Complete Mixing Research Articles

Experimental investigation of gas transport induced by containment spray activation during a scaled severe accident scenario

Abstract We present the results of an experimental study on the activation of sprays representative of those used in a generic light water reactor containment for severe accident mitigation. Depending on the initial conditions, the spray nozzle type and the spray water flow rates, the spray may cause higher hydrogen concentration during depressurization due to steam condensation, or it may erode the hydrogen stratification by enhanced mixing. To investigate these phenomena, the tests were performed in the PANDA facility at Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland in the frame of the ERCOSAM-SAMARA project. The experiments followed a test sequence based on a postulated severe accident scenario scaled from a nuclear power plant design. The scaled scenario consisted of the formation of a stratified helium-rich (substitute for hydrogen) atmosphere in one of the PANDA vessels followed by the activation of a spray. Temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the gas temperature and the gas concentrations at selected positions were measured using thermocouples and mass spectrometers. Four tests were performed with two different spray nozzle types, two spray flow rates and two initial vessel wall temperatures of 105 °C and 135 °C, which created condensing and non-condensing environments, respectively. The different initial conditions lead to different density stratification. The effect of these different initial and boundary conditions on the transport and mixing of gases in the vessels due to the activation of the spray is revealed by these tests. The spray causes a fast breakup of the stratification and a complete mixing in the vessel in which it was injected. The concentration measurements in the adjacent connected vessel showed the presence of helium at the bottom of the vessel suggesting the possibility of hydrogen transport to the lower parts of the containment in a three gas mixture environment.

Numerical study of crude oil batch mixing in a long channel

The main objective of this work is to predict the mixing of two different miscible oils in a very long channel. The background to this problem relates to the mixing of heavy and light oil in a pipeline. As a first step, a 2D channel with an aspect ratio of 250 is considered. The batch-mixing of two miscible crude oils with different viscosities and densities is modeled using an unsteady laminar model and unsteady RANS model available in the commercial CFD solver ANSYS-Fluent. For a comparison, a LES model was used for a 3D version of the 2D channel. The distinguishing feature of this work is the Lagrangian coordinate system utilized to set no-slip wall boundary conditions. The global CFD model has been validated against classical analytical solutions. Excellent agreement has been achieved. Simulations were carried out for a Reynolds number of 6300 (calculated using light oil properties) and a Schmidt number of ~10^4. The results show that, in contrast to the unsteady RANS model, the LES and unsteady laminar models produce comparable mixing dynamics for two oils in the channel. Analysis of simulations also shows that, for a channel length of 100 m and a height of 0.4 m, the complete mixing of two oils across the channel has not been achieved. We showed that the mixing zone consists of the three different mixing sub-zones, which have been identified using the averaged mass fraction of the heavy oil along the flow direction. The first sub-zone corresponds to the main front propagation area with a length of several heights of the channel. The second and third sub-zones are characterized by so-called shear-flow-driven mixing due to the Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices occurring between oils in the axial direction. It was observed that the third sub-zone has a steeper mass fraction gradient of the heavy oil in the axial direction in comparison with the second sub-zone, which corresponds to the flow-averaged mass fraction of 0.5 for the heavy oil.

Towards a hybrid turbulent mixing model based on hierarchical parcel‐swapping and one‐dimensional turbulence

AbstractOne‐dimensional turbulence (ODT) based models are able to generate good results for canonical flow problems compared to Direct Numerical Simulations. ODT has been successfully implemented as a sub‐grid scale model for LES problems (ODTLES) delivering promising results. However, due to the computational cost of the ODT model in this scope, there is a need for an even faster model for real world parameter regimes. The Hierarchical Parcel Swapping (HiPS) algorithm used in combination with the ODT model to simulate a channel flow recently provided results with an acceptable quality in a fraction of the time of an ODT simulation. HiPS uses a binary tree to define the fluid domain, and stochastic eddy events are sampled in this tree. A local instantaneous and complete mixing of the cells is performed when an eddy event happens at the Kolmogorov scale. The biggest limitation of this model is that the viscosity of the solution is implicitly defined by the number of cells in a mesh. Further development of HiPS is planned in order to create a computationally cheaper alternative for the ODT model to be used in ODTLES flow simulations.

Spin mixing dynamics in a spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate

We study the spin mixing dynamics of a spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate. Using mean-field theory and adopting plane wave solutions, the spin mixing dynamics can be well described by an internal Josephson equation. In order to establish the role of the different terms in spin mixing dynamics clearly, we consider the equilibrium state firstly, which shows that the spin-orbit coupling can significantly modify the dispersion relation and change the property of ground state of the condensate. For the non-equilibrium state, the spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in the spin mixing dynamics. Moreover, the oscillation period of spin mixing dynamics is determined by the coupled effects of momentum, magnetization, spin-dependent atomic interaction and spin-orbit coupling. When spin-orbit coupling is less than a critical value, it can prolong the oscillation period of spin mixing dynamics. Conversely, when the spin-orbit coupling is larger than the critical value, it can shorten the oscillation period of spin mixing dynamics. Particularly, when spin-orbit coupling is equal to the critical value, the period tends to infinity. Our study provides a complete spin mixing dynamics of spin-orbit coupled spin-1 BEC, which can be used to explore the spin mixing dynamics experimentally.

A new non-dimensional parameter to obtain the minimum mixing length in tree-like concentration gradient generators

Microfluidic-based concentration gradient generators (CGGs) have a number of applications in chemical, biological and pharmaceutical studies. Thus, precise design of the microfluidic system is crucial to maintaining the desired concentration gradient in microchannels. One of the design considerations is the length of microchannels in the structure of a CGG. A CGG with a short length fails to provide the complete diffusive mixing, while the size of the microchip would unfavorably increase by incorporating a long CGG. Considering a CGG as a tree-like structure consisting of T-shaped micromixers, the mixing process of the speciesat a straight microchannel has been solved analytically. Herein, we define a new non-dimensional parameter (ψ) as the ratio of the minimum length of the microchannel required for the desired fluid mixing to the product of the channel width and Peclet number. The numerically obtained values of ψ (i.e., 0.22 and 0.17 for 95% mixing in straight and serpentine micromixers, respectively) are in good agreement with the experimental results. The numerical simulation also shows that the value of ψ is the same for all micromixers in a CGG with the similar microchannel structure (e.g., straight or serpentine) and is independent of the channel size (width-to-depth ratio) and fluid velocity. Therefore, ψ can be computed only once for any micromixer with different structures (e.g., zigzag, square wave, and so forth) and then considering this constant value of ψ, the minimum required length of all other micromixers in a CGG with similar repetitive structures and dimensions at the specified flow rates could be designed quickly and precisely.

Potential impact of pore-scale incomplete mixing on biodegradation in aquifers: From batch experiment to field-scale modeling

Biogeochemical reactions take place when reactants are present at the same location and time, which occurs through pore-scale mixing. Although the degree of mixing should be variable in space and time, most conventional reactive transport models do not consider mixing-dependent reaction rates and often make predictions based on rates measured with batch experiments. We quantify the effect of pore-scale mixing on the biodegradation rate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with sediment batch experiments, and study its potential impact on the field-scale fate and transport of DOC with numerical simulations. We collected sediment samples from an aquifer storage transfer and recovery (ASTR) field site located in Busan, South Korea, and conducted batch experiments to measure mixing-dependent biodegradation rates. Complete mixing conditions were realized by continuously shaking the batch, and diffusion-limited mixing conditions were realized by keeping the batch under static conditions. The two mixing conditions are most widely used conditions in batch experiments and they also represent the maximum and minimum degree of mixing. The different mixing conditions led to significant differences in the biodegradation rates (a factor of 4.9 on average). We then performed reactive transport modeling using the measured biodegradation rates to study the potential impact of pore-scale incomplete mixing on the field-scale DOC biodegradation. The results show that pore-scale mixing can significantly affect the effectiveness of biodegradation at the ASTR site. We generalize this finding by performing a comprehensive nondimensional sensitivity analysis of the fate and transport of DOC to pore-scale mixing conditions over a wide range of Pe´clet and Damköhler numbers. We show that pore-scale incomplete mixing can be a major source of uncertainty in field-scale model predictions.

Modeling multiphase jet pumps for gas compression

In order to minimize problems and enhance production, many oil-well applications using jet pumps associated with artificial lift systems have been suggested in the literature. In some scenarios, gas from the annulus can be beneficially compressed by using oil-well´s production as power fluid. Because multiphase fluids are generally produced, understanding and modeling multiphase jet pumps for gas compression (MJPG) is essential for design applications. Considering homogeneous multiphase flow, a simplified model is proposed and analytical solutions are presented in this article. A detailed analysis of the proposed model is performed and its physical consequences are discussed. Very good agreement between the proposed model and the conducted 3D numerical simulations (Ansys CFX 16.0) was observed. Furthermore, in agreement with experimental results reported in the literature, the numerical results showed that the MJPG is highly influenced by mixing process in the throat. Finally, the numerical simulations showed that slippage hinders complete mixing in the throat and reduces pump's efficiency.

Equilibration of quantum Hall edges in symmetry-broken bilayer graphene

Equilibration of quantum Hall edges is studied in a high quality dual gated bilayer graphene device in both unipolar and bipolar regime when all the degeneracies of the zero energy Landau level are completely lifted. We find that in the unipolar regime when the filling factor under the top gate region is higher than the back gate filling factor, the equilibration is partial based on their spin polarization. However, the complete mixing of the edge states is observed in the bipolar regime irrespective of their spin configurations due to the Landau level collapsing at the sharp pn junction in our thin hBN (~ 15 nm) encapsulated device, in consistent with the existing theory.

Structure and Composition of Native Membrane Derived Polymer-Supported Lipid Bilayers.

Over the last two decades, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) have been extensively used as model systems to study cell membrane structure and function. While SLBs have been traditionally produced from simple lipid mixtures, there has been a recent surge in compositional complexity to better mimic cellular membranes and thereby bridge the gap between classic biophysical approaches and cell experiments. To this end, native cellular membrane derived SLBs (nSLBs) have emerged as a new category of SLBs. As a new type of biomimetic material, an analytical workflow must be designed to characterize its molecular composition and structure. Herein, we demonstrate how a combination of fluorescence microscopy, neutron reflectometry, and secondary ion mass spectrometry offers new insights on structure, composition, and quality of nSLB systems formed using so-called hybrid vesicles, which are a mixture of native membrane material and synthetic lipids. With this approach, we demonstrate that the nSLB formed a continuous structure with complete mixing of the synthetic and native membrane components and a molecular stoichiometry that essentially mirrors that of the hybrid vesicles. Furthermore, structural investigation of the nSLB revealed that PEGylated lipids do not significantly thicken the hydration layer between the bilayer and substrate when on silicon substrates; however, nSLBs do have more topology than their simpler, purely synthetic counterparts. Beyond new insights regarding the structure and composition of nSLB systems, this work also serves to guide future researchers in producing and characterizing nSLBs from their cellular membrane of choice.

The exit impact on segregation of binary particles in the CFB system

Segregation exists extensively in the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) system, with solid particles of different sizes and densities. This paper studied the segregation of binary particles in a CFB system. Experimental results showed that segregation in the riser became weaker with increasing fluidizing gas velocity, ug, and solid circulating rate, Gs. In the case of high ug (6.0 m/s) and high Gs, segregation almost disappeared and the binary particles in the whole system became complete mixing. The average jetsam mass fraction along the riser height showed different relations with the initial jetsam mass fraction in the literature. In order to explain the discrepancy in the literature, this paper indicated the exit geometry influenced the segregation in the whole CFB loop, i.e. not only in the riser, but also in the external loop. For the abrupt exit, the internal refluxing of solids always existed in the sharp bend for the inertial separation of particles, and more coarse particles rebounded at the riser exit than the fine particles. Thus more coarse particles stayed in the riser than in the standpipe.

Green Rust: The Simple Organizing 'Seed' of All Life?

Korenaga and coworkers presented evidence to suggest that the Earth’s mantle was dry and water filled the ocean to twice its present volume 4.3 billion years ago. Carbon dioxide was constantly exhaled during the mafic to ultramafic volcanic activity associated with magmatic plumes that produced the thick, dense, and relatively stable oceanic crust. In that setting, two distinct and major types of sub-marine hydrothermal vents were active: ~400 °C acidic springs, whose effluents bore vast quantities of iron into the ocean, and ~120 °C, highly alkaline, and reduced vents exhaling from the cooler, serpentinizing crust some distance from the heads of the plumes. When encountering the alkaline effluents, the iron from the plume head vents precipitated out, forming mounds likely surrounded by voluminous exhalative deposits similar to the banded iron formations known from the Archean. These mounds and the surrounding sediments, comprised micro or nano-crysts of the variable valence FeII/FeIII oxyhydroxide known as green rust. The precipitation of green rust, along with subsidiary iron sulfides and minor concentrations of nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum in the environment at the alkaline springs, may have established both the key bio-syntonic disequilibria and the means to properly make use of them—the elements needed to effect the essential inanimate-to-animate transitions that launched life. Specifically, in the submarine alkaline vent model for the emergence of life, it is first suggested that the redox-flexible green rust micro- and nano-crysts spontaneously precipitated to form barriers to the complete mixing of carbonic ocean and alkaline hydrothermal fluids. These barriers created and maintained steep ionic disequilibria. Second, the hydrous interlayers of green rust acted as engines that were powered by those ionic disequilibria and drove essential endergonic reactions. There, aided by sulfides and trace elements acting as catalytic promoters and electron transfer agents, nitrate could be reduced to ammonia and carbon dioxide to formate, while methane may have been oxidized to methyl and formyl groups. Acetate and higher carboxylic acids could then have been produced from these C1 molecules and aminated to amino acids, and thence oligomerized to offer peptide nests to phosphate and iron sulfides, and secreted to form primitive amyloid-bounded structures, leading conceivably to protocells.

Response surface study and kinetic modelling of biodiesel synthesis catalyzed by zinc stearate

This contribution reports experimental and theoretical studies on the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol catalyzed by zinc stearate. This reaction produces fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and glycerol, and di- and monoglycerides as intermediate products.Response Surface Methodology was used to study the relationship between process variables and triglyceride conversion, FAME yield and initial rate. An increase in the catalyst concentration and in the methanol/oil molar ratio increased triglyceride conversion and FAME yield and decreased the initial turnover frequency values. The latter was associated with the formation of an emulsion in the reaction medium.A kinetic study of the reaction was performed. Two models were proposed. Model 1 assumed a complete mixing of the dissolved catalyst with the reactants and a second-order mechanism for the forward and reverse reactions, where the reaction system could be described as pseudo-homogeneous and the catalyst was dissolved in the reaction medium. Model 2 supposed that the dissolved catalyst formed part of a macro emulsion, with mass transfer resistance in the boundary layer around the droplets. The kinetic constants were determined, and Model 2 showed a better fit to the experimental data. The model and the kinetic parameters allow to generate reaction operation strategies.

Dynamics of sediment transport and stratification in Changjiang River Estuary, China

Suspended sediment transport and stratification in the entire Changjiang River Estuary were examined using the field data of sea-surface level, currents, salinity, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC). The data were simultaneously observed at one-hour intervals and at six vertical layers at 23 stations covering two spring tidal cycles in May, 2004. The results showed that ebbing tides had a longer tidal duration and stronger tidal currents than flooding tides, due to a fresh water discharge. The tidal range reached about 4 m and the peak tidal current of about 2.9 m/s occurred in the north passage in the observed period. A stratification caused by salinity and suspended sediment appeared and varied with tides indicated by the overall Richardson number. The potential energy anomaly was larger when SSC was factored in to the water density. A stratification ratio (Sr), which is the ratio of potential energy required to induce complete mixing to the overall potential energy, was proposed to measure the degree of sediment stratification. Sr values indicated that mixing the stratified turbid water took as much as 0.25% of the overall potential energy at a particular field station. A turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) was observed in the north passage, where the salt-fresh-water interface and stratification appeared, due to the advective and tidal transport component. The main components controlling the vertical-averaged net sediment transport were the Eulerian velocity, Stokes drift and tidal pumping. Salinity intrusion creates the stratification in the north passage, which depresses the turbulence and re-suspension of sediment. The stratification is further enhanced by the vertical distribution of suspended sediment, which results in a TMZ and induces sediment deposition/trapping in the channel. Hence, the SSC was essential to be considered in the study of estuarine stratification, particularly in the highly turbid estuaries.

Rheological properties of hydrogen fermented food waste

Although rheological properties are essential in scaling up fermenters, there has been no report on hydrogen fermentation of organic solid wastes. In the present work, hydrogen fermentation of food waste (FW) was conducted at various substrate concentrations (10–50 g Carbo. COD/L) and operational pHs (4.5–6.5), and rheological properties were attained. High hydrogen production performance showing over 1.7 mol H2/mol hexoseadded was achieved at 10–40 g Carbo. COD/L and pH 5.5 and 6.0. The viscosity tended to increase with substrate concentration increase, and fermentation led to a significant reduction of viscosity. Before fermentation, zero viscosity and infinite viscosity of FW ranged 6.8–1274.1 mPa s and 2.2–58.1 mPa s, which were reduced to 10.4–346.2 mPa s and 1.1–5.3 mPa s after fermentation, respectively. Compared to substrate concentration, operational pH showed a less effect on rheological properties. At the similar volatile solids concentration range, hydrogen-fermented FW showed lower values of rheological properties than that of anaerobic digester sludge. Based on the agitation speed values assuring turbulent condition (complete mixing), the energy required for agitation can be reduced by 30–67% by lowering the applied agitation speed with fermentation time.

IMPACT OF THE HYDRAULIC LOADING RATE ON THE HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ANAEROBIC FIXED BED REACTOR TREATING CATTLE SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER

The hydrodynamic behavior of an anaerobic fixed bed reactor (AFBR) was evaluated in the treatment of cattle slaughterhouse wastewater. The AFBR was operated at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 14, 11 and 8 h. Stimulus-response assays were carried out with eosin Y and the experimental data were adjusted to the single-parameter theoretical models of dispersion and N-continuous stirred tank reactors in series. The experimental results of the residence time distribution curves showed that at lower flowrate, the reactor showed plug flow behavior with R2 of 0.88 and number of dispersion of 0.2 for high dispersion (HD). However, at higher and intermediate flowrates, the AFBR behave as a complete mixture flow, with R2 of 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. Residence time distribution curves in the AFBR showed a good approximation of the complete mixing model at hydraulic residence time of 11 h and 8 h, with 5 and 2 N-CSTR reactors in series, respectively. The volume of dead zones corresponding to 43.0%, 37.4% and 11.2% of the volume of the reactor for HRT of 14 h, 11 h and 8 h, respectively, was noted, and hydraulic short-circuiting were not confirmed.

A Recipe for Optimum Mixing of Polymer Drag Reducers

Preparation of large-scale homogeneous solutions of drag reducing polymers requires an appropriate mixing procedure to ensure full disentanglement of the polymer chains without chain scission due to over-mixing. The latter is known as mechanical degradation and reduces the performance of drag reducing polymers. The dominant large-scale mixing parameters including time, impeller type, impeller speed, and impeller-to-tank diameter ratio are investigated to obtain a recipe for maximum mixing with minimum polymer degradation. Three water-based solutions of 100 ppm Superfloc A-110 (flexible structure), Magnafloc 5250 (flexible structure), and Xanthan Gum (XG) (rigid structure) are considered. The performance of the mixing parameters for each polymer is evaluated based on the solution viscosity in comparison with the highest viscosity (i.e., optimum mixing) obtained by 2 h of low-shear mixing of a small-scale polymer solution using a magnetic stirrer. The results demonstrate that optimum large-scale mixing is obtained at mean and maximum shear rates of ∼17 s−1 and ∼930 s−1, respectively, after 2–2.5 h of mixing for each of the polymers. This shear rate is obtained here using a three-blade marine impeller operating at 75 rpm and at impeller-to-tank diameter ratio of 0.5. The resulting polymer solution has the highest viscosity, which is an indication of minimal degradation while achieving complete mixing. It is also confirmed that chemical degradation due to contact with a stainless steel impeller is negligible.

Experimental investigation of the flue gas thermochemical composition of an oxy-fuel swirl burner

The level of understanding of coal combustion compared to the requirements of predictive engineering is still insufficient due to the complexity of the processes and breadth of scales involved. In particular, in modern oxy-coal firing, where the fuel is burned in an oxygen/carbon-dioxide atmosphere to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and pollutants, both experimental investigations and detailed numerical simulations are sparse. To understand and model the phenomena involved, the community follows a stepwise approach from generic to close-to-application combustion systems by steadily increasing the size, complexity and thermal power of the investigated burners as well as the complexity of the fuel. Here, an investigation of the flue gas of an intermediate range oxy-fuel burner is presented. To simplify the fuel in a first step, the combustion of methane in air and two oxygen/carbon dioxide atmospheres (oxy-fuel) is investigated. The concentrations of multiple species as well as the path-integrated temperatures are measured using three independent spectrometer systems based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). The rate of burnout and fuel-slip in the flue gas is studied through measurements of the concentration of CH4, whereas a quasi-simultaneously applied OH-measurement system allows for the detection of remaining combustion zones in the flue gas. An acetylene (C2H2) measurement as a chemical precursor provides insights to the formation of soot. The O2-concentration is measured for an investigation of the oxygen-excess, and, in combination with measurements of the CO, CO2 and H2O concentration at various positions allows to detect the main components and pollutants of the oxy-fuel flue gas. An Allan-Werle variance is utilized to study the time scales occurring in the combustion process.A quasi-simultaneous measurement of the path-integrated H2O and CO2 temperature allows for investigating the progression of mixing of the different flows within the combustion chamber. This measurement reveals, that a complete mixing of all flows is only achieved close to the outlet.

Development of the horizontal swirl mixer with a fillet shape

In this study, a new shaped continuous mixer with simple mixing structure is proposed, aiming to suppress the short pass phenomenon to gain high mixing performance. Therefore, fluid motion of secondary flow by centrifugal force and swirling flow is focused. Furthermore, validity was examined by numerical analysis.Flow visualization was performed, and the mixing performance was verified using the electric conductivity method and transmission luminance measurement.As a result, a horizontal disc mixing tank with a fillet shape as the shape of the mixer was proposed. In the radial direction, it is predicted that forced vortex occurs near the center and Quasi-free vortices occurs at the opposite edge. Moreover, at opposite edge in the vertical direction, a pair of upper and lower vortices was observed. It was confirmed that a secondary flow was generated at the opposite edge.Concentration dispersion rapidly progresses in the vicinity of the side opposite edge of the mixing tank. It is confirmed that dispersion in the vicinity of the outlet part is small and uniformly mixed in the mixing tank regardless of the angle. It is regard as the consequence of the shear effect caused by the swirl flow generated near the outlet portion and the cross-sectional mixing due to the secondary flow generated at the opposite edge. It was found that it has mixing performance of about N = 9–14, comparing to the complete mixing tank train model.

Bulk and interface quantum states of electrons in multi-layer heterostructures with topological materials

In this article we describe the bulk and interface quantum states of electrons in multi-layer heterostructures in one dimension, consisting of topological insulators (TIs) and topologically trivial materials. We use and extend an effective four-band continuum Hamiltonian by introducing position dependence to the eight material parameters of the Hamiltonian. We are able to demonstrate complete conduction-valence band mixing in the interface states. We find evidence for topological features of bulk states of multi-layer TI heterostructures, as well as demonstrating both complete and incomplete conduction-valence band inversion at different bulk state energies. We show that the linear kz terms in the low-energy Hamiltonian, arising from overlap of pz orbitals between different atomic layers in the case of chalcogenides, control the amount of tunneling from TIs to trivial insulators. Finally, we show that the same linear kz terms in the low-energy Hamiltonian affect the material’s ability to form the localised interface state, and we demonstrate that due to this effect the spin and probability density localisation in a thin film of Sb2Te3 is incomplete. We show that changing the parameter that controls the magnitude of the overlap of pz orbitals affects the transport characteristics of the topologically conducting states, with incomplete topological state localisation resulting in increased backscattering.

The Recovery of Hydrogen from Binary Gas Mixtures Using a Membrane Module Based on a Palladium Foil Taking into Account the Deactivation of the Membrane

The recovery of hydrogen from binary gas mixtures with active (deactivating the surface of the membrane) and passive impurities has been studied. Experiments have been carried out on a multifunctional membrane module, the operating area of which consists of gas chambers separated by a thin foil palladium membrane. A dimensionless coefficient of the deactivation of the surface of the membrane has been introduced. An analytical formula has been obtained for the hydrogen flux from binary mixtures at its preset pressures on the opposite sides of the membrane that takes into account adsorption–desorption, breaking to protons on the surface, the diffusion of the latter in the metal lattice, and the recombination of Н+. In the case when the condition are fulfilled, the Н2 flux can be calculated by the modifiable Sieverts equation. This equation and an assumption about the complete mixing of the mixtures in the chambers of the membrane module have made it possible to develop a theoretical model for the recovery of hydrogen from binary mixtures in the membrane module. An analytical dependence for the Н2 flux as a function of the fluxes of the mixtures at the inlet of the chambers, ratio of the pressures on the opposite sides of the membrane, initial composition of the hydrogen mixture, and the coefficient of deactivation has been found. Utilizing this dependence, a procedure for finding this coefficient using additional experiments has been proposed. As an example, the coefficients of deactivation for the products of steam reforming of methane (CO, СО2, СН4, and water vapor) have been calculated for a palladium membrane with a composition Pd–6%Ru. The theoretical model has been subjected to the experimental verification on Н2–5%CO and Н2–20%CO binary mixtures.