Complete Victory Research Articles

La Crónica del 640 y el Concilio de Ctesifonte de 621

In 622 the persian expeditions against the Aegean and the Minor Asia, on the one hand brought Romania to nearly collapse, and on the other, the sasanian Iran to a point of a complete victory. In view of this new reality and aiming at the consolidation of their conquests in the East Byzantium, the new Persia of Cosroes II attempted to achieve the unification of the Christian churches favouring the Monophysites to the detriment of the Nestorians and the Chalcedonians. This pro-Monophysite religious policy resulted in an implicit support from the churches and the Monophysite populations of the new empire. It also generated a new stance of independence before the Roman power which grandly favoured the latest Arab conquest.

From Underworld to Avant-Garde:

From Underworld to Avant-Garde:

From Underworld to Avant-Garde:

From Underworld to Avant-Garde:

A War of Words

Throughout history man has preoccupied and engaged himself in war to resolve his differences with other men. From Homer to present day crises’ like the war in Afghanistan or the conflict in Iraq, honor or the lack there of has often led to armed confrontation. However, before either party ever strikes, one can be sure that both parties will attack one another in a war of words before their differences become physical. Once they’ve reached an impasse, language continues to play an important role in their struggle to out do one another. It became a weapon of propaganda used to psychologically manipulate and control human minds. In World War II Germany often propagandized by telling its populace that complete victory would soon be theirs. Though many belligerents and their opponents use this type of propaganda, today, national leaders use language to soften the impact and effect that the reality of war might otherwise produce.Carol Cohn’s essay “Wars Wimps and Women” supports, with concrete examples, the idea that language can psychologically soften or hide the reality of war. Cohn shows how the age-old male superiority dogma has effectively inhibited any formal discussion of the inhuman consequence of war by defense intellectuals. She describes instance after instance of gender discourse that suggests that the use of manly language is a more appropriate dialog.

Orient or Rome: The Porphyry Groups at St. Mark's, Venice, as Test Case

In 1901 Professor Josef Strzygowski of Graz University published a highly controversial book entitled Orient oder Rom: Beiträge zur Geschichte der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Kunst (Orient or Rome: Contributions to the History of Late Classical and Early Christian Art), in which he argued that Roman influences were relatively unimportant in the development of early Christian art. A much more important source, he argued, was what he called the Orient, and in particular Egypt. With this article, which appeared one year later, Strzygowski attempted to consolidate this argument on the basis of porphyry figure groups located in St. Mark's, Venice, and the Vatican Library. He proposes sources for these figures that point to the East and to Egypt, which he itemizes in terms of material, motif, and craftsmanship. Far from accepting the thesis of the decline of the oriental impulse and the complete victory of the Greco-Roman tradition, Strzygowski argues for the resurgence of Ancient Egyptian culture in the late Roman and early Christian period.

A New Defendant at the Table: An Overview of Missouri School Finance and Recent Litigation

Like many other states, Missouri has gone through several rounds of school finance litigation. However, the trial just concluded was unusual in two respects. First, three taxpayers were allowed to intervene for the defense and, in the process, raise important questions concerning the efficiency of school spending and broader questions of school reform. Second, the outcome at the circuit court level, which focused nearly entirely on points of law, was a complete victory for the defense. This article provides an overview of disputes of Missouri school finance and evidence pertaining to some of the points in dispute at the trial. These lessons generalize to other states facing school finance litigation. The authors conclude that changes in school funding formulas, and the seemingly interminable litigation about those formulas, are not an effective vehicle for addressing achievement gaps or the overall level of school performance.

“Complete Victory is Our Objective”: The National Council on Bible Curriculum in Public Schools

(2008). “Complete Victory is Our Objective”: The National Council on Bible Curriculum in Public Schools. Religion & Education: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 1-21.

Hong Mai’s Record of the Listener and Its Song Dynasty Context by Allister D. Inglis (review)

150 Journal of Chinese Religions For the history of religions the chief value of this book is its portrayal of a fundamental conflict between Buddhism and traditional Chinese family and political values, a conflict that ends with the complete victory of Buddhism. The dialogues between Miaoshan and her father are intense and sharp, as when he visits her in prison. When the emperor says, “How is one different from animals, birds and beasts if one does not follow a father’s instructions?”… Marvelous Goodness replies, “My father, the emperor, dear daddy, you are misled and deluded and unenlightened, and your perverse heart is all ablaze. This is not the behavior of a lord and emperor in possession of the Way! ...If you cannot control your family, how can you control the nation? If you are a Son of Heaven and an emperor of men, how would you, a father, ever think of entering into this side palace at midnight? How would it look if the world came to know this?” (pp. 110-111). In reply to one of her sisters the princess says, “One road leads to heaven, the other to hell. It is up to you to choose which one you want to go. I for sure will walk the road that leads to heaven. You are tied to the road to the prisons of hell!” (p. 77). And to the officials sent to persuade her she says, “Your fame may be spread throughout the wide world, but you will not escape from the cycle of birth and death….For all your smarts you’ve lost both body and mind. What is the use of your world-famous essays and writings? They’re shackles of fame and profit, utterly useless!” (p. 81). Here Buddhist ideas are the subversion that orthodox Confucians had always feared, still strongly expressed after 1400 years! The author also provides a translation of The Precious Scroll of Good-in-Talent and Dragon Girl, a short text that provides a scriptural basis for Guanyin’s chief acolytes, Shancai 善財 and Longnü 龍女, as well as a story about the White Parrot that is often portrayed with her (pp. 161-189). In the Introduction, Professor Idema also comments on a comparison of the Miaoshan story with stories of thirteenth century French female saints who courageously retained their virginity in the face of temptations and torture (pp. 14-18). In sum, this is an excellent book and translation that deserves to be read by students of Buddhism and of cultural conflicts. The only error I found in it was twice listing my name as David Overmyer, an honorable name, but not my own! DANIEL L. OVERMYER, Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia Hong Mai’s Record of the Listener and Its Song Dynasty Context ALLISTER D. INGLIS. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2006. xiii, 257 pages. ISBN 978-7914-6822-7. US$21.95 paper. The Yijianzhi 夷堅志 (Record of the Listener) by the Southern Song scholar Hong Mai 洪邁 (1123-1202) has always been an important source for the study of Song social and cultural Book Reviews 151 history, but this voluminous collection of Song anecdotal literature itself has remained little explored in English until Allister D. Inglis’ book-length study. In delving into some key features of Yijianzhi, ranging from its authorship, readership, themes, and genre to its textual transmission and contexts, Inglis enriches our understanding of the Yijianzhi in particular and the nature of zhiguai 志怪 writing in general. Inglis’ book opens with a general introduction to Hong Mai’s life and his compilation of Yijianzhi. It recognizes Yijianzhi as a “compendium of amateur or informal story-telling” (p. 2), drawing for its sources on both oral and written literature and from a wide range of social groups. It then traces the compilation of Yijianzhi’s original 420 chapters in 32 installments throughout Hong Mai’s lifetime and how it survives into the 207 chapters in its modern editions. In particular, Inglis uses several of Hong’s own family stories to illustrate the rich religious world in which Hong lived and therefore his enduring interest in collecting stories about the strange and the spirits. Chapter 2 focuses...

Cold War Lithuania: National Armed Resistance and Soviet Counterinsurgency

Following the defeat of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union sought to reestablish its control over the areas of Eastern Europe that it had occupied prior to the RussoGerman war. These areas included Western Ukraine, Byelorussia, and the Baltic States of Lithuanian, Latvia, and Estonia.2 In these regions, the Soviets found wellorganized underground resistance movements that were determined to hold off the complete Sovietization of their homelands, a task the Soviets had initially begun in 1940 and 1941, but which had been interrupted by war. While complete victory over the Soviets was recognized as an unreachable goal, these resistance fighters fought on in the hope that either the Soviets would grow weary of waging war or, as the above statement by Juozas Luksa suggests, the Western powers would return to finish the job of liberating Europe. Therefore, the period of 1944 to 1953 in this region is marked by an intense conflict between Eastern European guerrillas and Soviet counterinsurgency forces.

Clinical lessons from the first applications of BNCT on unresectable liver metastases.

After a long series of studies on the effects of neutron irradiation of 10B loaded neoplastic cells both in culture and in animal experiments, we started the clinical application of BNCT on humans affected by liver metastases of a radically resected colon adenocarcinoma. The procedure we adopted includes a first surgical phase, with hepatectomy; a radiotherapeutic phase, in which the isolated liver, washed and chilled, is extracorporeally irradiated with thermal neutrons; and then a second surgical phase for the reconnection of the liver to the patient. Until now two patients have been subjected to the BNCT treatment. The first one survived 44 months with a good quality of life, and died because of diffuse recurrences of his intestinal tumour. The second patient had the same early perioperative course, but after 33 days a worsening of a dilatative cardiomyopaty, from which he was suffering, determined a cardiac failure and eventually death. This clinical experience, although limited, has shown that extracorporeal neutron irradiation of the liver is a feasible procedure, able to ensure the complete destruction of liver metastases and a possible long lasting survival. In our patients neutron irradiation caused massive cellular necrosis highly specific to tumour cells, whereas normal cells were mostly spared. Nevertheless, the impact of such a traumatic operation on the patient's organism must be taken into account. Finally, we have to be aware that the fight against tumour rarely leads to a complete victory. We now have an innovative weapon which is both powerful and partly unsettled: it must be refined and above all used.

Deconstructing the Christian Merchant: Antonio and The Merchant of Venice

In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare tests the viability in the contemporary world of a marriage of venture capital and Christian ideals. The question that the play implicitly asks is whether Antonio can be simultaneously a merchant and a Christian: that is, a merchant and not in some way also a Jew, a Shylock. This article shows that although Antonio remains a model of friendship, love, and care in his relationships with all his Christian acquaintances, his stature as a Christian, as well as his attempt to disassociate himself from usury, is undermined by his obsessive hatred of Shylock. Furthermore, the aura of aristocratic Belmont and Portia's complete victory over Antonio in the final two acts deal a serious blow not only to Antonio's image, but to the notion of merchantry as a noble and knightly venture. The self-serving dichotomy between evil Jewish usurer and good Christian merchant turns out to be an inviable one--a construct that, unlike Belmont, cannot be sustained through artifice and rhetoric alone.

THE TALIBAN AND THE CIVIL WAR ENTANGLEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN

Research Article| June 18 2001 THE TALIBAN AND THE CIVIL WAR ENTANGLEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN Nasreen Ghufran Nasreen Ghufran Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Asian Survey (2001) 41 (3): 462–487. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2001.41.3.462 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nasreen Ghufran; THE TALIBAN AND THE CIVIL WAR ENTANGLEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN. Asian Survey 18 June 2001; 41 (3): 462–487. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2001.41.3.462 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. © Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Ethiopia and Eritrea

Ethiopia and Eritrea constituted one country between 1952 and 1993, and their current leaders were allies in the struggle against the Dergue communist regime in Ethiopia. However, neither seems able to end the border conflict between them, which in 1998-99 claimed tens of thousands of lives and cost hundreds of millions of dollars. As repeated international attempts at mediation come to naught, there is a danger that heavy fighting will resume, destabilising the entire region and undermining US Africa policy. With their national prestige based on past military victories, neither regime feels able to make concessions, although even complete victory would have enormous costs and few benefits.

A Deal with the Nazi Dictatorship?: Himmler's Alleged Peace Emissaries in Autumn 1943

During the second world war, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union declared that nazi Germany had to surrender unconditionally. For his part, Hitler was determined to fight on to complete victory or defeat, but not everyone on the German side was so rigid. Unofficially, some subordinate nazi officials sought to explore the possibilities of a compromise peace. Reliable evidence of what ensued is hard to come by, however, because of gaps in the documentary record, wartime disinformation by intelligence officials and postwar fictions. In selections from his (alleged) wartime diaries first published in 1947, Felix Kersten, physician and masseur to Heinrich Himmler, presented a detailed and dramatic account of his initiative to bring about a separate peace between nazi Germany and the West in late 1943. Kersten met in Stockholm an American named Abram

Postwar Stalinism

The first postwar elections to the USSR Supreme Soviet on 10 February 1946 took place in an atmosphere of great voter activity. The Soviet people voted harmoniously for the representatives of the indissoluble bloc of Communists and nonparty members. The lead article in Pravda the next day was headlined To the Complete Victory of Communism in our Country Under the Leadership of the Great Stalin! It spoke of the terrible sufferings of the war years, the difficulties of making the transition to peacetime, and the faith of the Soviet people, rallying closely around their beloved Leader, father, and teacher, … under his wise leadership, of their faith in the building of a communist society.

LYING TO THE TROOPS: AMERICAN LEADERS AND THE DEFENSE OF BATAAN

Abstract : Survivors of the failed Philippine campaign quietly languished in squalid prisoner of war camps or, in the case of the few who avoided capture, struck at the Japanese in unpublicized guerrilla raids. Many of these soldiers felt betrayed by both their government and commander. Their grievance went beyond President Roosevelt's order to General MacArthur to depart the Philippines in March 1942. It was rooted in widely disseminated promises MacArthur made to his soldiers beginning in the first weeks of the war. In message after message, the charismatic commander bolstered the hopes of his Filipino-American force by conjuring images of a vast armada steaming to relieve the besieged archipelago. Buoyed by this hope, the half-starved soldiers fought gallantly and continually frustrated the complete victory of the Japanese army. Even before his escape from the Philippines, MacArthur knew that relief of the islands was all but impossible. Although the soldiers stranded on the Philippines cursed MacArthur for deceiving them, it is clear that their commander was initially the victim of lies from his superiors in Washington. The venerable Secretary of War Henry Stimson, revered Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall, and the Commander-in-Chief Franklin Roosevelt are sullied by half-truths and false denials they conveyed to their field commander in the Pacific. There is no denying that assurances of relief raised the morale of the beleaguered Philippine garrison. But actions taken by American leaders to create false hope were wrong on two counts. First, the practical outcome of the Philippine campaign might have been favorably altered had local commanders been given a truthful assessment of the relief situation. Second and more important, the lies by Roosevelt, Stimson, Marshall, and MacArthur were unethical. Their infidelity was an unconscionable breach of faith that only deepened the final disillusionment of gallant fighters essentially abandoned by the United States.

The Military Procuracy Safeguarding Legality and Law and Order during the Great Patriotic War

Soviet law-enforcement organs, including the procuracy of the USSR and its combat section, the military procuracy—whose task was to maintain higher supervision of rigorous compliance with the law in the USSR Armed Forces and, at the same time, to enforce the principle of legality, an intrinsic aspect of the Soviet system from the very beginning—played a major role in the historic complete victory of the Soviet people over the shock troops of imperialism, fascist Germany. Throughout the Great Patriotic War, constitutional principles were unceasingly adhered to in the Soviet state and its armed forces, and the procurator's office maintained continuous supervision as the most important guarantee that the law would be followed.

Special Economic Zones: The Chinese Road to Socialism?

The death of Mao Zedong signifies a change of policies in China. The balanced growth of city and countryside which occurred in the Maoist era is now replaced by a relative emphasis on an elitist urban-based development strategy which manifested itself in the establishment of the four Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in 1980. Although the utilisation of foreign capital and the import of capitalist management skills are justified by means of Lenin's theory of state capitalism, it shows that problems such as the flourishing economic crime, the creation of housing classes, and the undermining of socialist relations of production have already emerged in Shenzhen SEZ after a few years of development. In this paper it is argued that the urban-based development strategy adopted by the new leadership should not be seen as a complete break with the Maoist strategy, as suggested by the employment of the dualistic approach—the radical line versus the revisionist line—in analysing Chinese development. In fact, the establishment of the SEZs and other commensurate measures do not necessarily indicate the Chinese road to capitalism or the complete victory of Deng Xiaoping and his followers, but they reveal that their ideas and policies continue to be counteracted and modified by the legacy of the Maoist vision.

Problems in the Study of Party History

Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party the Chinese people waged a long, heroic, and tenacious battle, which culminated in the complete victory of the new democratic revolution and the establishment of the glorious People's Republic of China. In the course of several decades of the most arduous and complex struggle, our party has accumulated a wealth of experience, some of it positive and some of it negative. The accurate propagation of this history of party struggle, together with the scientific study and summation of these historical experiences and lessons, have the greatest significance both in training our people and our descendants to carry on the party's revolutionary tradition and in inspiring us to strive mightily to realize the four modernizations on behalf of the fatherland.

General Beauregard's "Complete Victory" at Shiloh: An Interpretation

General Beauregard's "Complete Victory" at Shiloh: An Interpretation