Complete Secondary Education Research Articles

Análise do estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e fatores socioeconômicos em pré-escolares de uma creche

Objetivo: Descrever o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e os fatores socioeconômicos de pré-escolares de uma creche. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo do tipo quantitativo. A amostra foi constituída por 108 pré-escolares de 2 a 5 anos. Foram avaliados o consumo alimentar, o estado nutricional e as condições socioeconômicas. Os instrumentos foram: Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA), questionário socioeconômico e medidas antropométricas. Resultado: A maioria era da raça parda/negra, o responsável possui ensino médio completo e renda de 1 a 2 salários mínimos. Em relação ao estado nutricional, a maioria foi classificada com eutrofia. Verificado consumo alimentar satisfatório de frutas, arroz e feijão. Baixo consumo de verduras e consumo moderado de bebidas adoçadas e fast foods. Conclusão: Os três fatores indicam que as famílias de baixa renda têm acesso aos alimentos marcadores de uma alimentação saudável o que favorece o bom estado de saúde desse grupo.

Specific aspects of training future philology teachers to form media competence of high school students

The author argues that the growing importance of forming spiritual and moral values of school children makes more acute the necessity to provide more efficient teaching of the philological subjects, which have significant pedagogical potential in the above area. Various aspects of the problem of teaching philological subjects at school have been researched by many Ukrainian and foreign scholars, however, nowadays there is an urgent need to determine possibilities and prospects for the application of various types of media resources within the teaching process by philology teachers, as well as ways of training future philology teachers to form students’ media competence. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to clarify specific aspects of training future philology teachers to form high school students’ media competence. The author analyzes various interpretations of the “media competence” concept and defines it as an integrative quality of a personality that provides the ability to operate competently and responsibly with media resources and use their materials in different life situations appropriately. The article also reveals specifics of the humanities and, in particular, philological cycle subjects, and analyzes the purpose of teaching subjects related to the educational field “Languages and Literature” (given in the State Standard of Basic and Complete General Secondary Education) to high-school students. The study has shown that the essence and content of media competence are substantially consistent with the purpose and objectives of studying the above subjects by high-school students. Pedagogically efficient usage of media resources when teaching humanities subjects in high school both provides the effective formation of students’ media competence and improves their educational achievements in this educational field. The author concludes that there is a necessity to provide purposeful training of future philology teachers to form media competence of high school students. This training should not only give the future teachers the knowledge about the essence of media competence and the specifics of its development in high school students but also let them master the skills in selecting optimal tasks for competence formation.

Factors Affecting Children Ever Born Among Reproductive Aged Women in Ethiopia; Data from Edhs 2016

There is a great concern about the levels, patterns and trends on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. This pattern can be affected by fertility, mortality and migration. Fertility is the key determinants of population dynamics in once country. The main objective was to identify factors affecting children ever born in Ethiopia, from EDHS 2016 data. Secondary data was used from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) which was collected from January 18, 2016 to June 27, 2016. The study population was women aged 15-49 years who were living in 2007 PHC selected enumeration areas in Ethiopia. Multilevel mixed effect negative binomial regression model was applied. Completing the primary level education (IRR=0.73, 95%CI=0.71-0.75), completed secondary level education (IRR=2.79 95%CI=1.69-4.60), place of residence (IRR=5.41, 95%CI=3.24-9.03), wealth index [poorer (IRR=0.71, 95%CI=0.52-0.98) and being richest (IRR=0.23, 95%CI=0.14-0.36)], gaining family planning information, using family planning service and occupation had effect on the number of children ever born. Religious types and women occupation category were also found to be significantly associated factor with the number of children ever born. Factors such as age, place of residence, religion, wealth index and educational level had significant effect on the number of children ever born in Ethiopia. The recommendation forwards the government to strengthened health service focusing on family planning service in Ethiopia. Family planning information communication and advocacy strengthened by the government. Improved family planning service awareness creation conducted on the religion aspects. The community participate in family planning health service, increase participation in education and listened information about family planning from different source. For the researcher, to do further researches to answered why these significant factor affect number of children ever born in Ethiopia.

Factors Associated with Attrition of Girls Students from School in Bangladesh

Many girls who enrolled in a school but didn’t complete elementary or secondary education, have become a serious problem in the last few decades in Bangladesh. Several studies have been conducted to identify the determinants of school dropout by constructing bivariate and multiple logistic regression (MLR) model. Bangladesh multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS) 2012 data were selected in this investigation. This study was based on girls aged between 15 and 17 years since all these girls should have been in school or have completed primary education. The backward stepwise method was used for model selection and fitting to the dataset. From 4800 girls, 29.1% were out of school and 70.9% were attending school. Backward stepwise method confirmed that girl’s marital status, area, division, wealth index, religion, mothers and father’s aliveness and household education were the major reasons of girl’s dropout and these covariates are only considered in the analysis. The MLR analysis showed that married girls were significantly (OR 11.06; 95% CI 9.05–13.56) more likely to attrition compared to unmarried girls. School-based programs aimed at preventing child marriage should target girls from the fifth grade because of their escalated risk, and they need to prioritize girls from disadvantaged groups.

The expenditures on complete general secondary education in the system of public expenditures

The expenditures on complete general secondary education in the system of public expenditures

Caracterização sociodemográficas de mães e recém-nascidos atendidos em hospital universitário da região oeste do Paraná

Objetivo: caracterizar as mulheres e crianças atendidas em hospital universitário na região oeste do Paraná segundo variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas identificando sua classificação de risco conforme preconiza o Programa Rede Mãe Paranaense. Material e método: estudo quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo, de desenho transversal. A coleta de dados foi em prontuários e entrevistas com as puérperas. Análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: obteve-se amostra de 385 puérperas, com idade média de 27 anos, a maioria 143 (37,14%) possui ensino médio completo, a renda média foi de até 2 salários mínimos para 183 (47, 53%), 195 (50,65%) foram classificadas como risco habitual e 94 (24,42%) como alto risco. Do total da amostra, 118 apresentaram doenças adquiridas, sendo prevalentes infecções do trato urinário em 36 (30,51%); Hipertensão em 25 (21,19%) e Diabetes Mellitus em 17 (14,41%). Conclusão: a população atendida pelo referido hospital, caracteriza-se por mulheres jovens, baixa renda e de risco habitual. Apesar do hospital ser referência para alto risco, a maioria dos partos foi normal. Este estudo pode embasar uma gestão mais adequada e direcionada às necessidades das mulheres.

Exames nacionais: a influência de pequenos factores

To construct external examinations is a complex and very serious matter. It is necessary time and the contribution of many people with complementary skills, who are specialists in various subjects (scientific, pedagogical and technical ones). Despite all this effort, a test always depends on many small factors. Small changes in quotations, the way one asks a question or the type of question chosen can have very marked effects in the grades of a test. Whatever the subject in analysis the fundamental question is: what are the national examinations for? If the examinations are to be the end of a cycle, i.e. the completion of secondary education, the way questions are placed and the distribution of quotations must follow a certain pattern if the examinations are meant to select students to access higher education the approaches to assume will be completely different. The option of using national exams as a way of select students to access higher education has been hijacking teachers who increasingly feel pressure to prepare students for exams instead of providing students with knowledge and skills. Universities and Polytechnics should assume their responsibilities and, in coordination with the Ministry of Education, take the initiative to select the students for Higher Education by releasing the national exams to fulfill their task, certifying the end of a cycle.

The attenuated end of the phenotypic spectrum in MPS III: from late-onset stable cognitive impairment to a non-neuronopathic phenotype

BackgroundThe phenotypic spectrum of many rare disorders is much wider than previously considered. Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome, MPS III), is a lysosomal storage disorder traditionally considered to be characterized by childhood onset, progressive neurocognitive deterioration with a rapidly or slowly progressing phenotype. The presented MPS III case series demonstrates adult onset phenotypes with mild cognitive impairment or non-neuronopathic phenotypes.MethodsIn this case series all adult MPS III patients with a mild- or non-neuronopathic phenotype, who attend the outpatient clinic of 3 expert centers for lysosomal storage disorders were included. A mild- or non-neuronopathic phenotype was defined as having completed regular secondary education and attaining a level of independency during adulthood, involving either independent living or a paid job.ResultsTwelve patients from six families, with a median age at diagnosis of 43 years (range 3–68) were included (11 MPS IIIA, 1 MPS IIIB). In the four index patients symptoms which led to diagnostic studies (whole exome sequencing and metabolomics) resulting in the diagnosis of MPS III; two patients presented with retinal dystrophy, one with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and one with neurocognitive decline. The other eight patients were diagnosed by family screening. At a median age of 47 years (range 19–74) 9 out of the 12 patients had normal cognitive functions. Nine patients had retinal dystrophy and 8 patients hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.ConclusionWe show the very mild end of the phenotypic spectrum of MPS III, ranging from late-onset stable neurocognitive impairment to a fully non-neuronopathic phenotype. Awareness of this phenotype could lead to timely diagnosis and genetic counseling.

ЧИТАННЯ ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ ЗАСІБ СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДИТИНИ: AКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОГЛЯДІВ В. О. СУХОМЛИНСЬКОГО

У статті акцентовано увагу на проблемі соціалізації дитини в суспільстві, її здатності до самоусвідомлення та самовдосконалення, до активної участі у соціальному житті країни. Зазначено, що в Законі України «Про освіту» визначено мету повної загальної середньої освіти – всебічний розвиток, виховання і соціалізація особистості. Проте відмічено, що сьогодні процес соціалізації особистості у закладах освіти набув характеру другорядності, поступившись першочерговістю процесу навчання. З’ясовано, що В. О. Сухомлинський виділяв школу як один з найважливіших соціальних інститутів, що забезпечує підготовку учнів до життя у суспільстві, визначає можливості особистісного, громадянського й професійного вибору. При цьому педагог вважав читання книг важливим засобом соціалізації дитини. Здійснений аналіз дав змогу стверджувати, що читання для Василя Олександровича виступало засобом уведення школярів в систему людських знань, формування уявлень про головні етапи життя людства. Зосереджено увагу, що Василь Олександрович Сухомлинський під час читання творів акцентував увагу на можливості показу моральної краси рідного народу, його уявлення про щастя: воно не лише у коханні, сімейному благополуччі, а й в усвідомленні правильно вибраного місця в житті, у прагненні до світлого майбутнього, у нерозривному зв’язку особистого і суспільного. Обґрунтовано, що у практичній діяльності Павлиської школи учні під час читання отримували знання, які були корисними для них в контексті загальнолюдських проблем; переорієнтації змісту з об’єктивно-байдужного на визначення його місця і ролі в соціокультурному аспекті; інтеграції різних знань щодо проблем становлення жінки і чоловіка.

Individual Versus Area Level Social Risk Measurement in the General French Population

Abstract Background Ongoing health policy changes include a move towards alternative delivery and payment models. In addition, the emphasis is put on social determinants as part of performance measurement and payment calibration. Most payers and policy makers rely on area-level socio-economic data, which can lead to sub-optimal. However, little is known about the agreement between individual and area-level variables. The objective was to assess the agreement between individual and area-level social risk variables in the general French population. Methods We used data from the CONSTANCES general-purpose cohort, a randomly selected representative sample of French adults aged 18-69 years. Data collected include socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, behaviors, and health data. We assessed the correlation or agreement between individual and area-level variables for 4 dimensions: household annual pretax income, secondary education completion, occupational group (workers), and unemployment. Results 115,263 individuals were included in the study, 53% female and aged 48 years on average. The median annual household income was 42,000 Euros (USD 50,400), 73% had completed secondary education, 7% were unemployed, and 9.3% were workers. The correlation between income measured at the individual and area level was positive but moderate (Rho=0.20; p < 0.01). Individuals having completed secondary education had a higher area-level median completion rate compared to those having a lower education level (48% versus 41%; p < 0.01). Unemployed individuals had a slightly higher area-level median unemployment rate compared to employed ones (11% versus 10%; p < 0.01). Lastly, workers had a higher area-level median probability to be a worker rate compared to other individuals ones (25% versus 18%; p < 0.01). Conclusions In the general French population, area-level socio-economic variables are poor proxies for individual-level social risk. Key messages Area-level socio-economic data is a poor proxy for individual data. Researchers and policy makers should move towards individual data.

Residential Mobility, Family Structure, and Completion of Upper Secondary Education - A Registry-Based Cohort Study of the Norwegian Adolescent Population.

Background:Longitudinal studies exploring the complex interplay between family structures and residential mobility on educational achievement and failure are lacking. We investigate the interplay between the number of residential moves during late childhood, parental education level, family living situation, and the probability of completing upper secondary education.MethodologyDetailed longitudinal data for a random sample of 30% of the entire Norwegian population born 1982 to 1989 (N = 121,247) and information on all their relocations between Norwegian enumeration districts from ages 10 to 18 years were extracted from the Norwegian population registries. Family structures were grouped into four intersectional family strata defined by combining categories of parental education level (distinguishing poorly educated and well-educated families) and the family’s living situation (comparing non-intact families with intact families). We applied two-level logistic regression models, which incorporated individual and family contextual factors, to estimate possible differences in completion rates of upper secondary education.ResultsNon-completion of secondary education (which constitutes 29% of the study sample) increases incrementally with the number of residential changes across all four family structures, but this effect was not distributed evenly between the different family strata. Individuals in “well-educated, intact families” seem to be least affected by residential moves. On the other hand, the highest disadvantage of frequent moves was among adolescents in the stratum “poorly educated, intact families.” In poorly educated families the probabilities of completing secondary school among non-intact and intact families converge toward each other as the number of moves increase. About 43% of the variation in school completion may be attributed to differences between families. The highest risk of school non-completion was found among adolescents in poorly educated families, which accounted for 74% of the non-completers.ConclusionWe demonstrated underlying links between residential mobility and family structures on non-completion of upper secondary education. The adverse effect of frequent moves calls for attention in schools, public health agencies, and housing policies. The findings should be considered in a life course perspective, as the accumulation of unfavorable conditions during childhood and adolescence tends to constrict future prospects in terms of health and quality of life.

Not in education, employment, or training (NEET) and risk of alcohol use disorder: a nationwide register-linkage study with 485 839 Swedish youths

ObjectiveTo investigate to what extent being outside education, employment or training after completed secondary education in Sweden might affect the risk of subsequent alcohol use disorders (AUDs), with sociodemographic indicators,...

Changes in the Relationship Between Formal Education and Formal Employment Sector in Nepal Between 1995 and 2014

This paper uses seven individual-level surveys between 1995 and 2014 to analyse the hypothesis that formal education increases wage-employment and formal sector employment in Nepal. The results show that formal education has increased substantially. However, formal sector employment has remained relatively stable. Individuals with tertiary education are about twice as often employed in the formal sector than individuals without completed primary education. This relationship is less strong for secondary education (22%) and primary education (7%). The results further show that about half of the relationship arises from working in government-related sectors. The overall picture regarding the relationship between formal education and formal sector employment has remained similar over time. However, the strength of the relationship between completed primary and secondary education and formal sector employment has decreased over time. The relationship between tertiary education and formal sector employment has remained stable unless the government related sectors are excluded.

Predictors of completion of upper secondary education of young adults with severe physical and multiple disabilities in Finland

ABSTRACT Prior studies have shown that young adults with severe physical and multiple disabilities are less likely to complete upper secondary education. This study aimed to identify whether these students’ type of multiple disability, gender, location and literacy skills were associated with completion of upper secondary education. The participants were 74 young adults with severe physical disabilities (aged 19–22, M age = 20.2, SD = 1.16), of whom 39 (52.70%) had multiple disabilities. The data was gathered via the healthcare professionals’ instrument, Severely Disabled Youth’s Life Situation and Functioning of Service Systems in Finland. The results of chi-squared tests of independence indicated that having severe physical disability (other than cerebral palsy) with intellectual disability, location, and literacy skills were associated with completion of upper secondary education. The binary logistic regression showed that urban location and moderate or good literacy skills predicted completion of upper secondary education.

PROTOCOL: The effects of empowerment-based nutrition interventions on the nutritional status of adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries.

PROTOCOL: The effects of empowerment-based nutrition interventions on the nutritional status of adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries.

Analysis of etiological factors for emergence of endometrial hyperplasia in perimenopause

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible reasons for the emergence of endometrial hyperplasia in perimenopause. Material and methods: A total of 71 patients with irregular bleeding were analyzed, at the age of 40-50 years, who should have undergone diagnostic curettage. Depending on the histopathological findings, we divided them into 2 groups: group 1-findings for endometrial hyperplasia, group 2 - atrophic or endometrium with deficient secretory changes. Body mass index (BMI) was determined (obesity defined with BMI >30 kg/m2); we measured blood pressure (cut-off value was 135/90 mmHg), waist circumference (cut-off value was 88 cm) as well as data of anamnesis (age, physical activity, type of diet, smoking cigarettes). All these data were analyzed as etiological factors in the emergence of endometrial hyperplasia.Results: The mean age of patients was 47 years, and the results obtained were very similar in both examined groups. BMI and waist circumference were increased, more than 60% of patients had hypertension, but not all had a statistical significance. Most of them were with completed secondary education, and city living statistically significantly increases the risk of endometrial hyperplasia (p <0.05). As for the lifestyle (physical activity, caloric diet, smoking), the results have shown that a small number of patients are active, almost half of them consume caloric food and smoke, but without a statistical significance.Conclusion: Increased body weight and elevated blood pressure have a major impact on the onset and progression of pathological changes in the endometrium. As clinicians, we should always think of hyperplasia in obesity and patients with hypertension who are irregularly bleeding. At the same time, we should educate them to change the lifestyle in order to prevent gynecological and internistic morbidity.

An Internet-Based HIV Self-Testing Program to Increase HIV Testing Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Analysis.

BackgroundApproximately 30% of people living with HIV worldwide are estimated to be unaware of their infection. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to increase access to and uptake of testing among key populations who are at high risk for HIV infection.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the development and feasibility of a free, anonymous, internet-based HIVST strategy designed for men who have sex with men in Curitiba, Brazil (electronic testing [e-testing]).MethodsThe project was developed under the scope of the “A Hora é Agora” (The Time is Now) program. Individuals aiming to request an HIVST package (two tests each) answered an anonymous 5-minute questionnaire regarding inclusion criteria and sexual risk behavior. Eligible individuals could receive one package every 6 months for free. Website analytics, response to online questionnaires, package distribution, and return of test results were monitored via a platform-integrated system.ResultsBetween February 2015 and January 2016, the website documented 17,786 unique visitors and 3218 completed online questionnaires. Most individuals self-reported being white (77.0%), young (median age: 25 years, interquartile range: 22-31 years), educated (87.3% completed secondary education or more), and previously tested for HIV (62.5%). Overall, 2526 HIVST packages were delivered; of those, 542 (21.4%) reported a result online or by mail (23 reactive and 11 invalid). During the study period, 37 individuals who reported using e-testing visited the prespecified health facility for confirmatory testing (30 positive, 7 negative).ConclusionsE-testing proved highly feasible and acceptable in this study, thus supporting scale-up to additional centers for men who have sex with men in Brazil.

Information and Communication Technologies, Prenatal Care Services, and Neonatal Health

We evaluate the effectiveness of sending text messages to pregnant women containing prenatal care visit reminders, suggestions for healthy eating behaviors, and encouragements regarding vitamin intake during pregnancy. Our focus is on disadvantaged women living in the district of Ventanilla, Peru, with average per capita incomes equivalent to 1.8 times the poverty line. Our intervention increased the likelihood of full prenatal care attendance by 9 percentage points (19.6% with respect to the control group mean). Intervened women also reported slightly improved eating habits during pregnancy. However, we find no overall effects on vitamin intake compliance or birth outcomes. When exploring differential effects with respect to baseline educational attainment of mothers, no heterogeneity was found in terms of prenatal care attendance or eating habits. However, among women with complete secondary education, we find that the intervention also boosted vitamin intake compliance and improved newborn health as measured by the APGAR score.

The Investigation Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Toward Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among The Patients Of Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a common global public health problem and it is characterized by a group of risk factors in one person. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of cardiometabolic risk factors. Many people may not be aware of the risks for MS. MS is a condition which can lead to many complications including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitude and practices toward of cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with Metabolic Syndrome. A total of 140 adult subjects (78 males and 62 females) aged 35 years and over were included in this study. The sample group consisted of patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome from January 2018 to January 2019 who were admitted to the public hospital. Questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices toward behavior (CAP) related to CVDs disease risk factors. CAP scores were defined as poor, mean and good. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. ANOVA and post hoc tests were performed to determine within- and between-group differences. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: 55.8% of the participants were male, 25% were between 55-59 years of age and 44.3% completed secondary education, 32.2% were workers and 30% were lower secondary. Participants with high application scores significantly reduced BMI and WC, suggesting that better information and practices were associated with a reduction in CVDs risk markers in these patients. Good attitude scores were associated with education and Waist circumference (WC). As a result; Despite having a good attitude, MS patients did not follow good lifestyle practices to prevent CVDs. The results of this study require intensive training interventions to prevent complications in these patients.

Maternal obstetric and socio-demographic determinants of low birth weight: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Ghana

BackgroundBirth weight is an important predictor of early neonatal mortality, morbidity, and long-term health outcomes. Annually, approximately 20 million babies are born globally with weights less than 2.5kg. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of LBW is around 13 to 15 percent. In Ghana, 10% of babies born in 2014 were with LBW. The aim of this study was to identify maternal socio-demographic and obstetric risk factors associated with the birth weight of newborns in the Sunyani Municipality of Ghana.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study analysed data from 931 birth records of all deliveries between January 1 and December 31, 2017, at the Sunyani Municipal Hospital in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the effect of maternal factors on low birth weight.ResultsWe found that the mean age of the participants and the mean gestational age at birth were 27.21(SD = 5.50) years and 37.95(SD = 1.85) weeks respectively. Nearly 10% of the infants born within the study period had birth weights below 2.5kg. The findings revealed that the odds of delivering LBW baby were significantly high (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.14-2.76) among urban dwellers. However, mothers who attended or completed secondary or higher education were 63% (95% CI 0.20–0.78) less likely to give birth to a LBW baby when compared with uneducated mothers. We found that the odds of LBW significantly decreased with every one-week increase in gestational age (OR 0.67 95%CI 0.59-0.76) and significantly increased with increasing parity (OR 1.43 95%CI 1.21-1.70). Further, the likelihood of delivering LBW baby decreased with every additional ANC visit (OR 0.78 95%CI 0.67-0.90) and with every additional gram of haemoglobin (OR 0.78 95%CI 0.63-0.95).ConclusionThe evidence from this study suggests that maternal educational level, residence, haemoglobin level, parity, number of ANC visits, and gestational age are independent predictors of low birth weight. The current findings add substantially to the growing literature on the influence of maternal socio-demographic and obstetric factors on LBW in resource-constrained settings and provide empirical data for clinical and public health interventions aimed at reducing low birth weight and its associated complications.