in the gully area of the ground surface. Furthermore, the mining activities of the coal seams lead to an increase in the degree of stress concentration in the gully area of the ground surface, and the slopes enter into the process of energy accumulation and sudden release, which makes the region prone to the occurrence of geological disasters such as landslides and collapses. In addition, the surface movement and deformation in the gully area are more intense, exceeding the plain area, and the surface movement is affected by the spatial location relationship between the mining area and the slope body, causing the center of the mining area to show obvious eccentricity characteristics. The results of this study provide a reference basis for the safe mining of coal mines in gully topography.

Metal sources and fluid pathways of karst-hosted Mississippi Valley-type Zn–Pb deposits in the fold-thrust belt: A case study of the Changdong deposit in the southeastern Himalayan-Tibetan orogen

The metal sources and fluid pathways for Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Zn–Pb deposits in fold-thrust belts remain open topics of debate. To develop a more comprehensive understanding of these issues, this study presents the sulfide morphology, S and Pb isotopes, and trace element data of the paleokarst-hosted Changdong MVT Zn–Pb deposit in the “Sanjiang” fold-thrust belt. Bulk Pb isotopic ratios for galena were homogenous and indicated potential metal sources. These sources include Triassic to Early Jurassic volcanic rocks at the western margin of the Simao Basin, Cenozoic intrusive rocks at the eastern margin, and Jurassic clastic rocks. The spatial distribution of the in situ Pb isotopic ratios, combined with the spatial relationship between the faults and ore bodies, suggest that the tensile faults acted as vertical pathways for the fluid. The galena grains displayed oscillatory zones of As and Sb elements, indicating that alternating ore-forming fluids with varying chemical compositions entered the local reservoir. The δ34SV-CDT values of sulfides in substage I range from −19.3 to 29.6 ‰, and in substage II, they range from −21.2 to 52.6 ‰. The high fractionation degree (approximately 38.9 ‰) and the presence of microspherulitic morphology suggest that the reduced sulfur originated from a bacterial sulfate reduction. A GGIMFis geothermometer revealed that the precipitation temperatures of substage I sphalerite ranged from 56.68 to 211.58 °C and were higher than substage II. This indicated that the mixing of Zn–Pb-bearing fluid with reduced sulfur was the main controlling factor for sphalerite precipitation, and the temperature decrease represented another important factor. In the fold-thrust system, the complete process of Zn–Pb mineralization was established as follows: the fluid extracted metals from regional rocks and then migrated laterally over long distances. During the regional transition from compression to extension, metal-bearing fluid was injected into the deposit along the normal faults through seismic pumping. The fluid was then mixed with reduced sulfur to precipitate Zn–Pb sulfides. This study provides new insights into the metal sources and fluid pathways of MVT Zn–Pb deposits developed in a fold-thrust belt.

From framework to industrial implementation: the digital twin in process planning

AbstractIn today’s fast-paced market, companies are challenged to meet increasing customer demands and shorter product life cycles. To successfully respond to these demands, companies must produce a wide variety of different products. This requires the determination of necessary processes and resources for each product, which can be difficult for process engineers due to the high manual effort and expertise involved. The current state of research has not yet provided explicit definitions of the necessary knowledge and has not fully achieved complete process planning automation. To address this challenge, a digital twin is a valuable tool for automating and understanding process planning. This paper presents a digital twin concept for process planning. It automatically analyzes the product, determines production processes, and selects appropriate resources by linking information about products, resources, and processes. The effectiveness of the digital twin concept is demonstrated through verified and validated use cases, including the production of a compressor element.

Monitoring checklist for the construction of light-woodframe houses

Light-woodframe emerges as a modern construction solution to compete with the masonry houses, due to similarities in competitive costs and low-trained labor. This informality contributes to troubles and problems, being identified as perceptible challenges for the building planning and management. A good tool to solve these difficulties consists in the use of a standard checklist during construction process activities, avoiding the negligence of necessary steps to complete the building project. This checklist indicates the systemic view of the complete process, acting as a facilitating and standardizing tool for the progress of on-site building works. To meet these demands, the present paper developed and proposed an organizational tool, materialized by a checklist presented in Appendix section of this paper, in order to monitor the construction process of wood-based houses through light-woodframe system. Due to detailed knowledge of each building phase, this user-friendly checklist adds values and offers organization routines for developers and suppliers. Printed checklists exclude the need of electronic devices on site, allowing copies for all workers. On building site, it allows controlling the systematization and progress of activities, providing a comprehensive systemic view of the work.

Inherently Reduced Expression of ASC Restricts Caspase-1 Processing in Hepatocytes and Promotes Plasmodium Infection.

Inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation facilitates innate immune control of Plasmodium in the liver, thereby limiting the incidence and severity of clinical malaria. However, caspase-1 processing occurs incompletely in both mouse and human hepatocytes and precludes the generation of mature IL-1β or IL-18, unlike in other cells. Why this is so or how it impacts Plasmodium control in the liver has remained unknown. We show that an inherently reduced expression of the inflammasome adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing CARD (ASC) is responsible for the incomplete proteolytic processing of caspase-1 in murine hepatocytes. Transgenically enhancing ASC expression in hepatocytes enabled complete caspase-1 processing, enhanced pyroptotic cell death, maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 that was otherwise absent, and better overall control of Plasmodium infection in the liver of mice. This, however, impeded the protection offered by live attenuated antimalarial vaccination. Tempering ASC expression in mouse macrophages, on the other hand, resulted in incomplete processing of caspase-1. Our work shows how caspase-1 activation and function in host cells are fundamentally defined by ASC expression and offers a potential new pathway to create better disease and vaccination outcomes by modifying the latter.

Mechanical Investigation of Solid MNs Penetration into Skin Using Finite Element Analysis

In the past two decades, microneedles (MNs) patches as a promising platform have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of drug drugs, cells, and active substances and extraction of bio‐fluids. To realize painless, efficacious, and safe transdermal delivery, these MNs must penetrate the skin to the appropriate depth without breaking or bending. Therefore, effective prediction of mechanical properties such as skin penetration of microneedles is crucial for the material and structural design of MNs. In this article, a numerical simulation of the insertion process of the microneedle into various types of skin modeling is reported using the finite element method. The effective stress failure criterion has been coupled with the element deletion technique to predict the complete insertion process. The numerical results show a good agreement with the reported experimental data for the deformation and failure of the skin and the insertion force.

Simulation and Validation of an Incremental Bending Process for Cylindrical Fuselage Components

In the aviation industry, a large number of processes are not digitalised. Simultaneously, many special processes are used in production, such as incremental bending. In order to model and efficiently design multi-stage processes with methods such as FEM, automation and linking of the individual simulations are necessary. This paper therefore presents a method for automatically simulating and evaluating a complete incremental bending process with 24 strokes in LS-Dyna using a Python framework with cfiles. The final validation of the force–displacement relationships and inner radii of the generated scaled fuselage shell show high prediction accuracies of about 90%. Thus, the presented methodology enables a FEM-based process design of incremental bending in the aviation industry.

Heterogeneous photosensitization for water reuse in cellars: evaluation of silica, spongin, and chitosan as carrier material.

Photosensitization, a powerful oxidation reaction, offers significant potential for wastewater treatment in the context of industrial process water reuse. This environmentally friendly process can be crucial in reducing water consumption and industrial pollution. The ultimate goal is to complete process water reuse, creating a closed-loop system that preserves the inherent value of water resources. The photosensitized oxidation reaction hinges on three essential components: the photosensitizer, visible light, and oxygen. In this study, we assess the performance of three distinct materials-silica, chitosan, and spongin-as carrier materials for incorporating the phthalocyanine photosensitizer (ZnPcS4) in the heterogenous photosensitization process. Among the three materials under study, chitosan emerged as the standout performer in reactor hydrodynamic performance. In the photooxidation process, the photosensitizer ZnPcS4 exhibited notable efficacy, resulting in a significant reduction of approximately 20 to 30% in the remaining COD concentration of the cellar wastewater. Chitosan demonstrated exceptional hydrodynamic characteristics and displayed a favorable response to pH adjustments within the range of 8 to 10, outperforming the other two carrier materials. To further enhance the efficiency of continuous operation, exploring methods for mitigating photosensitizer bleaching within the reaction medium and investigating the impact of different pH values on the process optimization would be prudent.

The Development of Civilization, Worldviews, Philosophy, Rationalism and Science as a Complete Process

The Development of Civilization, Worldviews, Philosophy, Rationalism and Science as a Complete Process

Design of Intelligent Controller for Aero-engine Based on TD3 Algorithm

Recently, higher structure complicacy and performances requirements of the aero-engine have brought higher demands on its control system. For the control of aerodynamic thermodynamic system, the intelligent control method with self-learning ability will be a promising choice. In the paper, we propose an aero-engine intelligent controller design method based on twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm. The method enables the intelligent controller to learn continuously according to the feedback of the environment and control the aero-engine. The paper takes the intelligent controller design of the JT9D turbofan engine as an example. First, the aero-engine control problem is described as a Markov decision process for deep reinforcement learning algorithms. Second, a complete intelligent controller design process is constructed by reasonably designing the network structure and reward function. Finally, the comparison simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The simulation results show that the TD3 controller outperforms deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) and the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) in the aero-engine control task. And the TD3 controller can realize the tracking control of low-pressure turbine speed with quick response and small overshoot.

The Potential of Dynamic Electrochemistry for Post-Processing of 3D-Printed Metal Parts

Creativity has no limits with 3D-printing of metals allowing the realisation of new geometries that cannot be provided by any other production method. Nevertheless it is a long way from an innovative idea to a 3D-printing based production process. The 3D-printed metal parts leave the printer with a significant amount of support structures fixed to the part, adhering metal powder and a surface roughness that is much too high for the technical application. While mechanical post treatment methods are mostly work, time and cost intensive they also cannot provide a proper finishing on sterically hindered parts and inner surfaces.Here chemically-electrochemically based methods, such as the Hirtisation® process, enable an integrated production process using the freedom in design of 3D-printing and additionally give an valid option for complete process automatisation that is required for standardisation and qualification of industrial serial production.While classical electro-polishing is failing to adress most of the issues resulting from the printing process, the use of dynamic electrochemistry, in terms of using current or potential pulses to finish the surface of the metal parts, provides a powerful toolbox for this application.This presentation will show the possibilities of dydnamic electrochemistry in terms of applying short current or potential pulses on 3D printed parts and will discuss the use of current pulses on different industrial relevant studies. A key factor for the success of such methods is a knowledge-based electrochemical tailoring of the actual current conditions at the metal surface and a deep understanding and adjustment of the material surface chemistry. Only by such an understanding of the different steps in the production chain and adjustment of these steps to each other, a constant and reproducible quality of the final products can be realised.

Light absorption characteristics of primary brown carbon during a complete residential biomass combustion process and their links with aerosol composition

Brown carbon (BrC) has been recognized as an important light-absorbing organic aerosol, and biomass combustion is the main source of BrC. Residential biomass burning is a heterogeneous process, and the dynamics of BrC optical properties during the burning process are still not well understood. Therefore, laboratory test equipped with online instruments (aerosol mass spectrometry and Aethalometer) of residential biomass burning was established to measure the optical properties of BrC. During a complete burn cycle, the light absorption characteristics at the flaming stage are generally similar for wood and crop straws, while it is distinctly different at the burnout stage. BrC contributes 0.141 to 0.609 to light absorption at UV region among different stages. The absorption emission factor and mass absorption cross section of BrC (MACBrC) at the flaming stage was significantly larger than that at the burnout stage. MACBrC was calculated and related to the aerosol composition, aromatic compounds (f77) and PAHs/OA were significantly positively related to MACBrC near the ultraviolet region, suggesting that aromatic compounds and PAHs are the vital contributors to the light absorption of BrC. This time-resolved study provides additional understanding of the dynamics of BrC optical properties during residential biomass burning processes. The results of this study will provide for more accurate assessment of the climate impact of BrC from residential biomass combustion.

REVOLUTIONIZING COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT: THE POWER OF DIGITAL BIOMARKERS AND ECOLOGICALLY VALID METHODS

Abstract Digital technologies have allowed neuropsychologists to utilize process-based approaches to assess cognitive function and change. Traditional methods of neuropsychological assessment involve obtaining single scores (often composites) to represent cognitive function. However, modern process-based techniques involve the use of digital data collection to acquire insights into both the manner and reasoning behind an individual’s performance. The present study will share insights into the task development and validation of active and passive digital cognitive assessments from two longitudinal studies of aging: (1) a study of non-dementia participants (N=322), ultra-brief mobile cognitive tests were administered up to six times per day for two weeks; and (2) a neuro-exergaming study (N=31) enrolling patients with MCI and their co-residing study partner, where participants used a study-provided tablet to complete a neuro-exergaming protocol and digital cognitive assessments (e.g., digital trailmaking and eStroop). We analyzed both traditional and process-based metrics in two studies, including mean response time and patterns of inaccuracy. Study one found significant correlations between MCI status and metrics for survey completion time, working memory, and processing speed. Study two found weak to moderate correlations between cognitive function measures from digital and paper-based neuropsychology. Our findings suggest that remote self-administered digital measures can detect subtle cognitive changes. The event-level data, which is collected through a process-based approach, has enormous untapped potential for discovering and confirming novel digital biomarkers of cognitive health and progression that can be monitored beyond clinical settings.

Observing coalescence of aluminum nanoparticles during burning using aluminum/ammonia perchlorate sandwiched films

To observe the agglomeration, an important parasitic process in metal composite combustion, sandwiched structures with laminates of aluminum (Al) and ammonia perchlorate (AP) layers are prepared and characterized by high-speed macro and microscopic imaging systems with pyrometry. The bilayer structure prepared by electrospraying was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and the composition was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal calorimetry (TGA/DSC). We found that the burn rate of the Al/AP sandwich films increases with the decrease of bilayer thickness of Al and AP, owing to the shorter diffusion distance between fuel and oxidizer. More importantly, the complete process of the agglomeration/sintering of Al nanoparticles (NPs) is observed in-situ, which demonstrates the different stages of agglomeration process of Al NPs. Temperature measurement from pyrometry reveals the temperature of agglomerates during combustion, consistent with the agglomerate size and burn rate observation. Simple calculations based on “pocket-theory” support the observed changes in agglomeration size with bilayer thickness.

Project-Based Learning In Speaking Skills Of Class X MAN Batu City Students

Learning Arabic speaking skills is very important in learning a foreign language because language is a communication tool. However, students experience difficulties in developing Arabic speaking skills. This is due to the lack of student motivation and practice in speaking Arabic. So a project-based learning strategy is used to overcome this problem. This learning process can make students more active and creative in learning to speak Arabic. This research was conducted to describe project-based learning strategies in speaking skills in the Arabic language learning process for class X MAN Batu City students. This research method uses descriptive qualitative, namely describing the data obtained. The data sources in this research are teachers and students of class X MAN Batu City. The data analysis technique used in this research describes the results of observations, interviews, student product results and student responses to the learning process. The findings of this research are that the project-based learning process for class X students' speaking skills at MAN Batu City can stimulate motivation and enthusiasm for learning. In conclusion, project-based learning aims to solve problems and teach students to think critically in the product completion process. The steps that teachers can use in the project-based learning process are: 1) determine the basic problem, 2) create a project plan, 3) work on the project, 4) present the product results, 5) assess, and 6) evaluate. The product results are used as a student portfolio to determine their learning progress. This learning strategy can be practiced by teachers in the process of learning Arabic or other foreign languages.

Towards enhancing ODS composites in laser powder bed fusion: Investigating the incorporation of laser-generated zirconia nanoparticles in a model iron–chromium alloy

Oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel is a sought-after composite material known for its high demand in high-temperature and corrosive environments. Achieving the desired ODS steel properties requires specific conditions for the size and nanoparticles (NP) distribution in the printed part. Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) enables precise NP size adjustment. At the same time, the dynamic melt pool solidification in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) process complements this by creating favorable conditions for successful ODS processing. In this study, ZrO2 NP with a small and narrow particle size distribution (d50 = 3.8 nm; d90 = 10 nm) is produced by LAL. Dielectrophoretic deposition achieves the homogeneous, deformation-free coating of the binary Fe20Cr (wt.-%) matrix powder with NP. PBF-LB/M printed parts out of the oxide-additivated powder exhibit a crack-free structure and a density of up to 98%. Expectedly, the metal matrix grain sizes and room temperature microhardness (~ 220 HV) are not affected by NP addition. NP tracing by 2D simulation indicates a homogeneous NP distribution and less than 10% NP to be agglomerated in the solidified part. Thus, a promising perspective for a complete laser-based process chain for generating and processing ODS alloys is outlined.Graphical abstractTable of Contents

Efficient ensembles of distance‐based label ranking trees

AbstractEnsemble of label ranking trees (LRTs) are currently the state‐of‐the‐art approaches to the label ranking problem. Recently, bagging, boosting, and random forest methods have been proposed, all based on the LRT algorithm, which adapts regression/classification trees to the label classification problem. The LRT algorithm uses theoretically grounded Mallows probability distribution to select the best split when growing the tree, and an EM‐type process to complete the rankings on the training data when they are incomplete. These two steps have proven to be accurate, but require a large computational effort. This article proposes two alternative methods that replace the use of the Mallows distribution with distance‐based criteria to select the best split at each inner node of the tree. Moreover, these distance‐based criteria allow dealing with incomplete rankings natively, so avoiding the completion process. We have carried out an extensive experimental evaluation, which shows that (1) the integration of the two proposed modifications to the LRT algorithm into ensemble methods (bagging and random forest) are an order of magnitude faster than using the original Mallows‐based LRT algorithm; (2) ensembles using the proposed LRT methods are significantly more accurate in the presence of incomplete rankings, while they are at least as accurate in the complete case; and (3) the two modified LRT algorithms are also an order of magnitude faster than the Mallows‐based LRT, while they are at least as accurate as the Mallows‐based LRT on both complete and incomplete rankings.

Research and analysis of problem-solving strategies of conic section in high school mathematics

The conic section is a crucial part of high school mathematics and usually plays the role of tough problem in examinations. Hence, this dissertation will use the literature analysis method to introduce the mathematical background of the conic section to enable students to know about the conic section more clearly and explain the basic concept of the conic section such as the first and second definitions of conic section, then introduce some second level conclusions such as focus length formula and average property of parabola. After that, this dissertation will provide some conic section problems in past exam papers and corresponding problem-solving processes to show how to use the basic concept and these common second-level conclusions of the conic section, then summarize the train of thought of the conic section. For choice questions and fill-in-the-blank questions, combining the condition given by questions with the first definition and second common level is important, and for questions that need to write the complete process, setting parameters and Vieta theorem is essential, and for extremely complicated problems, special methods such as homogenization can be considered to reduce the calculation.

SEAM: An integrated activation-coupled model of sentence processing and eye movements in reading

Models of eye-movement control during reading, developed largely within psychology, usually focus on visual, attentional, lexical, and motor processes but neglect post-lexical language processing; by contrast, models of sentence comprehension processes, developed largely within psycholinguistics, generally focus only on post-lexical language processes. We present a model that combines these two research threads, by integrating eye-movement control and sentence processing. Developing such an integrated model is extremely challenging and computationally demanding, but such an integration is an important step toward complete mathematical models of natural language comprehension in reading. We combine the SWIFT model of eye-movement control (Seelig et al., 2023) with key components of the Lewis and Vasishth sentence processing model (Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). This integration becomes possible, for the first time, due in part to recent advances in successful parameter identification in dynamical models, which allows us to investigate profile log-likelihoods for individual model parameters. We present a fully implemented proof-of-concept model demonstrating how such an integrated model can be achieved; our approach includes Bayesian model inference with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling as a key computational tool. The integrated Sentence-Processing and Eye-Movement Activation-Coupled Model (SEAM) can successfully reproduce eye movement patterns that arise due to similarity-based interference in reading. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever integration of a complete process model of eye-movement control with linguistic dependency completion processes in sentence comprehension. In future work, this proof of concept model will need to be evaluated using a comprehensive set of benchmark data.