Completely Normal Research Articles

Hawking radiation from a Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS black hole with integral monopoles in extended phase space

In recent years, thermodynamics and phase transitions of black holes in extended phase space have been extensively studied. The results show that the original first law of thermodynamics needs revising and new phase transitions will appear. However, so far, Hawking tunneling radiation has not been widely studied in the extended phase space. In particular, whether the tunneling radiation probability changes at this time is still uncertain. This work focuses on this topic, that is, to calculate the specific value of the tunneling probability in the extended phase space and ascertains whether the results obtained in the normal phase space are consistent with those in the extended phase space. The methods used herein are described below. Taking Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS black holes with global monopole for example, the cosmological parameters are regarded as dynamic variables, which is different from previous treatment methods that regard them as constants and ignore their contributions to the tunneling probability. In particular, cosmological parameters are introduced and regarded as thermodynamic pressure when the tunneling probability is calculated, and their contribution to the tunneling probability is considered. In the work the tunneling process of mass particles is mainly studied. The outgoing particles are viewed as spherical de Broglie waves, and then the relative phase velocity and group velocity are calculated. The geodesic equation is obtained according to the relationship between the two velocities, and the tunneling probability is calculated from the geodesic equation. It is concluded that the results show that the tunneling probability of the ingoing particles is proportional to the difference in the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the black hole before and after the particles tunnel, and the radiation spectrum deviates from the pure thermal spectrum, which is exactly the same as the case that the cosmological parameters are treated as constants. This means that the tunneling probability of particles can be obtained in the extended phase space, and the tunneling process does not depend on thermodynamic parameters. In addition, it is found that although the global monopole affects the dynamical behavior and thermodynamic quantity of the particle, it does not affect the entropy change or tunneling rate. In other words, the conclusion that the tunneling probability in extended phase space is exactly the same as that in normal phase space does not depend on the space-time topology.

Effect of biofertilizer on growth and yield attributes of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) under zone -7 of (Davangere, district) Karnataka

An experiment on Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) Effect of Biofertilizer on growth and yield attributes of Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) under zone -7 of Karnataka. The experiment was carried out at diploma (Agri) College Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Kathalagere, Davangere. In kharif season during the year 2022 with three replicated randomized block designs. with seven treatments in 6.5 x 5.5 m plot size twelve plant population was maintained in each plot with normal spacing given 1.5x1.5 m row and plant to plant respectively. The results of the experiment revealed Treatment T-5 (75% NPK + FYM +VC 1250 Kg/ha+ biofertilizer (Pseudomonous flourscence @ 2.50 kg/ha and Trichoderma viridae @ 750 g/ha) was shows better results recorded more number of primary branches/shoots(5.45 no) vine length (482.75 Cm) Leaves /plant (66.83 Nos) earliest opening of first female flower shows in in DAS (40.58) highest fruit length / diameter also (45.08 /8.26 Cm and fruit Yield recorded in (1.45kg), 15.06 kg) & (4635.89 kg) plant,/plot and hector respectively.

A Recent View of Generalized Closed sets

: This work introduced and investigated new classes of spaces termed star-gp-regular (briefly, *gp- regular) and star-gp-normal (briefly, *gp- normal) spaces. *gp- regularity and *gp- normality are separation features acquired by employing *gp- closed sets, and they are discussed in detail in this research. Also, we define and discuss the notions of *ǥ𝑝 − compactness and *ǥp-connectedness.

Normal states are determined by their facial distances II

AbstractLet be a von Neumann algebra with separable predual. For a normal semi‐finite weight on , denote by the von Neumann subalgebra generated by Let be the center of , and be the set of normal semi‐finite weights on . When has no type part (but could have a non‐trivial type part), for every faithful weights with being strictly semi‐finite, if , then there is a positive self‐adjoint operator affiliated with such that . This does not hold for the hyper‐finite type factor. When has no type part, we verify that for strictly semi‐finite weights with and , one has . This is not true for the hyper‐finite type factor. Denote by the subset of consisting of weights with being semi‐finite. When is the direct sum of a semi‐finite algebra and a type algebra, we show that for , if and , then . This fails for any type factor when . Using the above, we establish that when has no type part, the distances of a normal state on to closed faces of the normal state space of uniquely determine this state.

Time-Frequency Analysis of Somatosensory Evoked High-Frequency (600 Hz) Oscillations as an Early Indicator of Arousal Recovery after Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.

Cardiac arrest (CA) remains the leading cause of coma, and early arousal recovery indicators are needed to allocate critical care resources properly. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) have been shown to indicate responsive wakefulness days following CA. Nonetheless, their potential in the acute recovery phase, where the injury is reversible, has not been tested. We hypothesize that time-frequency (TF) analysis of HFOs can determine arousal recovery in the acute recovery phase. To test our hypothesis, eleven adult male Wistar rats were subjected to asphyxial CA (five with 3-min mild and six with 7-min moderate to severe CA) and SSEPs were recorded for 60 min post-resuscitation. Arousal level was quantified by the neurological deficit scale (NDS) at 4 h. Our results demonstrated that continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of SSEPs localizes HFOs in the TF domain under baseline conditions. The energy dispersed immediately after injury and gradually recovered. We proposed a novel TF-domain measure of HFO: the total power in the normal time-frequency space (NTFS) of HFO. We found that the NTFS power significantly separated the favorable and unfavorable outcome groups. We conclude that the NTFS power of HFOs provides earlier and objective determination of arousal recovery after CA.

Baire property of spaces of [0, 1]-valued continuous functions

A topological space X is Baire if the intersection of any sequence of open dense subsets of X is dense in X. Let \(C_p(X,[0,1])\) denote the space of all continuous [0, 1]-valued functions on a Tychonoff space X with the topology of pointwise convergence. In this paper, we have obtained a characterization for the function space \(C_p(X,[0,1])\) to be Baire for a Tychonoff space X all separable closed subsets of which are \(C^*\)-embedded. In particular, this characterization holds for normal spaces and, hence, for metrizable spaces. Moreover, we established that the space \(C_p(X,[0,1])\) is Baire if and only if \(C_p(X,\mathbb {K})\) is Baire for a Peano continuum \(\mathbb {K}\).

Intimate Others: Utopia and Heterotopia in the Reluctant Fundamentalist and the Submission

The Submission and The Reluctant Fundamentalist invest in the strategic ambivalence that characterizes heterotopias. Steering away from trauma studies I concentrated on the possibilities the concept of heterotopia offers to understanding the multilayered content and symbolism of the two post 9/11 novels. Heterotopia as a Foucauldian concept established spaces that are ‘other’ in relation to a normal space. I extend that other space to include Muslims as belonging to a heterotopic garden from which they challenge an Islamophobic and divisive discourse that is affiliated to power and uses the popular media and grievances of the 9\11 families to further cut off Muslims from contribution to mainstream society.

RF19 | PSUN351 Glycoprotein-NMB (GPNMB) is Pro-Tumorigenic in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)

Abstract Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an estrogen-sensitive lung disease found almost exclusively in women. LAM is characterized by the hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells creating small tumors throughout the lungs, resulting in the formation of large cysts that replace normal alveolar space. Growth of these tumors and progression of cyst development leads to loss of pulmonary function, and sometimes subsequent lung transplantation. LAM tumor cells contain mutations in one of the tuberous sclerosis genes (TSC1 or TSC2), leading to constitutive activation of the mTORC1 pathway. In fact, mTOR inhibitors are commonly used to treat LAM; however, these drugs are not always effective and have significant side effects, suggesting the need for new therapeutic targets. Additionally, tumors recur even after lung transplantation and LAM cells are found in circulating body fluids, suggesting a metastatic nature of LAM, and a question of the origin of the LAM cell. Due to LAM's estrogen sensitivity, female specificity, and metastatic nature, we previously proposed that LAM cells originate from the uterine myometrium. We therefore designed a uterine-specific TSC2-null mouse model where all of the mice generate uterine tumors characteristic of LAM and half develop lung metastases, suggesting that indeed LAM tumors may be derived from the uterus. Notably, our collaborators recently utilized single cell RNA sequencing with human LAM lung lesions, and found that TSC2-null cells have a strong uterine profile. Using bulk RNASeq analysis of uterine tissue from our mouse model, when focusing on genes regulated by estrogen and TSC2, we discovered increased expression of melanocytic markers, including Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB). GPNMB is known to be oncogenic in other cancers and has been shown to be expressed intracellularly in benign cells, but both intracellularly and on the cell surface of tumor cells making GPNMB a good cell surface drug target. This melanocytic marker was not only highly expressed in our mouse model, it was also expressed in TSC2-null cell lines, as well as in human LAM patient lung and uteri samples. Knocking down GPNMB expression by siRNA directed against GPNMB mRNA decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion in TSC2-null cells. We also found that GPNMB's large ectodomain is released from the cell surface of TSC2-null cells and potentially mediated by the protease, Adam10. The ectodomain specifically is implicated in mediating GPNMB's effects on tumor growth. Finally, knocking out GPNMB in TSC2-null cells using CRISPR/Cas9 decreased xenograft tumor growth in mice. Overall, our data thus far demonstrate that GPNMB promotes TSC2-null tumor growth and metastasis. Importantly, the GPNMB ectodomain is a potential biomarker of human LAM, as we detect a significant difference in GPNMB ectodomain levels in patient blood as compared with healthy controls. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m., Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:36 p.m. - 12:41 p.m.

C-Almost Normality and L-Almost Normality

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and study new topological properties called C-almost normality and L-almost normality. A space X is called a C-almost normal (resp. L-almost normal) space if there exist an almost normal space Y and a bijective function f : X → Y such that the restriction function f|A : A → f(A) is a homeomorphism for each compact (resp. Lindelöf) subspace A ⊆ X. We investigate these properties and present some examples to illustrate the relationships among them with other kinds of topological properties.

Reliability analysis with correlated random variables based on a novel transformation, adaptive dimension-reduction and maximum entropy method

In this paper, structural reliability analysis including correlated random variables is implemented based on a novel transformation and fractional exponential moments-based maximum entropy method (FEM-MEM) with a new adaptive dimension reduction. First, a novel transformation, which does not require the computation of correlation matrix in correlated standard normal space, is first presented to transform correlated random variables to be independent standard normal ones, which is quite easy and simple to implement. Then, an adaptive dimension-reduction model is developed for efficient FEMs estimation, where the contribution-degree analysis is performed and a hybrid integration formula is established accordingly. Further, the FEM-MEM, in which the proposed transformation and hybrid integration formula are embedded, is applied to derive the unknown probability distribution of the performance function with correlated random variables, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional fractional moments-based MEM and significantly enhances the robustness, accuracy and efficiency. Four numerical examples including both the explicit and practical implicit performance functions are investigated to validate the proposed method, where pertinent Monte Carlo simulation and Nataf transformation are employed for comparisons.

Autism-like behaviors regulated by the serotonin receptor 5-HT2B in the dorsal fan-shaped body neurons of Drosophila melanogaster

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Previous studies have reported an association of serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with ASD, but the specific receptors and neurons by which serotonin modulates autistic behaviors have not been fully elucidated.MethodsRNAi-mediated knockdown was done to destroy the function of tryptophan hydroxylase (Trh) and all the five serotonin receptors. Given that ubiquitous knockdown of 5-HT2B showed significant defects in social behaviors, we applied the CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock out the 5-HT2B receptor gene. Social space assays and grooming assays were the major methods used to understand the role of serotonin and related specific receptors in autism-like behaviors of Drosophila melanogaster.ResultsA close relationship was identified between serotonin and autism-like behaviors reflected by increased social space distance and high-frequency repetitive behavior in Drosophila. We further utilized the binary expression system to knock down all the five 5-HT receptors, and observed the 5-HT2B receptor as the main receptor responsible for the normal social space and repetitive behavior in Drosophila for the specific serotonin receptors underlying the regulation of these two behaviors. Our data also showed that neurons in the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB), which expressed 5-HT2B, were functionally essential for the social behaviors of Drosophila.ConclusionsCollectively, our data suggest that serotonin levels and the 5-HT2B receptor are closely related to the social interaction and repetitive behavior of Drosophila. Of all the 5 serotonin receptors, 5-HT2B receptor in dFB neurons is mainly responsible for serotonin-mediated regulation of autism-like behaviors.

ω1-strongly compact cardinals and normality

We present more applications of the recently introduced ω1-strongly compact cardinals in the context of either consistency or reflection results in General Topology, focusing on issues related to normality. In particular, we show that such large cardinal notion provides a new upper bound for the consistency strength of the statement “All normal Moore spaces are metrizable” (NMSC). The proof uses random forcing, as in the original consistency proof of NMSC due to Nykos-Kunen-Solovay (see Fleissner [10]). We establish a compactness theorem for normality (i.e., reflection of non-normality) in the realm of first countable spaces, using the least ω1-strongly compact cardinal, as well as two more similar compactness results on related topological properties. We finish the paper by combining the techniques of reflection and forcing to show that our new upper bound for the consistency strength of NMSC can be also obtained via Cohen forcing, using some arguments from Dow-Tall-Weiss [6].

A note on J -spaces and relatively connected subsets

In this note we present an investigation of J -spaces and other types of spaces related to J -spaces. We characterise these spaces using the notion of relatively connected subsets. For a completely regular J -space X, we give a description of the βX-extension of idempotent elements of C(X) and characterise completely regular J -spaces using idempotent elements of some subrings of C(X). A brief study of relatively connected subsets which leads to the definition of C-normal spaces is given. We show that this new class of C-normal spaces contains the class of normal spaces as a proper subclass. Michael proved that βX \\ X is relatively connected in βX if and only if X is a completely regular J -space. We further establish conditions which characterise completely regular J -spaces via some closed subsets of βX.

Rebirth-FTL: Lifetime Optimization via Approximate Storage for NAND Flash Memory

The lifetime of NAND flash cells significantly degrades with feature-size reductions and multilevel cell technology. On the other hand, we have more and more approximate data, such as images and videos that are more error tolerant than regular data like text. In this article, we propose Rebirth-FTL, which reuses faulty blocks that contain uncorrectable errors to store approximate data for lifetime optimization. Rebirth-FTL effectively manages two spaces, namely, the approximate space and the normal space, with an efficient address translator, a coordinated garbage collection, and a differential wear leveler. In addition, we develop an migration times restriction (MTR) policy to restrict the movement of the approximate data in the approximate space. We also develop a scheme to pass approximate information from userland to kernel space in Linux. Finally, a lifetime model is presented for lifetime analysis. Our experimental results show that Rebirth-FTL can extend the lifetime by 41.63% on average.

Normal Knee Joint Spaces in Healthy Young Adults; Radiographic Measurement

Background: The weight bearing hinge joint which comprises of two condylar joint is named as knee joint. Objective: The study was carried out to find the radiographic measurements in case of normal knee joints of adults. Study design: It is a prospective study conducted at Orthopedic Department, Mardan Medical Complex and Radiology Department, Institute of Kidney Disease (IKD) Peshawar for the duration of six months from October 2021 to March 2022. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 170 patients (patients/subjects) who visited the radiology (radiology and orthopedic) department of the hospital. The computerized data was plotted from standard radiographs and the monitoring was carried out to see the progression of degenerative conditions of knee. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS tool and other software like Microsoft excel were also used for this purpose. The data was shown as mean and standard deviations in case of all variables. The ethical and review board committee of the hospital approved the study. Results: The data was taken from 170 patients. Patients were aware of the study and signed the consent willingly. Among these 170 patients, there were 94 females and 76 males. The average age of the patients participating in this study was 48 ± 13 (38± 13) years. In case of women the average right medial space was 0.25±0.07 (it is mm or cm??) right lateral space was 0.45±0.06, left medial was 0.19±0.08 and left lateral space was 0.44±0.0. In case of male patients, the values of right lateral space, right medial space, left lateral space and left medial space were 0.47±0.07, 0.26±0.05, and 0.47±0.06, 0.23±0.01 respectively. (in other studies normal space is 4.44 medial and 5.62 mm lateral and it is 0.45 and 0.25 mm in our study, I think it shoud be comparable) Conclusion: The study was carried out to find the radiographic measurements of normal spaces of normal knee joint in adults. The AP view was used to observe the bilateral knee joints both medial and lateral sides. The knee joint space width was variable. However, width of left and right side joint space compartments have no difference. There was no statistical variation found between both genders as well. Keywords: Bilateral knee joints, radiographic measurements, joint space compartments, condyles and articular surfaces.

Intracranial arachnoid cysts: special issue

Intracranial arachnoid cysts (AC) are arachnoid-lined expansion of the normal subarachnoid space. They are very common and neurosurgeons, specially those taking care of the pediatric population, face this disease in their daily activities quite frequently. So, considering the importance of this topic, the editorial board of Archives of Pediatric Neurosurgery decided to dedicate the present issue to articles addressing any view of AC.
 The first article is an interesting and complete review of many aspects of AC that must be known by pediatric neurologists and neurosurgeons concerning epidemiology, pathophysiological, symptomatology, imaging and classification. It is well known that, frequently, AC are discovered incidentally on radiological exams. In other cases, it is difficult to stablish a relationship between the symptoms and the AC. Is a headache related do the cysts? Is the seizure an effect of the cyst? In spite of the doubts regarding symptoms and AC, Faraj et al describe some clinical manifestations according to AC locations. The association and risk of developing subdural hemorrhage and AC is also discussed. And finally, the authors analyze literature data regarding a frequent and practical aspect about how to council parents and patients harboring an AC in the sports practice.
 The knowledge of the natural history of a disease is the first step in the decision making of any patient. This is particularly important in pathological conditions that are discovered incidentally or in asymptomatic patients. Souza et al performed an excellent literature review on this topic that may guide us how to manage our patients. Who do we should operate? What are the cases of highest risk of cyst growing?
 Regarding treatment, the literature ranges from CSF shunts to microsurgery and neuroendoscopy. In this sense, Paiva et al discuss the role of neuroendoscopy and the possible associated complications that can be expected. Two articles address treatment of AC at the quadrigeminal cistern and posterior fossa. Furtado et al propose a therapeutic algorithm based on a literature review and Dastoli et al describe four posterior fossa AC treated by neuroendoscopic fenestration.
 In the setting of Clinical Images, a suprasellar arachnoid cyst with an unusual extension to the middle fossa is presented followed by a video showing the microsurgical surgery of a middle fossa AC.
 The great advantage in participate of Archives of Pediatric Neurosurgery is to be able to discover different clinical and surgical approaches, especially on controversial topics such as arachnoid cysts, around the different pediatric neurosurgery departments in our continental country. Thereby, Mansilla et al, with the honorable participation of a great friend of Brazilian pediatric neurosurgery, Gianpiero Tamburrini, share a survey that demonstrates which symptoms were considered related to AC, which complementary exams should be performed and the types of treatment chosen among Brazilian pediatric neurosurgeons. The APN editorial board invite its readers to discover these articles and delve further into the controversial topic of arachnoid cysts.

SharpNet: A deep learning method for normal vector estimation of point cloud with sharp features

The normal vector is a basic attribute of point clouds. Traditional estimation methods are susceptible to noise and outliers. Recently, it reported that estimation robustness can be greatly improved by introducing Deep Neural Network (DNN), but how to accurately obtain the normal vector of sharp features still needs to be further studied. This paper proposes SharpNet, a DNN framework specializing in sharp features of CAD-like models, to transform problems into feature classification by the discretization of normal vector space. In order to eliminate the discretization error, a normal vector refining method is presented, which uses the difference between the initial normal vectors to distinguish neighborhood points of different local surface patches. Finally, the normal vector can be estimated accurately from the refined neighborhood points. Experiments show that our algorithm can estimate the normal vector of sharp features of CAD-like models accurately in challenging situations, and is superior to other DNN-based methods in terms of efficiency.

Interlayer-expanded 2D VS2 for fast response/recovery NO2 detection at low-temperature

Currently, most gas sensors of two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are only focused on the surface adsorption while ignoring their large interlayer active regions. The recovery time of 2D TMDs gas sensors are relatively long due to the limited interlayer spacing. Herein, the interlayer-expanded VS2 (VS2-E, 10 Å) based NO2 gas sensor with rapid response/recovery (∼15 s) is reported innovatively. The response and recovery time is 1/23 and 1/41 of the normal interlayer spacing VS2 (VS2-N, 5.8 Å) counterparts, respectively. VS2-E with coexistence of T and H phases shows the p-type semiconductor features. In addition, the response value of VS2-E sensor is ∼2 to 50 ppm NO2 at 120 °C, approximately twice that of VS2-N. The enlarged interlayer spacing of VS2-E promotes the adsorption/desorption of more NO2 molecules between the interlayers, leading to a larger response and quicker response/recovery for VS2-E compared with VS2-N. This is also confirmed by a weaker binding energy (−0.17 eV) of NO2 in VS2-E layers than that of VS2-N (−0.62 eV) calculated by theoretical calculation. This work enriches the interlayer sensing mechanism and provides a significant guidance for the applications of interlayer regulation engineering in other 2D layered gas-sensing materials.

الدالة gp*

Different types of cleavability(originally named splitability ) by Skii. A (1985) introduced as following :
 A topological space is said to be cleavable over a class of spaces if for there exists a continuous mapping such that
 f -1f , ( )= .
 In this paper ,we used special functions called contra gp*-continuous function to study the concept of cleavability over these special topological spaces as called gp*-Hausdorff spaces, gp*-normal spaces and gp*connected spaces.as following :
 If is a class of topological spaces with certain properties and if is cleavable over then .also if is a class of topological spaces with certain properties and if Y is cleavable over then Y .

Effect of Microclimate Modulation on the Growth and Yield of Straw Mushroom as a Intercrop in Maize Field during Summer

A field experiment was carried out during the summer season to study the effect of microclimate modification on growth and yield of paddy straw mushroom under outdoor cultivation as maize intercrop. A Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments comprising the combination of spacing (60 x 25 cm, 45 x 25 cm, paired row 45/75 x 25 cm, and paired row 30/60 x 25 cm) and mulching (with or without application), in three replications was used for this study. The study concluded that maximum average yield was obtained in normal spacing 45x25 cm coupled with mulching (578 g bed-1) with high biological efficiency of 19.3 per cent. The results inferred that both the afternoon (14.22 hours) microclimate variables viz., temperature (low) and relative humidity (high) had played major role for higher yield and Biological Efficiency (BE) of paddy straw mushroom as maize intercrop. Normal row spacing (45 x 25 cm) with or without mulch and paired row spacing (30/60 x 25 cm) with mulch provided favourable microclimate during summer for faster growth, higher yield and biological efficiency for paddy straw mushroom intercropped maize which in turn might be adopted by the farmers for the outdoor cultivation of paddy straw mushroom.