Complete Section Research Articles

Restoration of mental nerve function in major ablation surgeries

Ordinary sensation of the skin of lower lip, chin and lower labial mucosa and lower anterior gingivae are supplied by mental nerve, a bifurcated terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve of trigeminal nerve. Severance (Complete section or tearing) of mental nerve is not uncommon in ablation surgeries in the treatment of oral and facial malignancy. Patient suffers complete sensory loss and numbness at the skin of lower lip and chin area-is often a social embarrassment for the victim when liquid food/drink spills over the lower lip and chin, in public, without appreciation by the victim.

The stability research of complete hydraulic sections of mechanized roof support

The stability research of complete hydraulic sections of mechanized roof support

Source-inherited compositional diversity in granite batholiths: The geochemical message of Late Paleozoic intrusive magmatism in central Calabria (southern Italy)

The Serre Batholith, in central Calabria, is a Late Paleozoic granitoid complex that makes up the middle portion, ca. 13km thick, of a continuous and nearly complete section of the continental crust. The batholith displays a large compositional variety, with granitoid rocks ranging with continuity from quartz diorite to syenogranite, a distinct group of leucotonalites also occur. The granitoids are on the whole magnesian and calcic to calc-alkalic, with only some of the more evolved rocks showing a ferroan calc-alkalic to alkali-calcic composition. Quartz diorites and tonalites are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, while granodiorites and granites are weakly to strongly peraluminous, with two-mica porphyritic types being the only population with a genuine strongly peraluminous character. Fe*-number, MALI and ASI features highlight a strong affinity of the Serre Batholith rocks with Cordilleran granitoids, inherited from the compositions of the source rocks rather than reflecting the real tectonic environment of the magmas. Major trace element and existing Sr-Nd data are consistent with an origin of the Serre Batholith from the assembling of several batches of magmas with specific original compositions derived by fluid-absent melting of different crustal sources.Quartz diorites and tonalites originated from a metabasaltic magma source, whereas metagraywackes with various mafic and pelitic contents appear the most likely sources of weakly peraluminous granodiorites and strongly peraluminous granodiorites and granites. Biotite±amphibole granodiorites could also have been derived from mafic-intermediate metaigneous sources. Two-mica porphyritic leucogranites are the only rock types representing pure crustal melts, resulting from melting of mafic pelitic sources. The other granitoid compositions are too silica-poor and MgO+FeOt rich to represent pure melts, so they need to include other components, such as solid restitic/peritectic material entrained from the magma source.Mantle-derived magmas do not appear to have played a role in the geochemical diversity of the Serre Batholith granitoids; their inherited arc signature resulted from partial melting of crustal material of magmatic arc derivation, such as magnesian igneous rocks and sediments derived from their rapid erosion. This study suggests that post-collisional granitoid magmatism is likely not to be associated with the direct generation of new continental crust; all the granitoid rock types appear to represent recycled and reworked crustal material.

High-Speed Measurement of Complex Shaped Parts at Elevated Temperature by Laser Triangulation

The increasing quality expectations and the global competition push manufacturing industry to adopt strategies of lean manufacturing and precision engineering. In order to reach these aims it is necessary that the measuring process is integrated in the production chain to provide timely feedback for process control. Nowadays, however, forged products are typically measured after the cool-down process, which can take several hours. The advantages obtainable if forgings would be measured online are clear: deviations in the production process would be recognized earlier and the production process could be promptly adjusted. On-line measurement capabilities have the potential to reduce overall production costs and consequently are of interest to many forging industries, including those producing complex products such as turbine blades. Under these circumstances, the HOTGAUGE project was initiated: an international EUROSTARS project with the goal to develop a measuring system, capable of measuring freeform shaped parts at elevated temperature (approx. 800°C) directly after the forging step. The output of the measuring system is a 3D model of the hot part including temperature information. The 3D coordinate measuring system is composed by two main subsystems: a 2D laser-triangulation system capable to scan a complete section of the part, and a moving platform, which moves the part through the measuring plane. The architecture and the components of the measurement system as well as measurement results are presented in this paper.

A Wideband Beamforming Lowpass Filter for 60 GHz Phased-Array Receivers

This paper presents an analog baseband beamforming topology, which combines phase shifting, signal combination, and biquadratic lowpass filtering in one block. This reduces the number of stages cascaded in a receiver chain, leading to a shorter signal path, thus improving the dynamic range. Flexibility of the proposed solution is illustrated with different possible implementations depending on the top-level chip floorplan. It is shown that the proposed structure does not introduce extra power consumption compared to the conventional approach, while obtaining a higher SNR. A four-antenna-path version of the proposed topology is implemented in 40 nm low-power CMOS as a prototype together with a variable gain block forming a complete analog baseband section for a phased-array receiver. The functionality includes beamforming with a resolution better than 6.8 degrees, fourth-order lowpass filtering with a 1 GHz cutoff frequency, variable gain between 10.6 and 30 dB and automatic DC offset compensation. Output IP3 above 10 dBm and output noise below 4.2 mVrms over the whole gain range yield an SFDR larger than 31.2 dB, which is sufficient for 16-QAM modulation according to IEEE 802.11ad. The circuit consumes between 30 and 42 mW.

Interhemispheric Vertical Hemispherotomy: A Single Center Experience

Purpose: Hemispheric epileptogenic lesions such as hemimegalencephaly often manifest as intractable epilepsy in early infancy. Hemispherotomy is the treatment of choice for controlling intractable hemispheric epilepsy. Less invasive procedures are desirable for surgery on infants with low body weight. This study compared our experience with interhemispheric vertical hemispherotomy (IVH) and peri-insular lateral hemispherotomy (PIH). Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients underwent hemispherotomy for treatment of intractable epilepsy in our institution between 2001 and 2012. The etiology of epilepsy included hemimegalencephaly in 7 patients and cortical dysplasia in 3. PIH was performed on the first 5 patients and IVH on the last 8 patients. In the latter procedure, complete section of the corpus callosum was first performed via the interhemispheric approach. After removing part of the cingulate gyrus, section of the descending fibers was performed anterolaterally to the thalamus. Clinical characteristics, duration of operation and amount of blood transfusion were compared between the PIH and IVH groups. Results: There was no difference in age at surgery, body weight and age of epilepsy onset between the two groups. No surgery-related death was observed. No patients required shunt operation. One patient who underwent IVH required reoperation for incomplete disconnection. The amount of intraoperative blood transfusion was smaller and the total duration of operation was shorter in the IVH group than in the PIH group. Conclusion: The interhemispheric approach minimizes cortical resection and may be less invasive than PIH. IVH is advantageous for treating infants with low body weight.

Role of Surface Energy Coefficients and Temperature in the Fusion Reactions Induced by Weakly Bound Projectiles

A systematic study is provided to analyze the behaviors of the interaction potential and complete fusion cross section which are influenced by the effects of the surface energy coefficients γ and temperature T. Our framework is restricted to the proximity formalism for fusion reactions induced by weakly bound projectiles 6Li, 7Li and 9Be. The different surface energy coefficients (γ-MN76, γ-MN95, γ-MS00 and γ-PD03) are used to study the role of the parameter γ in the proximity potentials AW 95 and BW 91. Comparison of the theoretical and the experimental values of the barrier characteristics (barrier heights and its positions) indicates that the modified versions AW 95 (γ-MS00) and BW 91 (γ-MS00) give the least deviations for fusion barrier heights. Moreover, it is shown that the temperature-dependence improves the calculated barrier heights based on the potentials AW 95 and BW 91. In the present study, the analysis of the mentioned effects on the complete fusion cross sections has been also discussed for the systems of interest. The obtained results reveal that the above-modified versions provide a more accurate description for behavior of the complete fusion cross sections than the original potentials at above-barrier energies. It is demonstrated that the increase of the temperature T enhances the complete fusion suppression at this energy range.

Inducing hindlimb locomotor recovery in adult rat after complete thoracic spinal cord section using repeated treadmill training with perineal stimulation only.

Although a complete thoracic spinal cord section in various mammals induces paralysis of voluntary movements, the spinal lumbosacral circuitry below the lesion retains its ability to generate hindlimb locomotion. This important capacity may contribute to the overall locomotor recovery after partial spinal cord injury (SCI). In rats, it is usually triggered by pharmacological and/or electrical stimulation of the cord while a robot sustains the animals in an upright posture. In the present study we daily trained a group of adult spinal (T7) rats to walk with the hindlimbs for 10 wk (10 min/day for 5 days/wk), using only perineal stimulation. Kinematic analysis and terminal electromyographic recordings revealed a strong effect of training on the reexpression of hindlimb locomotion. Indeed, trained animals gradually improved their locomotion while untrained animals worsened throughout the post-SCI period. Kinematic parameters such as averaged and instant swing phase velocity, step cycle variability, foot drag duration, off period duration, and relationship between the swing features returned to normal values only in trained animals. The present results clearly demonstrate that treadmill training alone, in a normal horizontal posture, elicited by noninvasive perineal stimulation is sufficient to induce a persistent hindlimb locomotor recovery without the need for more complex strategies. This provides a baseline level that should be clearly surpassed if additional locomotor-enabling procedures are added. Moreover, it has a clinical value since intrinsic spinal reorganization induced by training should contribute to improve locomotor recovery together with afferent feedback and supraspinal modifications in patients with incomplete SCI.

Gap analysis of infection control practices in low- and middle-income countries.

Healthcare-associated infection rates are higher in low- and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries, resulting in relatively larger incidence of patient mortality and disability and additional healthcare costs. To use the Infection Control Assessment Tool to assess gaps in infection control (IC) practices in the participating countries. Six international sites located in Argentina, Greece, Hungary, India, Nepal, and South Africa provided information on the health facility and the surgical modules relating to IC programs, surgical antibiotic use and surgical equipment procedures, surgical area practices, sterilization and disinfection of equipment and intravenous fluid, and hand hygiene. Modules were scored for each country. The 6 international sites completed 5 modules. Of 121 completed sections, scores of less than 50% of the recommended IC practices were received in 23 (19%) and scores from 50% to 75% were received in 43 (36%). IC programs had various limitations in many sites and surveillance of healthcare-associated infections was not consistently performed. Lack of administration of perioperative antibiotics, inadequate sterilization and disinfection of equipment, and paucity of hand hygiene were found even in a high-income country. There was also a lack of clearly written defined policies and procedures across many facilities. Our results indicate that adherence to recommended IC practices is suboptimal. Opportunities for improvement of IC practices exist in several areas, including hospital-wide IC programs and surveillance, antibiotic stewardship, written and posted guidelines and policies across a range of topics, surgical instrument sterilization procedures, and improved hand hygiene.

Coupling effects on the fusion ofLi6+Sm154at energies slightly above the Coulomb barrier

Measurements of complete and incomplete fusion cross sections for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}+^{154}\mathrm{Sm}$ have been performed at energies above the Coulomb barrier by the online $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray method, to investigate the effect of breakup and inelastic couplings on the complete fusion (CF) of this weakly bound system. We show that inelastic excitation couplings have non-negligible effects, when compared with the breakup effect, for deformed nuclei at energies very close to the Coulomb barrier. The average CF suppression corresponding to dynamic breakup effects was found to be around 35%. The total fusion cross section is not affected by the breakup coupling. A comparison between the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$-induced CF suppression for three different samarium isotopes shows that the breakup effect is larger for the more spherical isotope.

The Lower Palaeozoic now fully cored and logged on Bornholm, Denmark

A 558 m long, complete section of the Lower Palaeozoic succession preserved onshore southern Bornholm has been compiled from five fully cored scientific wells, carried out between 2005 and 2012. The scientific programme included coring and geophysical logging of the five scientific wells that yielded a total of c. 750 m of partially overlapping cores as well as re-logging of water wells and acquisition of shallow seismic data. The last well drilled, the Sommerodde-1, cored the youngest preserved Silurian strata on Bornholm including strata not exposed in outcrops. The well penetrated 168.1 m of Silurian shales, 42.7 m of Upper Ordovician shales and 27.9 m of Alum Shale before it terminated at a depth of 250.3 m in the Lower Cambrian Norretorp Member of the Læså Formation. Th e Sommerodde-1 well documents that the Lower Silurian Cyrtograptus shale is at least 91.7 m thick and that the Rastrites shale is 76.4 m thick. The complete Lower Cambrian succession has previously been covered by the 316.0 m deep Borggård-1 well that terminated in basement rocks (Nielsen et al. 2006).

Search of a systematic behaviour for the weakly bound complete fusion suppression caused by breakup

We discuss the effect of breakup on the complete and total fusion cross sections of weakly bound nuclei, both stable and radioactive, at near barrier energies. We show that there is suppression of the complete fusion of non-halo nuclei and total fusion of neutron- halo nuclei at energies above the barrier, whereas there is some enhancement at sub-barrier energies. We investigate a systematic behaviourfor this effect for several weakly bound systems.

Terapia a laser de baixa intensidade na regeneração do tecido nervoso após lesão medular

Objective. Conduct a literature review about the low intensity la­ser therapy (LILT) action on regeneration of central nervous tissue after spinal cord injury (SCI). Method. We searched for articles on Medline, Scielo, and Lilacs, from 2002 to 2014, with the descriptors: low intensity laser therapy, spinal cord, wounds and injuries. Results. Seven studies related to the theme were identified. The animal model was used in most of them (86%), and one (14%) used human. The wavelength varied from 780-904 nm, dose of 1.59-20 J/cm, exposure time of 2-30 minutes, irradiation period of 5-21 consecutive days, and the study with humans conducted 40-57 sessions (not consecu­tive). The cited forms of irradiation were transcutaneous and punc­tual. Two studies used cell transplantation associated with LILT. The cause of SCI ranged from complete section, hemisection, and contu­sion. All studies showed positive results of LILT. Conclusion. LILT exerts effects on SCI, decreasing the inflammatory process, decreasing cytokines and chemokines, improving the distribution of fibrocarti­lage/elastin, increasing axonal budding, which consequently lessened cavitation at the lesion site, improved evoked somatosensory poten­tial, and improved functional recovery.

Role of Arc Processes in the Formation of Continental Crust

We review data and recent research on arc composition, focusing on the relatively complete arc crustal sections in the Jurassic Talkeetna arc (south central Alaska) and the Cretaceous Kohistan arc (northwest Pakistan), together with seismic data on the lower crust and uppermost mantle. Whereas primitive arc lavas are dominantly basaltic, the Kohistan crust is clearly andesitic and the Talkeetna crust could be andesitic. The andesitic compositions of the two arc sections are within the range of estimates for the major element composition of continental crust. Calculated seismic sections for Kohistan and Talkeetna provide a close match for the thicker parts of the active Izu arc, suggesting that it, too, could have an andesitic bulk composition. Because andesitic crust is buoyant with respect to the underlying mantle, much of this material represents a net addition to continental crust. Production of bulk crust from a parental melt in equilibrium with mantle olivine or pyroxene requires processing of igneous crust, probably via density instabilities. Delamination of dense cumulates from the base of arc crust, foundering into less dense, underlying mantle peridotite, is likely, as supported by geochemical evidence from Talkeetna and Kohistan. Relamination of buoyant, subducting material—during sediment subduction, subduction erosion, arc-arc collision, and continental collision—is also likely.

Effect of volar angulation of extra-articular distal radius fractures on distal radioulnar joint stability: a biomechanical study.

The relationship between increased volar tilt of the distal radius and distal radioulnar joint stability was examined. Distal radioulnar joint stiffness was recorded at 10° intervals from 10° dorsal angulation to 20° of volar angulation from the anatomical position of the radius. Tests were performed with the intact radioulnar ligament and repeated after partial and then complete sectioning of the radioulnar ligament at the ulnar fovea. With the intact radioulnar ligament, distal radioulnar joint stiffness increased significantly at 10° and 20° of volar angulation. Partial sectioning of the radioulnar ligament resulted in an approximate 10% decrease of distal radioulnar joint stiffness compared with the intact state, but distal radioulnar joint stiffness still increased significantly with greater volar tilt. Complete sectioning of the radioulnar ligament significantly decreased distal radioulnar joint stiffness, and increasing the volar tilt did not result in increased distal radioulnar joint stiffness. These results suggest that volar angulation deformities of the distal radius should be corrected to 10° of volar tilt when the triangular fibrocartilage complex is intact. Level of evidence: N/A.

Small suppression of the complete fusion of theLi6+Zr96system at near-barrier energies

The measurements of complete fusion cross sections for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}+^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ have been performed at energies around the Coulomb barrier by the online $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray method. The complete fusion cross sections at above-barrier energies were found to be suppressed by $\ensuremath{\sim}25%$. A comparison of the systematics of complete fusion suppression with the existing data for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$+ heavy targets with the present results shows that the systematics of the suppression factor observed for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$-induced fusion in the heavy mass region may not be consistent in lighter target mass region.

Vegetation pattern in shell ridge island in China’s Yellow River Delta

In general, coastal habitat conditions are extremely harsh, with the ecological equilibrium inextricably related to the plant community. Understanding the natural vegetation features of a coastal zone with little human disturbance could provide a reference for future vegetation restoration and ecosystem maintenance services. In this study, the vegetation patterns of Wangzi Shell Ridge Island in the Yellow River Delta were investigated. A total of 35 taxa of vascular plants were documented, representing 15 families and 33 genera (of which most were mono-specific). Surveys identified only one to eight taxa in each plot. From sea to land, the vegetation showed a typical zonal distribution pattern. There was a correlation between the landform and important factors that influenced the plants including soil factors and distance from the sea. Thus, the taxa distribution and vegetation had a significant correlation with landform. The dune crest, backdune and interdune lowlands were areas with weak storm surges and were the important locations for the taxa to be become established. Plants along the high-tide line formed important defenses from large waves and high winds. The significant protection provided a suitable living environment for many organisms with high medicinal value. Special attention and protection could be provided to this area by reducing the use of the beach road and enclosing the complete section from sea to land with a protective fence. In addition, vegetation protection and restoration on Shell Ridge Island would aid in the formulation and implementation of reintroduction strategies for similar vegetation in similar habitats.

Capabilities of a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor System to Monitor the Inelastic Response of Concrete Sections in New Tunnel Linings Subjected to Earthquake Loading

AbstractIn a comprehensive experimental campaign, we investigated the capabilities of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors in monitoring the inelastic response of new circular concrete tunnel linings, subjected to seismic events. The FBG sensors measured the strains of steel reinforcement to be treated by a decision support system (DSS). First, a set of four‐point bending tests was performed on tunnel substructures, with the aim of characterizing the cross‐section under cyclic loading and of designing an FBG sensor package for use in a unique full‐scale test on a structure, which represented a complete circular section of the tunnel lining. Several types of FBG packages, to be embedded in and applied externally to the tunnel section, were tested to find the best solution. For comparison purposes, some standard devices were also used. The results of the experimental campaign are presented in detail, highlighting the performance of FBG sensors in reliable inelastic strain measurement of ductile concrete sections in seismic zones. Finally, the use of these data by a DSS allowed for the estimate of current structural conditions and damage at the monitored sections.

Oncologic aspects of long-term followed incidental prostate cancer detected by cystoprostatectomy in Korean patients.

PurposeTo determine the incidence and clinical features of incidentally discovered prostate adenocarcinoma in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy (CPT) for bladder cancer.MethodsNinety-six consecutive patients scheduled to undergo CPT were prospectively enrolled. The prostates were excised completely during CPT. The CPT specimens were examined, and the clinicopathologic characteristics of incidental prostate cancer studied. Complete transverse sections of the prostate were taken from the apex to the base at 4-mm intervals and all prostates were examined by a single pathologist.ResultsThe mean patient age and prostate-specific antigen level were 66.1 ± 10.0 years and 2.8 ± 5.0 ng/mL, respectively. Of the 96 patients, 35 (36.5%) had prostate cancer (PCa). Of these incidental PCas, 57.1% (20.8% of all patients undergoing CPT) were clinically significant. None of the patients who were age ≤50 years had incidental PCa. However, the incidences of PCa in the 51–60 years, 61–70 years, and ≥71 years age groups were 27.8% (5/18), 48.7% (19/39), and 35.5% (15/31), respectively, and the difference according to the age subgroup was significant (P = 0.048). During the median follow-up of 49 months, 29.2% (28/96) of patients died. There were no PCa-specific deaths, and two patients (2.1%) showed biochemical recurrences.ConclusionIncidental PCas were diagnosed in ∼40% of CPT specimens, and ∼50% of incidental PCas were clinically significant. During radical CPT in patients aged ≥60 years, the possibility of the presence of PCa and the potential oncologic risk of partial prostatectomy during CPT should be remembered.

Late Cretaceous radiolarian biochronology of the Pedro Brand section, Tireo Group, eastern Central Cordillera, Dominican Republic: A contribution to the stratigraphy of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province

The Tireo Group in the eastern Central Cordillera (Dominican Republic) is part of the Jarabacoa Block, composed of a Pacific-type Jurassic ocean floor (Loma La Monja, overlain by the El Aguacate ribbon Chert), intruded and overlain by an early CLIP (Carribean Large Igneous Province)-type plateau, the Duarte Complex, which is in turn unconformably overlain by arc-type rocks of the Tireo Group. This group exhibits a 3-km thick sequence of arc-related volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks, including tuffaceous chert and mudstone studied for radiolarians in this paper. The Siete Cabezas Formation, considered to be the last Campanian–Maastrichtian CLIP-type volcano-sedimentary sequence, overlies the Tireo Group. A controversy about earlier radiolarian dating of the Tireo Group, considered until now as part of the Siete Cabezas Formation, encouraged us to study a well-exposed section located 3km NE of Pedro Brand village. Seven samples of laminated siliceous mudstones and cherts yielded around 40 common and well-preserved radiolarian taxa. Based on maximum ranges of taxa published in several regional zonations and on a comparison with a Turonian–Coniacian sample calibrated by planktonic foraminifera (the Deva Beds from Romania), we determine a Turonian–Coniacian age for the Pedro Brand section. A 40Ar–39Ar whole rock age of 75.1±1.1Ma, obtained in a basalt dyke crosscutting the radiolarian bearing rocks, provides a Late Campanian consistent minimum age for the pelagic–hemipelagic Pedro Brand section. Including the re-interpretation of earlier radiolarian work, we conclude that the studied rocks of the Tireo Group are older than the Maastrichtian 40Ar–39Ar ages on plagioclase of the Siete Cabezas Formation. The studied dyke in the Pedro Brand section geochemically resembles the overlying Siete Cabezas and Pico Duarte basalts and could be a feeder dyke of those. However, a tectonic superposition of the Siete Cabezas cannot be excluded, since earlier 40K–40Ar basalt ages of this unit are Aptian–Albian and Cenomanian–Turonian. The Jarabacoa Block is considered as the most complete outcrop section of Pacific ocean crust overlain by a first (Aptian–Albian) phase of CLIP-type activity, followed by the development of a Cenomanian–Santonian intraoceanic arc, which is in turn overlain by a late Campanian–Maastrichtian CLIP-like phase.