Completed Food Diaries Research Articles

Effect of green banana and pineapple fibre powder consumption on host gut microbiome.

To determine whether green banana powder (GBP) and pineapple fibre powder (PFP) promote beneficial bacterial species, directly improve human gut health and modulate the gut microbiome and understand their utility as functional foods and dietary supplements. Over 14 days, 60 adults followed protocol requirements, completed food diaries and study questionnaires, avoided consuming supplements with prebiotics, probiotics or postbiotics, and ingested food containing 5 g of total daily fibre [placebo (10.75 g), GBP (10.75 g) or PFP (7.41 g)]. Participants' medical and baseline wellness histories, as well as stool samples, were collected at baseline, day 7 and 14. Stool DNA was processed for sequencing. Dietary fibre and resistant starches (RS) in GBP and PFP promoted temporal increases in beneficial bacteria. GBP significantly elevated 7 species (F. prausnitzii, B. longum, B. bifidum, B. adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. obeum, and R. inulinivorans), while PFP enriched 6 species (B. ovatus, B. cellulosilyticus, B. bifidum, B. intestinalis, R. inulinivorans, and E. siraeum). These bacteria, found to be deficient in younger adults, were promoted by both powders. PFP benefitted both genders aged 16-23, while GBP benefitted overweight/obese individuals, including females. GBP and PFP fiber and RS improved bowel regularity and health as well as metabolism by promoting histidine, branched-chain amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, and biotin production. The additional fiber caused "low" bloatedness and reduced "fairly bad" sleep disruptions, without affecting sleep durations. GBP and PFP supplementation increased beneficial bacteria and metabolites, improved host gut health, and present a valuable nutritional strategy for enhancing human health. AMILI Institutional Review Board, Identifier 2023/0301.

Seasonal and Regional Differences in Eating Times in a Representative Sample of the Brazilian Population.

Human food intake and its timing are a complex behavior that can be influenced by a variety of factors, some of which may vary from season to season or from region to region. In this study, our aim was to investigate the seasonal variation in food intake times, with a particular focus on how these may vary across different regions of a country. We conducted an analysis of data from 20,622 adults from the National Household Budget Survey (POF-IBGE), encompassing complete food diaries collected from individuals residing in Brazil, and thereby ensuring representation across different latitudes. Each participant's daily food intake was reported for two non-consecutive days at different times in the same week using food diaries. An ANOVA revealed a later food intake time in the evening in high-latitude regions compared to low-latitude regions. The Sidak post-hoc test showed a significant interaction effect between region and season, demonstrating a pattern of early First Intake Time and Eating Midpoint in the Northeast region during spring/summer. Additionally, we observed an independent effect of the region, as early food intake times were found in low-latitude regions. These findings offer a basis for discussing food intake times among individuals living in different regions located on distinct latitudes.

Protein Intake in NCAA Division 1 Soccer Players: Assessment of Daily Amounts, Distribution Patterns, and Leucine Levels as a Quality Indicator

Dietary protein is required to support recovery and adaptation following exercise training. While prior research demonstrates that many athletes meet total daily protein needs, intake seems to be predominantly skewed toward the evening meal. An even distribution of protein doses of ≥0.24 g/kg BW consumed throughout the course of a day is theorized to confer greater skeletal muscle anabolism outcomes compared to a skewed pattern of intake. Protein quality is also an important dietary consideration for athletes, with the amino acid leucine seemingly serving as the primary driver of the postprandial anabolic response. The present study investigates protein consumption characteristics among a cohort of NCAA D1 soccer players and evaluates differences between male and female athletes. Athletes were instructed to complete 3-day food diaries, which were subsequently analyzed and compared to UEFA expert group-issued nutrition guidelines for soccer players. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner accounted for 81.4% of the total daily dietary protein intake. Most athletes (77.8%) ingested optimum amounts of protein at dinner but not at breakfast (11.1%) or lunch (47.2%). In addition, statistically significant sex-based differences in daily dietary protein intake, meal-specific protein amounts, and protein quality measures were detected. Findings indicate suboptimal dietary protein intake practices among the collegiate soccer athletes.

Sex And Habitual Water Intake Are Related To Dimensions Of Mood

Water intake has previously been linked to dimensions of mood and other cognitive performance. However, it is yet to be determined if the relationships are solely because of changes in water intake (i.e., moving from high to low-volume consumption) or if they can be linked to habitual intake. Furthermore, sex differences related to the effect of water on mood have yet to be outlined. PURPOSE: To assess for differences in mood-dimensions across fluid volume demarcations and biological sex using objective measures of habitual water intake. METHODS: 51 women (42 ± 14y, 164 ± 6 cm, 72.0 ± 16.6 kg) and 49 men (40 ± 13 y, 177 ± 7 cm, 81.5 ± 16.0 kg) took part in the current study over 8 days. Participants consumed 0.05 g⸱kgLBM-1 of deuterium oxide (2H2O) at baseline. Then, 2H2O urine enrichment was measured 1 and 7 days after to determine total body water turnover (WTO) by dilution method. Participants simultaneously completed food diaries which were used to calculate metabolic water production given participant weight stability. Total water intake (TWI) was calculated as WTO-metabolic water production. The profile of mood state survey (POMS) and a visual analog scale to measure alertness were completed on the second day of observation. Data were dichotomized by sex and divided into HIGH (4.5 ± 1.4, 4.7 ± 1.1 L⸱d-1), MOD (2.9 ± 0.2, 3.3 ± 0.2 L⸱d-1), and LOW (2.2 ± 0.2, 2.7 ± 0.3 L⸱d-1) TWI tertiles, for women and men, respectively. RESULTS: Alertness and Vigor were significantly greater within women in HIGH versus MOD and LOW (all P ≤ 0.027), while Depression was lower in HIGH compared to LOW (P = 0.015). There were no significant differences in any mood-dimensions between any male TWI groups (all P ≥ 0.124). After controlling for macronutrient intake and physical activity, follow-up regression modeling in women, identified that the addition of TWI produced a significant change in the F score of the models for Depression, Anxiety, Vigor, and Total Mood Disturbance (all P ≤ 0.043). CONCLUSION: Within this sample, increased habitual water consumption was related to more favorable dimensions of mood in women, but not men. The conflicting results between sexes may be because of a larger TWI range in women relative to lean body mass and/or differences in fluid handling as evidenced by prior reporting on the divergence of urine concentrations between sexes.

Effect of 10-hours Time Restricted Diet on Breast Cancer Risk in Pre and Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity: TRED Pilot Study

ObjectivesThis study examined the effect of 10-h time restricted diet on breast cancer risk, assessing changes in body weight, insulin, IGF-1, and IGF binding protein 1, 2, and 3 among pre and postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity.MethodsWomen with overweight or obesity (n = 25) were enrolled into a time-restricted diet for 6 months. Participants were instructed to eat only from 10am until 8pm and to record consumption on the TRED smartphone app. At weeks 1, 2, 12, and 24, participants were asked to complete food diaries. During the other weeks, participants simply recorded the category of food consumed (meal or snack). Compliance was calculated as percentage of days when food consumption was reported.Results25 women with a BMI between 25 and 40 (32.3 ± 4.2) and age between 18–65 years old (46.5 ± 11.0) were enrolled. Average weight loss was 0.8 ± 4.6 kg (−0.6%). Fat percentage, muscle mass remained unchanged. Insulin and IGFBP 2 significantly increased from baseline to post intervention and to follow up. However, the change is not clinically significant. IGF-1 and IGFBP1 significantly decreased from baseline to follow up. Average adherence to the diet protocol was high: 78% of participants recorded dietary intake on at least 77% of intervention days.ConclusionsThe TRED 10-hour eating window did not lead to weight loss, body fat loss, or decreasing waist circumference among pre and postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity. However, the intervention significantly improved some biomarkers of breast cancer risk (IGF-1, IGFBP 2 and IGFBP 3).Funding SourcesThis study was supported by NIH/NCI training grant T32 CA193193.

Can people living with and beyond colorectal cancer make lifestyle changes with the support of health technology: A feasibility study.

Rates of cancer survival are increasing, with more people living with and beyond cancer. Lifestyle recommendations for cancer survivors are based largely on extrapolation from cancer prevention recommendations. This feasibility study was designed to investigate diet and physical activity variables linked to primary prevention and digital behaviour change interventions in cancer survivors and delivered by an oncology dietitian to plan for future research. In this 2-month feasibility study, participants who had completed treatment for colorectal cancer were invited to complete online food diaries, underwent physical activity assessment, attended fortnightly telephone consultations with an oncology dietitian and completed an evaluation form. The baseline food diaries were used to help participants pick two lifestyle changes to focus on throughout the intervention. Demographic and clinical data were analysed using descriptive statistics. In total, 996 patients were screened for eligibility; of these, 78 were eligible to approach and 69 were approached, resulting in 20 participants consenting to take part. Overall, the intervention was acceptable with 65% of participants completing an online food diary and 70% engaging with the dietitian over the telephone. The intervention received good feedback, with 100% of those completing the evaluation form reporting they felt supported and found it helpful. The present study offers preliminary evidence that a lifestyle intervention delivered by an oncology dietitian using digital behaviour change interventions (DBCIs) to cancer survivors is feasible and accepted by participants and providers.

Pregnant Women Living with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Dietary Quality and Pregnancy Outcomes

Good maternal nutrition is key to optimal maternal and foetal health. A poor-quality diet is often associated with obesity, and the prevalence and severity of maternal obesity has increased significantly in recent years. This study observed dietary intakes in pregnant women living with obesity and assessed the quality of their diet. In total, 140 women with a singleton pregnancy, aged > 18 years and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, were recruited from antenatal clinics, weighed and completed food diaries at 16-, 28- and 36-weeks’ gestation. Clinical data were recorded directly from the women’s medical records. Nutrient intake was determined using ‘MicrodietTM’, then compared to Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). Energy intakes were comparable with DRVs, but intakes of sugar and saturated fatty acids were significantly higher. Intake of fibre and several key micronutrients (Iron, Iodine, Folate and Vitamin D) were significantly low. Several adverse obstetric outcomes were higher than the general obstetric population. Women with obesity, often considered ‘over nourished’, may have diets deficient in essential micronutrients, often associated with poor obstetric outcomes. To address the intergenerational transmission of poor health via poor diets warrants a multi-disciplinary approach focusing away from ‘dieting’ onto positive messages, emphasising key nutrients required for good maternal and foetal health.

Dietary Intakes of Recipients of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation: An Observational Pilot Study.

This study reports on the dietary intake of recipients of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), comparing this with dietary guidelines, and investigates the relationship between dietary intake and clinical outcomes. Males and females aged ≥ 16 years with irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease undergoing FMT were invited to complete validated symptom and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires and three-day weighed food diaries. Descriptive statistics were calculated for symptom scores, QOL scores, nutrients, and food group servings, and compared to Australian population norms, nutrient reference values, and dietary guidelines. The relationship between dietary intake, symptoms, and QOL was assessed. Participants (n = 18) reported baseline symptoms of urgency, abdominal pain, nausea, and bloating and reduced QOL. Of the participants who completed food diaries, 8/14 met the recommended 30 g of fibre when including supplements. Participants met the recommendations for micronutrients and food groups except calcium, fruit, and dairy/dairy alternatives. There was a non-significant trend towards lower symptom severity scores in participants who met the fibre target. The high degree of variability in participant fibre intakes highlights diet as a key variable that has not been previously controlled for in FMT intervention studies. Future studies examining FMT should include dietary analysis of habitual intake of the recipients and donors.

P172 Patient experience of Manchester Virtual Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: In April 2020, CFRD MDT started a Virtual Clinic (VC) to provide diabetes care at home to limit risk of COVID-19. To maintain quality of care, we used a new model. 1 week pre-clinic patient completed food and blood glucose diary plus questionnaires returning them via LibreView, Diasend or email. The CFRD MDT reviewed data (diabetologist, CF physician, diabetes nurse and dietitian) and planned management, then contacted patient with plan. Objective: Assess patient experience of VC to guide service development. Method: 15 questions designed on SurveyMonkey with patient representative. Survey sent to patients seen April-Nov. Patients invited to fill out the survey once even if >1 VC. Reminder email + text links sent 7 days later. Results: Survey distributed to 56 patients, response rate 50%. 88% returned food and blood glucose diaries pre-clinic. Majority (84%) uploaded data via LibreView and 100% of respondents found it easy to send. Participants reported positive experiences of VC. Reported advantages included less travel to clinic (63%), ability contact team between clinic (44%), able to upload glucose data at home (41%), VC reduces risk cross-infection (42%), able to contact MDT more frequently (37%). 64% reported no disadvantages (20% felt less personal). 58% would like option of Video consultations in future. Conclusion: Overall responses indicate positive reception of telehealth in the CFRD clinic. The introduction of VC enabled more regular monitoring of diabetes control using novel technology such as LibreView, Diasend and Dexcom CLARITY. The majority of patients found technology easy to use. Patients appreciated the frequent contact with the CFRD team, with support from their own homes reducing the barrier of travel on accessing treatment. Patients highlighted reduced risk of cross-infection during COVID-19 when they had heightened concerns. Future developments include the introduction of video-conferencing which patients feel will enhance the consultations.

Arsenic exposure in relation to apple consumption among infants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Infants and young children commonly consume apple-based products, which may contain high concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs). As yet, iAs exposure from ingesting apple products has not been well-characterized in early childhood. Therefore, we investigated the association between urinary arsenic concentrations and intake of apple products in one-year-old infants participating in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. A three-day food diary prior to collection of a spot urine sample was used to determine infant's consumption of apple products. The sum of urinary iAs, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid, referred to as ΣAs, was used to estimate iAs exposure. A total of 242 infants had urinary arsenic speciation analyzed without indication of fish/seafood consumption (urinary arsenobetaine < 1 μg/L) and with a completed three-day food diary. Of these, 183 (76%) infants ate apples or products containing apple. The geometric mean urinary ΣAs among the 59 infants who did not consume any type of apple product was 2.78 μg/L as compared to 2.38, 2.46, 2.28, and 2.73 μg/L among infants who exclusively consumed apple juice (n = 30), apple puree (n = 67), apples as whole fruit (n = 20) or products mixed with apples (n = 21), respectively. Differences in urinary ΣAs associated with apple consumption were not statistically significant in generalized linear models adjusted for urine dilution, rice consumption, and household water arsenic. Thus, while infants in our study frequently consumed apples and apple products, we did not find evidence that it increased iAs exposure.

Intestinal microbiota analysis supports inclusion of gluten-free oats to diet of subjects with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity

AbstractGluten-related disorders form the umbrella term for all conditions related to gluten ingestion, such as celiac disease (CeD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). A life-long exclusion of gluten from diet is currently the only effective treatment in remitting the symptoms of these diseases. However, a life-long, strict GFD is challenging to maintain due to social and economic burdens. In addition, it may lead to restricted and nutritionally suboptimal diet. Thus, the possibility of using nutritious and fiber-rich oats would diversify the GFD, improving general palatability, sensory properties such as texture and fiber-content of the diet. Pure oats are being grown and produced following strict agricultural practices to minimize any contamination with other cereals. Indeed, consumption of pure, uncontaminated oats would allow a wider selection of foods for individuals with gluten related disorders. However, the inclusion of oats into GFD is not globally applied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of oat products on intestinal microbiota composition and activity in subjects with gluten-related disorders. Subjects with CeD (n = 19) or NCGS (n = 10) and healthy volunteers (n = 14) were recruited to the study. Study subjects completed food diaries for four days preceding fecal sample collection. Intestinal microbiota composition was characterized using 16S MiSeq sequencing. The total energy intake was comparable between the study groups. However, NCGS subjects consumed more energy (E %) from protein and less from carbohydrates when compared to healthy controls (p = 0.025 and p = 0.045, respectively). Dietary fiber intake was relatively high in all subjects and no differences were observed between the study groups (p = 0.79). Total microbiota profiles were comparable between CeD, NCGS and healthy controls. In addition, no differences were observed in microbiota richness or diversity between the study groups. Phylum-level microbial abundances exhibited high inter-individual variation, but did not differ between the study groups. To conclude, microbiota markers demonstrated that oat consumption was safe and beneficial for subjects with CeD or NCGS. Oat consumption was shown to enrich available gluten-free diets and to increase dietary fiber intake to the recommended levels.

Adherence as a predictor of dropout in Internet-based guided self-help for adults with binge-eating disorder and overweight or obesity.

Internet-based guided self-help (GSH-I) is an efficacious treatment for adults with binge-eating disorder (BED) and overweight or obesity. Although broadly accessible, high dropout from GSH-I has been reported. However, little is known about the factors explaining dropout from GSH-I, including patients' adherence to treatment. Within a randomized trial on the treatment of BED, adherence to 4-month GSH-I was objectively assessed in N = 89 patients with BED and overweight or obesity. Objective adherence and subjective treatment evaluation were evaluated as predictors of dropout from GSH-I, defined as having accessed 5 or less of 11 modules. Cutoffs with optimal sensitivity and specificity were derived using Receiver Operating Characteristics curves analysis, and baseline sociodemographic and clinical correlates were determined. According to our definition, n = 22 (24.7%) patients were defined as dropouts. Results of the full logistic regression model accounted for 72% of the variance in dropout and all objective adherence parameters (i.e., number of messages exchanged, days with a completed food diary, and days spent per module), but not patients' subjective GSH-I evaluation significantly predicted dropout. Specifically, not completing the food diary in week 7 had maximized sensitivity and specificity in predicting dropout. Patients' body mass index was positively associated with the number of messages exchanged between patients and coaches. No other associations between baseline variables and objective adherence were found. Patients at risk for dropout from GSH-I can be reliably identified via monitoring of objective adherence and may be provided with additional interventions to prevent dropout.

Dietary oleic acid is inversely associated with pancreatic cancer – Data from food diaries in a cohort study

BackgroundDietary oleic acid may prevent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) by reducing hyperinsulinaemia which can otherwise promote DNA damage and tumour growth. Results from previous epidemiological studies investigating oleic acid are inconsistent. This study aims to clarify the relationship between dietary oleic acid intake and the risk of developing PDA using nutritional information from food diaries plus published serum biomarker data from HbA1c. Methods23,658 participants, aged 40–74 years, were recruited into EPIC-Norfolk and completed 7-day food diaries which recorded; foods, brands and portion sizes to calculate nutrient intakes. Serum HbA1c was measured at recruitment in 11,147 participants (48.7% of cohort). Hazard ratios (HRs) for quintiles of dietary oleic acid intake and serum HbA1c were estimated using Cox regression. Additional analyses were made according to whether body mass index (BMI) was greater or less than 25 kg/m2 as this influences hyperinsulinaemia. Results88 participants (55% women) developed PDA after a mean follow-up of 8.4 years (SD = 3.9) (mean age at diagnosis = 72.6 years, SD = 8.8). A decreased risk of PDA was associated with increased dietary oleic acid intake (highest vs lowest quintile, HR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.10–0.81, P trend across quintiles = 0.011), with statistical significance maintained when BMI>25 kg/m2 but not if BMI<25 kg/m2. An elevated serum HbA1c was associated with increased risk of disease (highest vs lowest quintiles, HR = 6.32, 95% CI = 1.38–28.89, P for trend = 0.004). ConclusionsThe data supports a protective role of oleic acid against development of PDA in those with higher BMIs possibly through influencing hyperinsulinaemia. Oleic acid intake should be accurately measured in future aetiological studies.

A four-day Western-style dietary intervention causes reductions in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and interoceptive sensitivity.

In animals, a Western style diet–high in saturated fat and added sugar–causes impairments in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory (HDLM) and perception of internal bodily state (interoception). In humans, while there is correlational support for a link between Western-style diet, HDLM, and interoception, there is as yet no causal data. Here, healthy individuals were randomly assigned to consume either a breakfast high in saturated fat and added sugar (Experimental condition) or a healthier breakfast (Control condition), over four consecutive days. Tests of HDLM, interoception and biological measures were administered before and after breakfast on the days one and four, and participants completed food diaries before and during the study. At the end of the study, the Experimental condition showed significant reductions in HDLM and reduced interoceptive sensitivity to hunger and fullness, relative to the Control condition. The Experimental condition also showed a markedly different blood glucose and triglyceride responses to their breakfast, relative to Controls, with larger changes in blood glucose across breakfast being associated with greater reductions in HDLM. The Experimental condition compensated for their energy-dense breakfast by reducing carbohydrate intake, while saturated fat intake remained consistently higher than Controls. This is the first experimental study in humans to demonstrate that a Western-style diet impacts HDLM following a relatively short exposure–just as in animals. The link between diet-induced HDLM changes and blood glucose suggests one pathway by which diet impacts HDLM in humans.

Introduction of complementary foods in Sweden and impact of maternal education on feeding practices.

To describe the introduction of complementary foods in a population-based cohort in relation to recommendations and explore the possible impact of maternal education on infant feeding practices. Prospective data from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) cohort study were used. The ABIS study invited all infants born in south-east Sweden during October 1997-October 1999 (n 21 700) to participate. A questionnaire was completed for 16 022 infants. During the infants' first year parents continuously filed in a diary covering introduction of foods. Sweden. Infants (n 9727) with completed food diaries. Potatoes, vegetables, fruits/berries and porridge were the foods first introduced, with a median introduction between 19 and 22 weeks, followed by introduction of meat, cow's milk, follow-on formula and sour milk/yoghurt between 24 and 27 weeks. Early introduction of any food, before 16 weeks, occurred for 27 % of the infants and was more common in infants of mothers with low education. Overall, potatoes (14·7 %), vegetables (11·1 %), fruits/berries (8·5 %), porridge (7·4 %) and follow-on formula (2·7 %) were the foods most frequently introduced early. The majority of infants (≥70 %) were introduced to potatoes, vegetables, fruits/berries and porridge during concurrent breast-feeding, but introduction during concurrent breast-feeding was less common in infants of mothers with low education. Most infants were introduced to complementary foods timely in relation to recommendations. Low maternal education was associated with earlier introduction of complementary foods and less introduction during concurrent breast-feeding. Still, the results indicated exposure to fewer foods at 12 months in infants of mothers with low education.

Genetic Differential Susceptibility to Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesogenic Behavior: Why Targeted Prevention May Be the Best Societal Investment.

Genes may work by modulating the way individuals respond to environmental variation, and these discrete and differential genes vs environmental interactions may not be readily captured in simple association studies. To determine whether children carrying the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene living under adverse economic conditions have worse-than-average fat intake compared with those living in a healthy environment. Data from an established prospective birth cohort (Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability, and Neurodevelopment) were used to study 4-year-old children from Montreal, Quebec, Canada and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. A total of 190 children (94 girls and 96 boys) had height and weight measured and complete food diaries and were therefore eligible for the study. The study is derived from a birth cohort started in June 2003 and still ongoing. The last age of follow-up was at 6 years. Social environment was characterized based on the gross family income, and DNA was genotyped for the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene. Fat intake. The 5 steps to distinguish the differential susceptibility from other types of interaction were followed, and the study confirms that differential susceptibility is a relevant model to address the association between the 7-repeat allele of DRD4 and food choices in girls. Of the 190 children, 112 did not have the DRD4 7-repeat allele and 78 did. Baseline characteristics did not differ in these 2 groups. Although not different in several confounders, such as maternal educational level, maternal smoking during gestation, birth weight, and breastfeeding duration, girls carrying the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene and living in adverse socioeconomic conditions have increased fat intake compared with girls who are noncarriers (DRD4 7+ mean, 33.95% of calories derived from fat; 95% CI, 28.76%-39.13%; DRD4 7- mean, 28.76%; 95% CI, 26.77%-30.83%). However, girls carrying the 7-repeat allele of the same gene and living in better socioeconomic conditions have decreased fat intake compared with noncarriers (DRD4 7+ mean, 29.03% of calories derived from fat; 95% CI, 26.69%-31.51%; DRD4 7- mean, 31.88%; 95% CI, 30.28%-33.58%). Alleles previously considered to be obesity risk alleles might in fact function as plasticity alleles, determining openness to environmental modification and/or intervention, as seen in the girls in this study. This finding has important implications for obesity prevention and social pediatrics.

A practical approach to vitamin and mineral supplementation in food allergic children.

BackgroundThe management of food allergy in children requires elimination of the offending allergens, which significantly contribute to micronutrient intake. Vitamin and mineral supplementation are commonly suggested as part of dietary management. However a targeted supplementation regime requires a complete nutritional assessment, which includes food diaries. Ideally these should be analysed using a computerised program, but are very time consuming. We therefore set out to evaluate current practice of vitamin and mineral supplementation in a cohort of children with non-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated food allergies.MethodsThis prospective, observational study recruited children aged 4 weeks – 16 years, who required to follow an elimination diet for non-IgE mediated allergies. Only children that improved according to a symptom score and were on a vitamin and/or mineral supplement were included. A 3-day food diary including vitamin and mineral supplementation was recorded and analysed using Dietplan computer program. We assessed dietary adequacy with/without the supplement using the Dietary Reference Values.ResultsOne hundred-and-ten children had completed food diaries and of these 29% (32/110) were taking vitamin and/or mineral supplements. Children on hypoallergenic formulas were significantly (p = 0.007) less likely to be on supplements than those on alternative over-the-counter milks. Seventy-one percent had prescribable supplements, suggested by a dietitian/physician. Sixty percent of those without a vitamin supplement had a low vitamin D intake, but low zinc, calcium and selenium was also common. Of the supplemented cohort many continued to be either under or over-supplemented.ConclusionThis study has raised the question for the first time, whether clinicians dealing with paediatric food allergies should consider routine vitamin and/or mineral supplements in the light of deficient intake being so common in addition to being so difficult to predict.

Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality as a physiological index of adequate water intake.

While associations exist between water, hydration, and disease risk, research quantifying the dose-response effect of water on health is limited. Thus, the water intake necessary to maintain optimal hydration from a physiological and health standpoint remains unclear. The aim of this analysis was to derive a 24 h urine osmolality (UOsm) threshold that would provide an index of “optimal hydration,” sufficient to compensate water losses and also be biologically significant relative to the risk of disease. Ninety-five adults (31.5 ± 4.3 years, 23.2 ± 2.7 kg·m−2) collected 24 h urine, provided morning blood samples, and completed food and fluid intake diaries over 3 consecutive weekdays. A UOsm threshold was derived using 3 approaches, taking into account European dietary reference values for water; total fluid intake, and urine volumes associated with reduced risk for lithiasis and chronic kidney disease and plasma vasopressin concentration. The aggregate of these approaches suggest that a 24 h urine osmolality ≤500 mOsm·kg−1 may be a simple indicator of optimal hydration, representing a total daily fluid intake adequate to compensate for daily losses, ensure urinary output sufficient to reduce the risk of urolithiasis and renal function decline, and avoid elevated plasma vasopressin concentrations mediating the increased antidiuretic effort.

PTH-101 Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids Are Positively Associated With The Development Of Pancreatic Cancer – Data From A Uk Prospective Study (epic) Using 7-day Food Diaries

IntroductionAn increased dietary intake of saturated fatty acids could promote pancreatic carcinogenesis through increasing insulin resistance. Our aim was to investigate this association for the first time using nutrient information...

Sa1382 Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids Are Positively Associated With the Development of Pancreatic Cancer -Data From a UK Prospective Study (EPIC) Using 7-Day Food Diaries

Introduction An increased dietary intake of saturated fatty acids could promote pancreatic carcinogenesis through increasing insulin resistance. Our aim was to investigate this association for the first time using nutrient information measured by food diaries in a cohort study. Methods A total of 23,658 men and women aged 40–74 years recruited between 1993–1997 into the EPIC-Norfolk study, UK, completed 7-day food diaries which recorded all foods, brands, recipes and portion sizes eaten. The diaries were interpreted by nutritionists using a computer programme which converted participant recorded text into nutrient values of: total saturated fatty acids intake, palmitic and stearic acids. The cohort was monitored until June 2010 to identify those participants who developed incident pancreatic cancer, confirmed by a review of medical notes. The HRs of developing cancer were estimated across quintiles of intake using Cox regression, adjusted for total energy intake and oleic acid intake, the latter which increases insulin sensitivity. Results During 17 years of follow-up, 88 participants were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (55% women, median age at diagnosis = 73.4 years, range 52.1–88.8 years). There were no associations with either total or individual saturated fatty acids in the whole cohort or in women. However, in men, increasing quintiles of dietary saturated fat acids were positively associated with risk (highest vs. lowest quintile HR = 9.68, 95% CI: 1.72–54.54, P = 0.01) with a trend across quintiles (Trend HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.17–2.64). There were similar associations for palmitic acid (trend HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.41.3.71) and stearic acid (trend HR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.00–2.30). Conclusion The data support an aetiological role of dietary saturated fatty acids in pancreatic cancer in men, due to the large effect sizes, dose-responses, temporality and plausible biological mechanisms. These macronutrients should be measured in future aetiological studies and the reasons for differences between genders investigated. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.