Complete Vessels Research Articles

Sherds of societies: Quantitative and petrographic analysis of Neolithic ceramics in Northeast China

In China, Neolithic sites are routinely attributed to “archaeological cultures” through typological comparisons of complete pottery vessels. However, ceramic datasets have the potential to reveal more than a chrono-cultural attribution. Taking into account not only all the complete vessels but also all the sherds excavated from a site makes it possible to use quantitative analysis as well as morpho-stylistic and petrographic approaches to measure the heterogeneity of the ensemble and ask why and how it was formed. The Wutaishan site in Nong'an, Jilin province, located at the centre of Northeast China, was chosen to implement this methodology. The ceramology research on the complete pottery dataset excavated at this site sheds light on the long- and short-distance exchanges networks in Northeast China at the turn of the 4th millennium BCE, provides a new understanding of inter-site relations in the Yitong River valley, and opens perspectives on the interpretation of the functional spatial layout within the site itself.

14th–15th century potter’s workshop in Vilnius, Subačiaus street 11: statistical analysis of the shapes of household pottery

In this article, the shape of 14th–15th century pottery from Subačiaus Street 11, Vilnius, is analyzed through the application of big data analysis techniques (relational data model, Structured Query Language (SQL), programming language Python, and statistical methods). Two main tasks were carried out as part of this study, namely, the classification of the earliest shapes of pottery found in the potter’s workshop in Vilnius and the implementation of IT methods in the research of archaeological household pottery of Vilnius. A total of 1628 fragments of the upper part of vessels and complete vessels from two middens were analyzed to discern a morphological relationship of assemblages, to assess the diversity of shapes, as well as similarities and differences in techniques used during production. Further tasks include the classification of the shape of rims, profiles, and decorations. Both middens were found to contain pairs of similarly shaped sherds, leading us to conclude that although production was characterized by similar features, they were not identical—possibly due to minor differences in the chronology of the assemblages, different circumstances of artifacts’ deposition in archaeological layers, or because the two middens were used by several craftsmen with a common work experience.

Development and verification of a one-dimensional collision probability based neutron transport code to model axially heterogeneous cylindrical vessels containing aqueous and organic plutonium nitrate

This paper presents the development and verification of a collision probability (CP) code, capable of modelling neutron transport in one-dimensional slabs and axially heterogeneous cylinders with varying radii. The CP code is used to model layered systems of aqueous and organic plutonium nitrate, as process criticality accidents are more likely to occur in these systems compared to dry systems. The use of the CP code is desired as it offers a computationally inexpensive method for calculating neutron transport when compared to higher fidelity codes such as MCNP. For slab geometries, the CP code can be used effectively, given they contain at least 0.7 g cm−2 plutonium. The approximation employed by the CP code to model heterogeneous cylinders overestimated the rate of radial neutron leakage such that vessels with radii of 30.0 cm could not reliably calculate reactivity to within 1 $ of MCNP. Increasing the radii to 40.0 cm improved the accuracy of the CP code to within 1 $ of MCNP for systems containing at least 2.75 kg plutonium. The error in the CP code increased when used to model cylindrical geometries with dished ends and complete vessels with dished ends, such that systems with large dished ends and low plutonium content should be avoided. As a simple, neutronics based model, the CP code could be used as part of rough order of magnitude calculations for criticality transients, where high levels of accuracy are not required, given that potential errors in results have been previously identified.

Yellow Pottery in the Late Avar Period

Review article of PhD thesis submitted in 2022 to the Archaeological Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Takács Miklós.In her PhD dissertation, the author surveyed the yellow pottery finds of the Late Avar Period, collecting 1,032 fragments and complete vessels from 232 archaeological features. The term yellow pottery as a terminus technique refers to a pottery type characterised by a very diverse material composition, production method, shape, and decoration set.The related find material was classified into the following ‘functional’ types: 1. mug with a handle, 2. mug without a handle, 3. bottle, 4. kettle (spouted jug), 5. jug, 6. beaker, 7. bowl, 8. pot, 9. pitcher, 10. flat bottle (flask), and 11. amphora-like vessel.Workshops producing yellow pottery could be located in the close surroundings of Szekszárd (so-called Danube workshop circle), at the estuary of the Körös River, and in the outskirts of Hódmezővásárhely (so-called Tisza workshop circle). Yellow pottery from these workshops was (probably) transported on roads, the lines of which mostly matched the Roman and medieval ones.The Danube workshop circle started to produce yellow pottery at the start of the Late Avar Period. The Tisza workshop circle most likely started to operate in the third phase of the Late Avar Period (second part of the 8th century AD). Both workshops remained in business until the first half or the second third of the 9th century AD.

Phoenician Pottery in the Western Mediterranean: A New Perspective Based on the Early Iron Age (800–550 BC) Settlement of Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Catalonia)

One of the most important reception sites for Phoenician pottery imports in the NE Iberian Peninsula is the Early Iron Age (800–550 BC) settlement of Sant Jaume. This site is exceptional in terms of preservation and the large number of complete vessels recovered. Moreover, the ceramic assemblage comprises one of the best collections of the earliest wheel-thrown pottery that is considered evidence of trade from the western Phoenician colonies and their specific interest in exploiting metallurgical resources. In this research, a sample of 58 individuals of wheel-thrown pottery has been analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), petrography (PE), and scanning electron microscopy attached with an energy dispersive X-ray unit (SEM-EDX). It was possible to identify 29 ceramic groups, some of which correspond to known Phoenician workshops of southern Andalusia and Ibiza, though the origin of most groups remains to be determined. The wide variety of sources identified illuminates the patterns of trade and exchange that the Phoenicians developed during the Early Iron Age and the export of their manufactured products. This information is fundamental to our understanding of the economic system developed by the Western Mediterranean Phoenician colonies that affected and transformed indigenous communities in the Mediterranean region.

ЖИЛИЩЕ РАННЕСРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО ВРЕМЕНИ НА ПОСЕЛЕНИИ ПОМОРЦЕВО-2 (КУЗНЕЦКАЯ КОТЛОВИНА)

The article deals the results of the Pomortsevo-2 settlement excavations on the left bank part of the river Inya basin in the south-east of Kuznetsk hollow (the Belovo municipal district). One of the results of the field work is a dwelling with fragments of burnt construction containing 2 archaeologically complete Early Middle Ages vessels. A reconstruction of a dwelling was done which was a not deep pit of a rectangular shape with a light framed conical or multi-angular roof and a specially fitted entrance. As for cultural and chronological attribution, the assemblage is attributed to an early stage of the Upper Ob region archaeological culture and dated with 5th — Late 6th / Early 7th centuries. The chronology has been proved with C14 dating of a sample from a charcoal. In terms of theoretical method, it shows the specifics of late dwellings in ancient settlements with compressed archaeological layer. The urgency of the research comes from a lack of knowledge about the settlements of the second half of the I millinery AD on the territory of Kuznetsk hollow; uncertain cultural attribution of the early assemblages of the Middle Ages in forest-steppe Ob region. At present time, Pomortsevo-2 settlement is still a sole settlement which can be for sure associated with the early stage of the Upper Ob region culture, probably, its Kuznetsk variant.

The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition (The Söderberg Expedition): Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke 2020 and 2021. Preliminary results

In 2020 and 2021, the eleventh and twelfth seasons of excavations at the Late Bronze Age city of Hala Sultan Tekke were carried out in the cemetery of Area A. Based on indications provided by a large-scale magnetometer survey, two tombs exposed by intensive farming were located, Tombs RR and SS. The excavation of Tomb RR, which had started in 2018, was concluded. The total minimum number (MNI) of skeletons in this tomb, of which most were incomplete and disarticulated, is estimated at 137. In addition to clay figurines, seals and scarabs, objects of ivory, as well as jewellery of gold, silver, bronze, faience and carnelian, the inhumations are associated with more than 100 intact or complete ceramic vessels, many of them imported from the Mycenaean, Minoan, Hittite and Levantine spheres of culture. The pottery indicates a LC II(A/)B–C1 date of the inhumations, i.e., covering the 14th and the beginning of the 13th centuries BC. The excavations of the adjacent Tomb SS began in 2020 and has been concluded in May 2022. It contained a minimum of eleven inhumations, most of them (almost) complete and articulated, and large deposits of Cypriot and imported pottery, in total over 300 vessels mainly from the LC (I–)IIB, i.e., from the 16th/15th to mainly the 14th centuries BC. These contexts not only offer an insight into the complex Late Cypriot mortuary practices and funerary rituals but also reflect the urban élites with far-reaching inter-cultural connections.

Involvement of transmembrane protein 184a during angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos.

Angiogenesis, the outgrowth of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, is critical during development, tissue formation, and wound healing. In response to vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), endothelial cells are activated to proliferate and move towards the signal, extending the vessel. These events are directed by VEGF-VEGF receptor (Vegfr2) signal transduction, which in turn is modulated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs are glycoproteins covalently attached to HS glycosaminoglycan chains. Transmembrane protein 184a (Tmem184a) has been recently identified as a heparin receptor, which is believed to bind heparan sulfate chains in vivo. Therefore, Tmem184a has the potential to fine-tune interactions between VEGF and HS, modulating Vegfr2-dependent angiogenesis. The function of Tmem184a has been investigated in the regenerating zebrafish caudal fin, but its role has yet to be evaluated during developmental angiogenesis. Here we provide insights into how Tmem184a contributes to the proper formation of the vasculature in zebrafish embryos. First, we find that knockdown of Tmem184a causes a reduction in the number of intact intersegmental vessels (ISVs) in the zebrafish embryo. This phenotype mimics that of vegfr2b knockout mutants, which have previously been shown to exhibit severe defects in ISV development. We then test the importance of HS interactions by removing the binding domain within the Tmem184a protein, which has a negative effect on angiogenesis. Tmem184a is found to act synergistically with Vegfr2b, indicating that the two gene products function in a common pathway to modulate angiogenesis. Moreover, we find that knockdown of Tmem184a leads to an increase in endothelial cell proliferation but a decrease in the amount of VE-cadherin present. Together, these findings suggest that Tmem184a is necessary for ISVs to organize into mature, complete vessels.

Pottery from Tell Khaiber: A Craft Tradition of the First Sealand Dynasty By Daniel Calderbank (Archaeology of Ancient Iraq 1). Ludlow: Moonrise Press 2021. Pp. xii + 282. £ 35. ISBN 978-1-910169-02-5 (cloth).

<i>Pottery from Tell Khaiber: A Craft Tradition of the First Sealand Dynasty</i> By Daniel Calderbank (Archaeology of Ancient Iraq 1). Ludlow: Moonrise Press 2021. Pp. xii + 282. £ 35. ISBN 978-1-910169-02-5 (cloth).

A Weakly Supervised Framework for 2D/3D Vascular Registration Oriented to Incomplete 2D Blood Vessels

Registering preoperative 3D computed tomography (CT) to intraoperative 2D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) can complete the missing part of 2D vessels by 3D-2D projection, which is useful for the guidance of vascular interventional surgery. However, vessel excalation in DSAs remains hard for registration in clinical circumstances. To overcome this challenge, we proposed a weakly supervised 2D/3D vascular registration framework to improve the performance on DSAs with incomplete vessels. We combined a CNN regressor with a novel 3D-2D mask projection module to build the full network. Then a two-step training procedure is employed, including supervised pre-training on simulated images and weakly supervised finetuning on DSAs. In addition, a patch-based content loss is introduced in the finetuning step to give an appropriate similarity measure for images with incomplete vessels. We evaluated our method on both simulated and real images. Experiments prove that our proposed method is effective to improve the backbone regressor’s registration performance on incomplete vessels and has the ability to complete vessels in DSAs with high recall.

Cryptorchidism in children: Predictive factors of orchidopexy failure and postoperative testicular atrophy

Outcomes of orchidopexy for undescended testes may be disappointing. The aim of our study was to identify predictive factors of testicular atrophy and orchidopexy failure. It was a prospective monocentric study including all boys operated for undescended testes between January 2009 and December 2014. We have recorded for all boys: age at surgery, testes volume and position, epididymo-testicular fusion and spermatic vessels abnormalities, surgical technique, need for extensive cord dissection and tension-free orchidopexy. We have included 688 boys operated for undescended testes. The whole number of undescended testes was 816. Predictive factors for postoperative testicular atrophy in univariate analysis were: testicular position in deep inguinal orifice, intra-abdominal testes, hypotrophic preoperative testes, epididymo-testicular fusion and spermatic vessels abnormalities, laparoscopic orchidopexy, complete testicular vessels skeletonization and under-tension orchidopexy. In multivariate analysis, peroperative testicular hypotrophy and testicular position in deep inguinal orifice have been identified as independent factors of postoperative atrophy. Predictive factors for testicular reascension in univariate analysis were: intra-abdominal testis position, scrotal orchidopexy and under-tension orchidopexy. In multivariate analysis, no independent factor was identified. Peroperative testicular hypotrophy and testicular position in deep inguinal orifice have been identified as independent factors of postoperative atrophy. There was no independent predictive factor for postoperative testicular reascension. 2.

Individual Vessels, Individual Burials? New Evidence on Early Neolithic Funerary Practices on the Iberian Peninsula's Western Façade

Early Neolithic funerary practices and the meaning of complete ceramic vessels found isolated are poorly researched topics in western Iberia. However, recent archaeological salvage excavations at Armazéns Sommer and Palácio Ludovice in Lisbon have revealed individual burial pits of male individuals laid in a foetal position and directly associated with necked vessels. These discoveries suggest that finds of isolated vessels, known since the beginning of the twentieth century in Portugal and usually found fortuitously apparently without archaeological context, may also have originally belonged to similar burials, unnoticed by their finders. This hypothesis opens new perspectives for the interpretation of such finds, which are inventoried in the present article.

КОЛЛЕКЦИЯ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО СТЕКЛА ИЗ РАСКОПОК Г. ТИГРАНАКЕРТ В АРЦАХЕ / ԱՐՑԱԽԻ ՏԻԳՐԱՆԱԿԵՐՏԻ ՄԻՋՆԱԴԱՐՅԱՆ ԱՊԱԿԻՆ / MEDIEVAL GLASS FROM TIGRANAKERT CITY IN ARTSAKH

The collection of medieval glass from Tigranakert city in Artsakh is consists of 1545 items. Fragments of medieval glassware were found in the cultural layers of the 5th-7th, 9th-11th and 12th-13th centuries in the Central District, as well as in the 12th-13th century layer in the Fortified District. It should be noted, that the remains of glass production - the furnace and the stone smelter for glass - were opened in the excavation of the Medieval Square in the Central District. This indicated on the local production of glass. The furnace is round laid out from bricked in 5 rows: the bricks are burnt, many are broken in to half. The inner diameter of the furnace is 0.78 m. The inside of the furnace was filled with pieces of brick and tiles. This glass workshop probably belonged to the type where the glass was not boiled, but processed by melting pieces of glass. The small pieces of such glass were found in the excavation site. Judging by the excavation layer, it belonged to the early medieval period. The operating time of a similar furnace is limited by the 5-6 years, but the tradition of glass production was preserved later. So, manufacturing defects from glass bracelets production were found in the layers of the 11th-12th centuries. The whole mass of glass objects, according to the meaning of their use, can be divided into two groups: jewelry (bracelets and beads) and vessels, among which a group of oil lamps can be distinguished. Unfortunately, no complete vessels have been found and the glass fragments sometimes are quite small, so through them it is difficult to understand the shape and use of the vessels.

Roman pottery from the Building C4 pantry in the Qasr al-Bint area of Petra

The remains of a Nabataean private complex located west of the Roman-period apsidal building in the Qasr al-Bint area of Petra, excavated by the French archaeological team between 2005 and 2008, turned out to be reused by squatters during the Roman period. This occupation phase, one of the latest in this complex, was of a domestic nature, characterized by the installation of ovens (tawabeen) and other fireplaces, as well as the installation of a channel in the courtyard. The large assemblage of well preserved, often complete pottery vessels from the corresponding levels was dated by coins and Nabataean pottery, supported by radiocarbon datings, to the second half of the 2nd and the early 3rd century CE. Consequently, the group offers the opportunity to study a homogeneous corpus of ceramic material from a period that is not at all well documented in Petra. The repertoire includes all kinds of vessels, especially cooking pots, small storage jars and drinking vessels. In addition, a set of multi-nozzled lamps was associated with this group.

Діагностика, лікування та реабілітація перекруту яєчка в дітей (огляд літератури)

Testiculat torsion (TT) is an emergency condition that is accompanied by partial or complete chorda spermatica vessels compression resulting in testicular infraction. TT main symptoms are sharp pain, scrotal hyperemia, generalized edema, nausea, vomiting and unconsciousness. However, these symptoms are characteristic of many other acute diseases of genital gland. In course of time the symptoms are less defined, which in its turn raises the issue of timely differential diagnostics. Purpose – to optimize and generalize about modern literature data on testicular torsion in children diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation. Medical history taking, considering clinical data and checking the symptoms typical for PP during diagnostic process is crucial. It is important to use instrumental diagnostic methods, with echographic and scyntigraphic ones to be the main ones. After having confirmed PP diagnosis, treatment has to be started immediately. There are two methods of testicular detorsion, i.e. manual bloodless detorsion and invasive detorsion with further orchiopexy. Post-surgical phase is significant for preserving the patient’s fertility in the future. Post-TT rehabilitation includes medication, physiotherapeutic procedures, genital gland fixing from contralateral side, and, in case of testicle loss through non-timely treatment, testicle endoprosthesing. Testicular torsion is a complicated and understudied issue. Critical ischemia sets on in 12–16 hours from the onset of disease. As of today, the issue of diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with acute testicular torsion has not been studied completely and requires further study. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: testicular torsion, differential diagnosis, orchiopexy, endoprosthesis.

Integrated thermoacoustic and ultrasound imaging based on the combination of a hollow concave transducer array and a linear transducer array

To integrate the high resolution of ultrasound imaging (UI) and the high tissue specificity of thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) and to achieve an easy and precise co-registration of the two different imaging modalities, we present and demonstrate a hybrid thermoacoustic and ultrasound (TA/US) imaging system based on the combination of a novel hollow concave array and a commercial linear array. This TA/US imaging system can provide enhanced imaging of both tissues’ mechanical and dielectric properties. We verified the effective imaging performance of the hybrid TA/US system using tissue phantom experiments. In vivo TA/US imaging of the wrist and foot in healthy volunteers was also demonstrated using the hybrid system. This hollow concave array provided enhanced imaging performance for TAI because of its wide angular coverage with an optimal center frequency, showing a large effective imaging field of view (FOV) and improved images with high contrast and superior quality. Compared with stand-alone UI or TAI, the hybrid TA/US imaging presented more complete tissue anatomical structures, like skin, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, and bones for possible human disease diagnosis, although the US image quality using the hybrid system was slightly lower because the distance between the tissue and commercial ultrasound array was not ideal. This study suggests that the hybrid TA/US imaging approach has the potential to become a clinical tool for diagnosis of diseases in the wrist and foot.

Necrotizing Fasciitis Causing Complete Femoral Vessels Necrosis and Thrombosis in an Intravenous Drug Abuser: A Case Report

Background: Intravenous drug abuse is an anciently known health and social problem worldwide. The nonsterile application of addicting drugs leads to severe life-threatening vascular complications. The femoral triangle is an easy target for this purpose. Groin necrotic fasciitis (NF) with vessel necrosis is a challenging diagnosis that requires prompt treatment. Case Report: A 44-year-old male intravenous drug user presented for a left groin pain. He was diagnosed by computed tomography scan to have necrotizing fasciitis. Urgent debridement was performed and identified infected and necrotic ruptured femoral vessels without active bleeding. Debridement with vessel ligation was performed, and delayed revascularization was planned. The patient was admitted six weeks later with a left fifth toe necrosis and delayed arterial revascularization was performed via extra-anatomic trans-obturator ilio-femoral anastomosis. The patient had a favorable follow-up. Conclusion: NF in intravenous drug abusers should always be taken into consideration when a patient presents with groin pain and swelling. Urgent surgical control should be established. Extra-anatomical trans-obturator ilio-femoral anastomosis is a good option for revascularization.

The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2020 (The Söderberg Expedition): Excavations in the cemetery of Hala Sultan Tekke

In autumn 2020, the 11th season of excavations at the Late Bronze Age city of Hala Sultan Tekke took place in extramural Area A, where, based on indications provided by magnetometer surveys, tombs, possible ritual pits, and numerous wells were found, but no architectural remains. Tomb RR, which had been partly exposed in 2018 and 2019, was further excavated. It revealed a preliminary minimum total of 54 individuals (MNI) and numerous artefacts including, inter alia, complete ceramic vessels, figurines, jewellery, ivory objects, a scarab and a cylinder seal. The life span of the tomb can, on the evidence to date, be assigned from the LC IIA1 to LC IIC1 period, i.e., roughly from the last quarter of the 15th to the end of the 14th or the beginning of the 13th century BCE. Just to the south of Tomb RR another magnetic anomaly, Tomb SS, was investigated. Only the uppermost burial layer was reached, which was covered by two large deposits of several hundred intact or fully restorable ceramic vessels. These include various types of Cypriot tableware, as well as imports from the Aegean, Anatolia and the Levant. The preliminary date of these contexts is LC IIA˗B, i.e., roughly the last quarter of the 15th to the last quarter of the 14th century BCE. Since neither tomb has been completely exposed, excavations in the protected area will continue in spring 2021.

Centralized power/decentralized production? Angkorian stoneware and the southern production complex of Cheung Ek, Cambodia

In this paper we highlight the potential of compositional characterisation (NAA) of Khmer stonewares for understanding regional economic development in the Angkorian Empire (c. 9 th −15 th c CE). A central feature of the Angkorian economy was the precocious development of sophisticated craft industries. Of the multiple crafts produced in this empire, stoneware production stands out for two reasons: empire transport networks closely articulated with the location of stoneware production complexes best known in central Angkor and on the Khorat plateau northwest of Angkor; and distribution/consumption patterns of Angkorian stoneware map directly onto the empire's geopolitical extent. As part of a larger geochemical provenancing project concerned with Khmer stoneware production and exchange, we present and discuss results for Cheung Ek, a southern Cambodian provincial complex for production of both stoneware and earthenware. The similarities (shared local resources) and differences in the organization of local production are striking between stoneware and earthenware production. Comparison with previously published Khmer stoneware kiln complexes confirms that each has a unique and readily identifiable geochemical profile. By establishing a geochemical baseline this work highlights the potential of stonewares for developing a deeper understanding of Khmer craft production and distribution dynamics in future comparisons between stoneware production, Khmer settlement and ritual contexts. This elemental baseline will also enable future evaluation of the potential discriminating power of other, field deployable but less sensitive non-destructive analytic techniques such as pXRF and pLIBS, particularly in relation to extending this work to checking production origins of complete Khmer stoneware vessels held in museum collections.

Vasculogenesis from Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Grown in Matrigel with Fully Defined Serum-Free Culture Media.

The generation of vasculature is one of the most important challenges in tissue engineering and regeneration. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are some of the most promising stem cell types to induce vasculogenesis and angiogenesis as they not only secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but can also differentiate in vitro into both endotheliocytes and pericytes in serum-free culture media. Moreover, hDPSCs can generate complete blood vessels containing both endothelial and mural layers in vivo, upon transplantation into the adult brain. However, many of the serum free media employed for the growth of hDPSCs contain supplements of an undisclosed composition. This generates uncertainty as to which of its precise components are necessary and which are dispensable for the vascular differentiation of hDPSCs, and also hinders the transfer of basic research findings to clinical cell therapy. In this work, we designed and tested new endothelial differentiation media with a fully defined composition using standard basal culture media supplemented with a mixture of B27, heparin and growth factors, including VEGF-A165 at different concentrations. We also optimized an in vitro Matrigel assay to characterize both the ability of hDPSCs to differentiate to vascular cells and their capacity to generate vascular tubules in 3D cultures. The description of a fully defined serum-free culture medium for the induction of vasculogenesis using human adult stem cells highlights its potential as a relevant innovation for tissue engineering applications. In conclusion, we achieved efficient vasculogenesis starting from hDPSCs using serum-free culture media with a fully defined composition, which is applicable for human cell therapy purposes.