Completely Randomized Design Method Research Articles

Propagation of Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) by Tissue Culture Supplemented with Fertilizer and Natural Organic Additives

This research aims to determine the growth of black orchids (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl) on fertilizer plus several types of organic supplements and to determine the type of media that has the best influence on black orchid tissue culture. The research was conducted in March 2023 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University. The research was carried out using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with a single factor arranged using 8 treatments, each treatment repeated five times. The eight treatments consisted of p1 = Growmore 1 g L-1, p2 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1, p3 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1, p4 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + sweet corn seed extract 100 g L-1, p5 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1, p6 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1 + sweet corn seed sprout extract 100 g L-1, p7 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1 + corn seed extract sweet 100 g L-1, and p8 = Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1 + sweet corn seed extract 100 g L-1. The data was analyzed using variance and continued with the DMRT test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) with a level of 5%. The results of the research show that the addition of Ambon banana extract, mung bean sprouts, or sweet corn seeds to foliar fertilizer can improve the culture of black orchids using tissue culture. The best media was found in treatment p5 (Growmore 1 g L-1 + ambon banana extract 100 g L-1 + mung bean sprout extract 100 g L-1) producing the highest plant height (5.02 cm), the highest number of roots (13.00 pieces), the longest root length (7.02 cm) and the highest wet weight (0.45 g).

Assessment of Sensory and Nutritional Attributes of Finger Millet-based Traditional Food Products of Assam, India

Background: Millet based diets contain multiple health promoting components and considered as climate-resilient course grain cereals. The United Nations designated 2023 as the 'International Year of Millets' to spotlight the resilience and health benefits of these climate-adaptable crops. In line with this, the Shree Anna (Millet) Gram Yojana was initiated to promote millet production and consumption, aiming to combat malnutrition. An essential aspect of this initiative is the substitution of millet for rice in traditional recipes, a strategy for sustainable food and nutritional security. This study, conducted by the AICRP on Women in Agriculture at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, focused on utilizing Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) in Assam's traditional food products—Burbhuria pitha, Pat pitha, Tel pitha, and Mithoi. Aim: Evaluating the quality of these millet-based food products in terms of organoleptic properties and nutritional composition. Methodology: A nine-point hedonic scale was used to conduct sensory evaluations by ten trained and semi-trained panelists from the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and nutritional composition was examined. ICAR WASP software was utilized to analyze the data using the Completely Randomized Design method. Results: Results indicated that Finger Millet substituted for rice in traditional food products of Assam received higher acceptability scores and exhibited improved nutritional profiles compared to control products. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of value-added products with Finger Millet to enhance flavour, texture, taste, and nutritional value of traditional foods, offering benefits to the populace of Assam.

Effect of Compost Fertilizer Dosage and Compost Tea on the Growth of Red Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn.) Seedlings

Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn) is a plant capable of producing large amounts of biomass, potentially as a renewable energy source that supports the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels. The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is an urgent and long-term solution, as the use of fossil fuels as an energy source contributes to global warming and climate change.This study aims to evaluate the effect of compost fertilizer dosage and compost tea on the growth of height and diameter of kaliandra seedlings. Using a one-factor complete randomized design (CRD) method with treatment of compost fertilizer doses K0 (0 grams), K1 (60 grams), K2 (75 grams) and K3 (90 grams) and compost tea doses TK1 (0 ml), TK1 (50 ml), TK2 (75 ml) and TK3 (100 ml). Research results: 1. The treatment of compost doses and compost tea showed significant differences in the height growth of calliandra seedlings. 2. Compost fertilizer with a dose of 90 grams (K3) showed a better height growth rate than compost tea fertilizer with a dose of 100 ml (TK3), 75 ml (TK2), and 50 ml (TK1). 3. Compost tea fertilizer with doses of 50 ml (TK1) and 75 ml (TK2) showed a better height growth rate than compost fertilizer with doses of 60 grams (K1) and 75 grams (K2). 4. The compost fertilizer dose treatment showed a significant difference in the growth rate of Calandra seedling diameter, while the compost tea dose treatment did not show a significant difference. 5. Compost fertilizer with doses of 75 grams (K2) and 90 grams (K3) showed better diameter growth than compost tea fertilizer with doses of 75 ml (TK2) and 100 ml (TK3). 6. The optimal dosage recommendation in this study is 90 grams of compost fertilizer and 75 ml of compost tea.

PROCESS OF MAKING BANANA PEEL CHIPS (Musa paradisiaca Var Raja) USING DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF BETEL LIME SOLUTION

Chips are crispy snacks made from processed agricultural products and can be stored for a long time. The general criteria for chips are that they contain carbohydrates, have a dry appearance, make a sound when consumed, and are easily broken. The factors that encourage the formation of crispy chips include initial treatment in the form of soaking using materials such as lime solution. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soaking banana peels with different concentrations of lime solution on the quality of banana peel chips. This study used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 5 treatments, namely A = 0%, B = 2%, C = 4%, D = 6% and E = 8% as many as 4 replications so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The results of the study showed that the treatment of soaking in lime solution with different concentrations, namely A = 0%, B = 2%, C = 4%, D = 6% and E = 8% had a significant effect on the value of water content, ash content and organoleptic color, but did not have a significant effect on the organoleptic taste, aroma and texture. The banana peel chips product with the lowest water content was found in the treatment with a concentration of 8% lime (7.59%) and the lowest ash content in the concentration of 2% lime (10.94%). The best acceptance based on consumer preferences was obtained in the treatment without soaking in the solution betel lime (0%) with color characteristics of 3.67, taste 3.72, aroma 3.80, and texture 3.77 at the level of acceptance of liking.

Application of Microgranules from Endophyte Bacteria in Stimulating Vegetative Growth of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

Increase the vegetative growth of arabica coffee, needs to be innovation in the fertilizer used. The latest innovation in fertilizer manufacturing technology is to form endophytic bacterial cell cultures into microgranules using encapsulation techniques. The application of microgranules to Arabica coffee plants is carried out using the factorial CRD (Completely Randomized Design) method consisting of 2 factors, 16 treatments, 2 replications. The treatment of seed immersion time with the addition of endophytic bacterial suspension consists of: B0: without immersion, B1: 6.5 Hours; B1: 7.5 Hours; B3: 8.5 Hours. The addition of endophytic bacterial microgranule consisted of I0: 0 gr; I1: 5 grams; I2: 10 grams; I3: 15 grams. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis. The results of the variance analysis were continued with multiple distance tests. Isolation of coffee roots and stems obtained 8 isolates of endophytic bacteria. From the results of the research, the growth of coffee in suspension immersion and microgranule administration was very influential, the best plant height was in treatment B2 (14.20 cm) and the lowest treatment was in B0 (9.96 cm). While the diameter of the best treatment was in B3 (1.66 mm) and the lowest treatment was in B0 (1.39 mm). Keywords: Microgranules, Endophytes, Arabica Coffee

Pengaruh Lama Fermentasi Dedak Gandum Terhadap Kandungan Serat Kasar, NDF dan ADF

This study aims to determine the effect of the duration of wheat bran fermentation on the content of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The design used was the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 4 replications, resulting in 16 experimental units. The treatments consisted of fermentation durations of 0 days (LF0), 2 days (LF2), 4 days (LF4), and 6 days (LF6). Prior to fermentation, wheat bran was mixed with an inoculum solution at a 1:1 ratio. The inoculum was made from a mixture of 16 liters of clean water, 30 ml of EM4, 100 ml of liquid sugar, and 100 ml of fresh cow feces liquid taken from cows fed with lamtoro and fresh grass. The variables studied in this research were the content of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for CRD where the alpha value was set at 0.5%, and differences between treatments were followed by Duncan's test using SPSS version 25. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the duration of wheat bran fermentation had a very significant effect (P<0.01) in reducing all fiber variables. The total value of crude fiber content decreased from 51.95% (LF0) to 42.86% (LF6), likewise NDF decreased from 36.55% (LF0) to 29.90% (LF6), and ADF content decreased from 13.62% (LF0) to 9.12% (LF6). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the longer fermentation of wheat bran using fresh cow feces liquid as an inoculum is capable of reducing the content of crude fiber, NDF, and ADF with a fermentation duration of 6 days (LF6), obtaining total values of crude fiber content (42.86%), NDF (29.90%), and ADF (9.12%).

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI JENIS PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN BUAH NAGA (Hylocerios costaricensis)

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of various types of organic fertilizer on the vegetative growth of dragon fruit. The research used an experiment using the Completely Randomized Design method with four treatments A1 = Goat Manure, A2 = Cow Manure, A3 = Guano Fertilizer, A4 = Chicken Manure with four replications. The results of the research showed that the application of various kinds of organic fertilizer had a very significant effect on plant height and a significant effect on the number of branches of dragon fruit plants. Providing organic fertilizer, namely guano fertilizer and chicken manure, can provide higher plant height and a greater number of branches. It is thought that the high content of macro nutrients N, P and K can increase the vegetative growth of dragon fruit plants

Perbandingan Tepung Kedelai (Glicine max L. Merril) dan Tepung Hanjeli (Coixolacryma jobioL.) terhadap Karakteristik Snack Bar

Snack bars are solid foods in the form of bars (bars) made from several ingredients such asicereals, nuts or dried fruit mixed with a binder. Until now, snack bars on the market are made from imported raw materials such as wheat and soybeans. Several studies had been conducted using soybeans as a protein source combined with local food ingredients. One of the local foodstuffs with high nutritional value that has not been widely used is hanjeli which is rich in calcium. Thisiresearch aimed to determine the effect of theiratio of soy flour and hanjeli flour on the characteristics of snack bars and to find out the right ratio of soy flour and hanjeli flour to produce a snack bar with the besticharacteristics. This research used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with a comparison treatment of soy flour and hanjeli flour with 6 levels, namely 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. The treatmentiwasirepeated 3 times to obtain 18 experimental units. The dataiobtained was analyzediusing variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, it was continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showedithat the comparison of soybean flour and hanjeli flour had aisignificantieffect (P<0,05) on water content, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, crude fiber, texture, sensory properties, color, texture and overall acceptability, but had no significant effect. (P>0.05) on the sensory properties of aroma and taste. The 50:50 ratio treatment produces snack bars with the best characteristics, namely with a water content of 27,77%, ash content of 1,77%, protein content of 15,19%, fat content of 12,55%, carbohydrate content of 43,06%, crude fiber 4,15%, calcium content 581,70 mg/100g, texture 14,93N, color rather like, aroma like, texture rather like, taste like and overall acceptability rather like. Keywords: snack bar, hanjeli flour, soybean flour, calcium

Potential Utilization of Defective Fruit Juice Products for Black Soldier Fly Cultivation to Reduce Waste Generation in the Beverage Industry

The waste of fruit juice and tea defective products has organic content that conventionally has the potential to be utilized as a medium or place for maggot growth, but until now it has not been equipped with supporting scientific studies. Therefore, the objectives of the study are: 1) Assessing the characteristics of fruit juice and tea product waste, 2) Assessing the effectiveness of maggot in reducing fruit juice and tea product waste. This research is experimental in nature using variations in the composition of fruit juice and tea product waste as a source of nutrition for maggot which is carried out for 12 days. This variation uses the Complete Randomized Design method with 3 (three) treatments, namely variations in the composition of 60% tea + 40% fruit juice waste (S1), 50% tea + 50% fruit juice waste (S2), and 40% tea + 60% fruit juice waste (S3) in duplo. In addition, this study was completed with a control treatment. The results showed that the characteristics of fruit juice and tea waste containing protein (3.78-4.59%), fat (0.90-1.31%), carbohydrates (28.15-29.15%), crude fiber (2.42-3.12%) can be used as maggot cultivation media. The highest protein and crude fiber contents were found in the S3 composition waste at 4.59% and 3.12%. Maggot cultivation results that showed the highest fat and carbohydrate content were found in S1 composition waste at 1.31% and 29.15%. The recommended composition variation is S1 composition with the highest substrate consumption value and waste reduction index of 57.47% and 20.06%.

Impact of Harvest Age on Corn (Zea Mays) Fodder Productivity

Corn fodder is simply seeding corn kernels that are sown until the age of 8-13 days. The harvest age of corn fodder is one way to regulate plant productivity factors. The regulation of the harvest age will affect regrowth, so it is very important to pay attention so that corn fodder plants can provide optimal production in both quantity and quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in harvest age on the productivity of corn (Zea mays) forage. This study used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely T1 (harvest age 7 days), T2 (harvest age 14 days), T3 (harvest age 21 days) and T4 (harvest age 28 days). The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, wet biomass and dry biomass. The results showed that the average height of corn fodder plants (Zea mays) was T1; 1.11, T2; 4.96, T3; 8.30 and T4; 10. The average number of leaves of corn fodder plants (Zea mays) at T1; 0.34, T2; 1.30, T3; 1.30 and T4; 2.3. The average wet biomass of corn fodder plants (Zea mays) at T1; 197.67, T2; 249.33, T3; 246 and T4; 241.67. The average dry biomass of corn fodder plants (Zea mays) at T1; 35, T2; 47, T3; 45 and T4; 41. The conclusion of this study is that corn fodder with different harvest age variations has a very significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, wet biomass and dry biomass.

Impact of Variations in Rabbit Urine Fertilizer Dosage on Corn Fodder (Zea mays) productivity

Corn is a ruminant animal feed with high vegetable protein and carbohydrate values. Because corn growers need a large area of land, one alternative is corn fodder. The application of corn fodder is very simple, harvests quickly and saves land. To support the growth of corn fodder, adequate nutrition is needed. Rabbit urine organic fertilizer contains high levels of N, P and K nutrients to increase plant productivity. This study aims to determine the effect of different doses of rabbit urine on the productivity of corn fodder (Zea mays). The method in this research is the research method used in this research is the Completely Randomized Design Method (CRD) which consists of 4 treatments, namely the concentration of rabbit urine fertilizer. Rabbit urine fertilizer concentrations consisted of 7 ml, 14 ml and 21 ml. Harvested on day 14. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, wet biomass and dry biomass. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the use of rabbit urine fertilizer in corn fodder at the average plant height P0=10.32 P1=11.85 P2=11.44 P3=13.67. The mean number of leaves P0=1.64 P1=1.73 P2=1.69 P3=1.81. The mean for wet biomass P0=57.37 P1=71.14 P2=74.09 P3=86.65. The average dry biomass, namely P0=6 P1=11 P2=11.40 P3=17.40. The conclusion from this research is that corn fodder given rabbit urine fertilizer has a very significant effect (P<0,01) on plant height, number of leaves, wet biomass and dry biomass.

Kualitas internal telur ayam ras yang direndam larutan daun kelor dengan lama penyimpanan selama 21 hari

This study aims to determine the quality of broiler chicken eggs soaked in Moringa leaf solution. This research was conducted by immersing purebred chicken eggs in Moringa leaf solution for 1 day and using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with a sample of 80 purebred chicken eggs consisting of 4 treatments where each treatment consisted of 4 replications and each replication consists of 5 samples. Each treatment of the experimental design used in this study was P0 (without treatment), P1 (addition of 20% Moringa leaf solution), P2 (addition of 30% Moringa leaf solution), P3 (addition of 40% Moringa leaf solution). The variables observed were egg Kuningindex, egg white index and air voids.The results of the study showed that soaking chicken eggs in Moringa leaf solution at P3 (soaking in 40% Moringa leaf solution) had a real effect on the egg white index. The results of the extension evaluation carried out in the Pesona Mutiara Farmer Women's Group,

Macam Varietas Tanaman Selada Perlakuan Media Organik

This research seeks to assess how organic and varietal planting media impact the growth and yield of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa. L). The study was conducted using the Complete Group Random Design (CGRD) method with two treatment factors. The first factor involved three types of organic planting media: (M1) a blend of soil, manure, and burnt husks; (M2) a blend of soil, manure, and cocopeat; (M3) a blend of soil, manure, burnt husks, and cocopeat. The second factor comprised three varieties: (V1) Grand Rapid green lettuce, (V2) Red Rapid red lettuce, and (V3) Lollo Rossa red lettuce. The findings indicate that treatment (M3), consisting of soil, manure, burnt husks, and cocopeat, influences leaf width, plant weight, and dry stash weight. The best yield was observed in treatment (V1) with the Grand Rapid green lettuce variety showing significant effects across all parameters. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Organic growing media does not affect all observation parameters related to the growth and yield of lettuce plants. 2. Varietal differences have a noticeable impact on all observation parameters related to lettuce growth and yield. 3. The interaction between organic growing media and plant varieties significantly affects the observation parameters of plant height and plant weight, while it does not affect leaf width and dry stash weight.

Daya Hambat Asap Cair Tongkol Jagung Terhadap Bakteri Kontaminan Pada Tuna Loin Segar Diasosiasikan Dengan Kadar Histamin Dan TVB-N

The objective of this study is to analyse the inhibitory power of liquid smoke derived from corn cobs (Zea mays L.) at different levels of distillation on bacterial contaminants in fresh tuna (Thunnus sp) loins, which are associated with histamine levels and TVB-N values. The treatment in this research was the level of liquid smoke distillation, namely 3 times distillation, 2 times distillation, and 1 time distillation. The parameters tested included the inhibitory power of liquid smoke against bacteria, histamine levels, and TVB-N values, which were tested at the 18th hour at room temperature. This research was designed using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. Data analysis used ANOVA and further tested with BNT. The research results demonstrated that the level of liquid smoke distillation had a significant influence (p5%) on all test parameters. The histamine levels produced ranged from 23,68 ppm to 46,18 ppm, while the TVBN values were in the range of 7,77mgN/100g to 11,05mgN/100g. Both were still in accordance with the SNI for Fresh Tuna Loin (2018). The greater the degree of distillation of liquid smoke, the more pronounced the inhibitory effect on bacteria and the greater the potential to inhibit bacterial growth in tuna loin.

Characteristics candlenut shell-based activated Carbon for reduction Iron (Fe) in surface water from Bratasena Tulang Bawang, Lampung

Candlenut shells are only used as fuel, and some are thrown away, so their use has not been maximized. Because of their high carbon content, candlenut shells may be used to create adsorbents. This study looks at how different activator concentrations of KOH activators can be used to make adsorbents from candlenut shells. The study will investigate how various activator concentrations affect the ability of adsorbents based on candlenut shells to bind molecules. Furthermore, the investigation will examine the possible uses of these adsorbents in diverse sectors, including air purification and wastewater treatment. This research was carried out using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, which consisted of 1 activator KOH concentration of 0.5 M, 1 M, 1.5 M, 2 M, and 2.5 M with 3 replications each. The finding demonstrated that adsorbent products activated with 0.5 M KOH yield the highest quality and satisfied SNI 06-3770-1995 requirements for an ash and water content of 10.21% and 0.98%, respectively. The adsorbent product has an iodine absorption capacity of approximately 639.39 mg/g, comparable to SNI 06-3770-1995. For iron metal, the adsorbent product exhibits an adsorption capacity and absorption efficiency of 0.14 mg/g and 98.30%, respectively. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model is suitable for this investigation, with a Kf value of 0.14 mg/g and an R2 of 0.9999.

The Quality Analysis of Vermicelli From Corn (Zea mays L) and Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) Starch

Vermicelli was a food made from flour with a particular characteristic in the form of transparent thread and could be produced from corn and potato starch. It must appropriate the quality standards. The Objectives of the research are: (1) to determine the effect of formulation and drying time on the water content of vermicelli, (2) to determine the appropriate formulation of corn and potato starch, (3) to evaluate the quality of durability, (4) to determine the quality of the total protein content in vermicelli made from corn and potato starch. The experimental design of making vermicelli used the complete random design (CRD) method with 2 factors (composition of corn and potato starch) and drying time (120 and 180 minutes). The quality parameters of vermicelli are water content, sensory analysis, durability, and protein content. The results showed that the drying time has a significant effect on the water content of vermicelli. Still, the interaction of formulation and drying time factors did not significantly influence the water content of vermicelli. The overall preference for sensory analysis showed that the vermicelli formulation of 60:40 for corn and potato starch in 180 minutes of drying was the best formulation for Vermicelli-based corn and potato starch. The durability of this vermicelli was appropriate to quality standards (not easily crushed). The protein content was 1.53%, which is not appropriate to the quality standard of SNI 01-2975-2006 (minimum 4%). The novelty of the research was the best composition of materials to produce vermicelli from corn and potato starch and the drying time to produce it. Suggestions for further research could be to produce vermicelli with the composition of materials by adding nuts, eggs, or other ingredients to increase protein content and to analyze its quality.

The Chemical Properties of a Mixing of Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal and Coconut Shell Charcoal in Making Briquettes

This study aims to make briquettes from palm shells and coconut shells and determine the chemical properties of mixing palm shells and coconut shells. The study was conducted using the Complete Random Design (RAL) method by testing water content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. The mixing treatment of palm shells and coconut shells according to the ratio, namely P1 = palm shell:coconut shell (100:0), P2 = palm shell:coconut shell (75:25), P3 = palm shell:coconut shell (50:50), P4 = palm shell:coconut shell (25:75), P5 = palm shell:coconut shell (0:100). The results showed that the ratio of a mixture of palm shell charcoal and coconut shell charcoal had no significant effect on water content, ash content, and fixed carbon. However, differences in significance occur in volatile matter. P2, P3, P4, and P5 have met SNI standard No.1-6235-2000, but P1 has not met SNI standard No.1-6235-2000.

Fiber Content and Antioxidant Activity of Chiapuding from Chia Seeds and Soybean Extract with Temple Flower Extract as a Dilution for Obesite Teenagers

The aim of this research was to analyze the fiber content and antioxidant activity in pudding made from chia seeds and soybean juice with butterfly pea flower extract. The type of research is experimental research, with the RAL (Completely Randomized Design) method, which is carried out by adding chia seeds to making pudding with 5 treatments, namely F0 (0%), F1 (2%), F2 (4%), F3 (6%) and F4 (8%). Fiber content analysis using the AOAC method and antioxidant activity analysis using the DPPH method were carried out at the Lampung State Polytechnic Laboratory. Data processing was carried out by ANOVA and Duncan tests using SPSS 20. The results of statistical tests on fiber content showed that there was no effect of adding chia seeds to making pudding with a p-value = 0.106 even though there was an increase in each formula. The highest fiber content in F4 (8%) is 5.86% or 5.8 gr/100 gr pudding, which can meet daily fiber needs, namely 2.7 -3.7 gr/day. The results of statistical tests on antioxidant activity show that there is an effect of adding chia seeds to make pudding with a p-value = 0.000. The highest IC50 antioxidant activity was in F4 (8%) at 6090 µg/mL, even though the IC50 value was in the weak category, the smaller the IC50 value, the stronger the antioxidant was in warding off free radicals. Based on research results, the more chia seed formula added, the higher the fiber content and the higher the IC50 antioxidant activity.

The Effect of Buriti Oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) as Feed Additive on the Organic and Inorganic Materials Digestibility on Heat Stress Exposed Broilers

Heat stress due to high environmental conditions can affect the digestibility of organic and inorganic broilers. Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) contains antioxidants that can suppress Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) thereby reducing the negative effects of heat stress. This study aims to determine the effect of adding buriti oil to the ration on the organic and inorganic matter of digestibility in broiler exposed to heat stress. This research was experimental and the method used is the completely randomized design method (CRD). The treatment be carried out on 20 broiler aged 22-35 days who are kept in individual cages. Broiler in the treatment group were given heat stress induction using gasolec up to a temperature 35 ± 1o°C for 4 hours every day. Broiler were randomly selected in 4 treatment groups divided into K- (temperature 27 ± 2°C + complete feed), K+ (exposure to temperature 35 ± 1°C + complete feed), P1 (exposure to temperature 35 ± 1°C + complete feed + 2% buriti oil total feed gram /head /day) and P2 (exposure to temperature 35 ± 1°C + complete feed + 4% buriti oil total feed gram /head /day).

Efektivitas Beberapa Jenis Insektisida Nabati Terhadap Hama Kutu Beras (Sitophilus oryzae L.) pada Beras Siam

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using several type of botanical insecticides and types of botanical insecticides that are more effective against rice weevil pests (Sitophilus oryzae L.) on siam rice. The method used in this research was the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method which consisted of 6 treatments, each of which was repeated 4 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The treatment is a type of botanical insecticide consisting of P0 = Control (no botanical insecticide), P1 = 7.5 g of breadfruit leaf flour, P2 = 7.5 g of guava leaf flour, P3 = 7.5 g of noni leaf flour, 5 g, P4 = 7.5 g kaffir lime leaf flour and P5 = 7.5 g papaya leaf flour. The results of the research showed that several types of botanical insecticides used, namely breadfruit leaves, guava, noni and papaya, were not effective in controlling rice weevil pests (≤50%) but had the ability to reduce mortality, efficacy and speed of death of rice weevil pests (Sitophilus oryzae L.) and loss of rice weight. The most effective type of botanical insecticide in controlling the rice weevil pest (Sitophilus oryzae L.) is kaffir lime leaves with efficacy and mortality values ​​of 68.75%, pest death rate of 0.69% and rice weight loss percentage 0%.