Complete Mitochondrial Genome Research Articles

The characterization of the mitochondrial genome of Graptemys ouachitensis

Graptemys ouachitensis (CAGLE, 1953) belongs to the Graptemys genus, the Emydidae family, and the Testudines order. This study involved sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of G. ouachitensis using next-generation sequencing, and analyzing the essential characteristics, and phylogenetic relationship. The results revealed that the G. ouachitensis mitogenome was 16,674 bp in length (A: 34.1%, C: 26.0%, G: 13.0%, T: 26.9%) and included 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a non-coding control region (GenBank accession: NC071766). The genome composition of G. ouachitensis presented a slight A + T bias (61.0%) and exhibited a positive AT skew (0.118) and a negative GC skew (–0.333). A phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mitogenome indicated that the G. ouachitensis was more closely associated with Malaclemys terrapin than the other eight known Emydidae species. Thus, our findings present a novel mitogenome at the species level. This study introduces the first complete mitogenome of G. ouachitensis, providing valuable molecular information for phylogenetic and conservation genetics analyses of G. ouachitensis.

Comparative Mitogenome Characterization of Cryptic Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) in Captivity within Peninsular Malaysia

Lates calcarifer is one of the most commercial species in the world. Yet, phylogenetic relationships among this cryptic species remain unclear despite its significance in the fishery sector. The first report on bifurcation of captive Lates calcarifer in Peninsular Malaysia (PM) inferred from complete mitochondrial genome was discussed in the present study. Two mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Lates species were sequenced and assembled. The mitogenome length was 16,627 bp and 16,515 bp for K4 and S15, respectively. The majority of PCGs in both species exhibited the common initiation marker ATG codon and ended with termination marker TAA codon. Also, the incomplete termination codon T/TA was found in both species. Most AT-skew and GC-skew values observed in the protein-coding genes (PCGs) across the two samples were negative. The phylogenetic analysis based on 13 protein-coding genes by Maximum-Likelihood tree displayed two lineages from different regions which were from Myanmar/Indian waters (K4) and Southeast Asia/ Australian waters (S15). The striking genetic distance values between both specimens indicated 13 PCGs were suffering purifying selection. This study offers significant information for future analyses of evolutionary relationships among the numerous and taxonomically puzzling perciform fishes.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Angelica dahurica and its implications on evolutionary analysis of complex mitochondrial genome architecture in Apiaceae.

Angelica dahurica is a kind of Chinese traditional herbs with economic and ornament value, widely distributed in China. Despite its significance, there have been limited comprehensive investigations on the genome of A. dahurica, particularly regarding mitochondrial genomes. To investigate the conversion between mitochondrial genome and chloroplast genome, a complete and circular mitochondrial genome was assembled using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long reads. The mitochondrial genome of A. dahurica had a length of 228,315 base pairs (bp) with 45.06% GC content. The mitochondrial genome encodes 56 genes, including 34 protein-coding genes, 19 tRNA genes and 3 rRNA genes. Moreover, we discovered that 9 homologous large fragments between chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome based on sequence similarity. This is the first report for A. dahurica mitochondrial genome, which could provide an insight for communication between plastid genome, and also give a reference genome for medicinal plants within the Angelica family.

Dynamic changes in the plastid and mitochondrial genomes of the angiosperm Corydalis pauciovulata (Papaveraceae)

BackgroundCorydalis DC., the largest genus in the family Papaveraceae, comprises > 465 species. Complete plastid genomes (plastomes) of Corydalis show evolutionary changes, including syntenic arrangements, gene losses and duplications, and IR boundary shifts. However, little is known about the evolution of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) in Corydalis. Both the organelle genomes and transcriptomes are needed to better understand the relationships between the patterns of evolution in mitochondrial and plastid genomes.ResultsWe obtained complete plastid and mitochondrial genomes from Corydalis pauciovulata using a hybrid assembly of Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies reads to assess the evolutionary parallels between the organelle genomes. The mitogenome and plastome of C. pauciovulata had sizes of 675,483 bp and 185,814 bp, respectively. Three ancestral gene clusters were missing from the mitogenome, and expanded IR (46,060 bp) and miniaturized SSC (202 bp) regions were identified in the plastome. The mitogenome and plastome of C. pauciovulata contained 41 and 67 protein-coding genes, respectively; the loss of genes was a plastid-specific event. We also generated a draft genome and transcriptome for C. pauciovulata. A combination of genomic and transcriptomic data supported the functional replacement of acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit β (accD) by intracellular transfer to the nucleus in C. pauciovulata. In contrast, our analyses suggested a concurrent loss of the NADH-plastoquinone oxidoreductase (ndh) complex in both the nuclear and plastid genomes. Finally, we performed genomic and transcriptomic analyses to characterize DNA replication, recombination, and repair (DNA-RRR) genes in C. pauciovulata as well as the transcriptomes of Liriodendron tulipifera and Nelumbo nuicifera. We obtained 25 DNA-RRR genes and identified their structure in C. pauciovulata. Pairwise comparisons of nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) substitution rates revealed that several DNA-RRR genes in C. pauciovulata have higher dN and dS values than those in N. nuicifera.ConclusionsThe C. pauciovulata genomic data generated here provide a valuable resource for understanding the evolution of Corydalis organelle genomes. The first mitogenome of Papaveraceae provides an example that can be explored by other researchers sequencing the mitogenomes of related plants. Our results also provide fundamental information about DNA-RRR genes in Corydalis and their related rate variation, which elucidates the relationships between DNA-RRR genes and organelle genome stability.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Its Phylogenetic Position in Red Algae Fushitsunagia catenata from South Korea.

The mitogenome is an important tool in taxonomic and evolutionary studies. Only a few complete mitogenomes have been reported for red algae. Herein, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Fushitsunagia catenata (Harvey) Filloramo, G.V. and Saunders, G.W. 2016, a monospecific genus. The genome was 25,889 bp in circumference and had a strongly biased AT of 70.4%. It consisted of 2 rRNAs, 23 tRNAs, and 24 protein-coding genes (PCGs). nad5 (1986 bp) was the largest and atp9 (231 bp) was the smallest PCG. All PCGs used ATG as an initiation codon and TAA as a termination codon, except TAG, which was the termination codon used in the sdh3, rps3, and rps11 genes. The general structure and gene content of the present findings were almost identical to those of other red algae genomes, particularly those of the Rhodymeniales order. The maximum likelihood analysis showed that F. catenata was closely related to Rhodymenia pseudopalmata. The mitochondrial genome data presented in this study will enhance our understanding of evolution in Rhodophyta species.

Assembly and characterization analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun

Assembly and characterization analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun

Complete Mitochondrial Genome for Lucilia cuprina dorsalis (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from the Northern Territory, Australia.

The Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina dorsalis, is a major sheep ectoparasite causing subcutaneous myiasis (flystrike), which can lead to reduced livestock productivity and, in severe instances, death of the affected animals. It is also a primary colonizer of carrion, an efficient pollinator, and used in maggot debridement therapy and forensic investigations. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of L. c. dorsalis from the Northern Territory (NT), Australia, where sheep are prohibited animals, unlike the rest of Australia. The mt genome is 15,943 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and a non-coding control region. The gene order of the current mt genome is consistent with the previously published L. cuprina mt genomes. Nucleotide composition revealed an AT bias, accounting for 77.5% of total mt genome nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses of 56 species/taxa of dipterans indicated that L. c. dorsalis and L. sericata are the closest among all sibling species of the genus Lucilia, which helps to explain species evolution within the family Luciliinae. This study provides the first complete mt genome sequence for L. c. dorsalis derived from the NT, Australia to facilitate species identification and the examination of the evolutionary history of these blowflies.

300 million years apart: the extreme case of macromorphological skeletal convergence between deltocyathids and a turbinoliid coral (Anthozoa, Scleractinia).

The integration of morphological and molecular lines of evidence has enabled the family Deltocyathidae to be erected to accommodate Deltocyathus species that were previously ascribed to the family Caryophylliidae. However, although displaying the same morphological characteristics as other species of Deltocyathus , molecular data suggested that D. magnificus was phylogenetically distant from Deltocyathidae, falling within the family Turbinoliidae instead. To elucidate the enigmatic evolutionary history of this species and skeletal microstructural features, the phylogenetic relationships of Deltocyathidae and Turbinoliidae were investigated using nuclear ultraconserved and exon loci and complete mitochondrial genomes. Both nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenomic reconstructions confirmed the position of D. magnificus within turbinolids. Furthermore, a novel mitochondrial gene order was uncovered for Deltocyathidae species. This gene order was not present in Turbinoliidae or in D. magnificus that both have the scleractinian canonical gene order, further indicating the taxonomic utility of mitochondrial gene order. D. magnificus is therefore formally moved to the family Turbinoliidae and accommodated in a new genus (Dennantotrochus Kitahara, Vaga & Stolarski, gen. nov.). Surprisingly, turbinolids and deltocyathids do not differ in microstructural organisation of the skeleton that consists of densely packed, individualised rapid accretion deposits and thickening deposits composed of fibres perpendicular to the skeleton surface. Therefore, although both families are clearly evolutionarily divergent, macromorphological features indicate a case of skeletal convergence while these may still share conservative biomineralisation mechanisms. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5F1C0E25-3CC6-4D1F-B1F0-CD9D0014678E.

Mitogenomic Analysis and Phylogenetic Implications for the Deltocephaline Tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae).

The grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) presently comprises 324 described species worldwide, with the highest species diversity occurring in the Nearctic region but a greater diversity of genera occurring in the Old World. In China, this tribe comprises 39 described species in 11 genera, but the fauna remains understudied. The complete mitogenomes of three species of this tribe have been sequenced previously. In order to better understand the phylogenetic position of Chiasmini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae and to investigate relationships among Chiasmini genera and species, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitogenomes of 13 species belonging to seven genera from China. Comparison of the newly sequenced mitogenomes reveals a closed circular double-stranded structure containing 37 genes with a total length of 14,805 to 16,269 bp and a variable number of non-coding A + T-rich regions. The gene size, gene order, gene arrangement, base composition, codon usage, and secondary structure of tRNAs of the newly sequenced mitogenomes of these 13 species are highly conserved in Chiasmini. The ATN codon is commonly used as the start codon in protein-coding genes (PCGs), except for ND5 in Doratura sp. and ATP6 in Nephotettix nigropictus, which use the rare GTG start codon. Most protein-coding genes have TAA or TAG as the stop codon, but some genes have an incomplete T stop codon. Except for the tRNA for serine (trnS1(AGN)), the secondary structure of the other 21 tRNAs is a typical cloverleaf structure. In addition to the primary type of G-U mismatch, five other types of tRNA mismatches were observed: A-A, A-C, A-G, U-C, and U-U. Chiasmini mitochondrial genomes exhibit gene overlaps with three relatively stable regions: the overlapping sequence between trnW and trnC is AAGTCTTA, the overlapping sequence between ATP8 and ATP6 is generally ATGATTA, and the overlapping sequence between ND4 and ND4L is generally TTATCAT. The largest non-coding region is the control region, which exhibits significant length and compositional variation among species. Some Chiasmini have tandem repeat structures within their control regions. Unlike some other deltocephaline leafhoppers, the sequenced Chiasmini lack mitochondrial gene rearrangements. Phylogenetic analyses of different combinations of protein-coding and ribosomal genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods under different models, using either amino acid or nucleotide sequences, are generally consistent and also agree with results of prior analyses of nuclear and partial mitochondrial gene sequence data, indicating that complete mitochondrial genomes are phylogenetically informative at different levels of divergence within Chiasmini and among leafhoppers in general. Apart from Athysanini and Opsiini, most of the deltocephaline tribes are recovered as monophyletic. The results of ML and BI analyses show that Chiasmini is a monophyletic group with seven monophyletic genera arranged as follows: ((Zahniserius + (Gurawa + (Doratura + Aconurella))) + (Leofa + (Exitianus + Nephotettix))).

Serendipitous Discovery of Desert Hairy Scorpion Mitogenomes as Bycatch in Venom Data via Nanopore Sequencing

While originally intending to explore the venom gland microbiome of the desert hairy scorpion Hadrurus arizonensis Ewing, 1928, nanopore sequencing serendipitously recovered complete mitochondrial genomes for this iconic arachnid. Phylogenetic analysis of these high-quality genomes places Hadrurus as sister to Uroctonus, in agreement with some phylogenomic hypotheses. Additionally, we reveal significant genetic variation among individuals from the same population, highlighting the potential of mitogenomics for population genetics and phylogeography. This study showcases the effectiveness and affordability of nanopore sequencing for research with non-model organisms, opening new avenues for investigating arachnid biodiversity, evolution, and biogeography.

The invasive land flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus has repeated sequences in the mitogenome, extra-long cox2 gene and paralogous nuclear rRNA clusters

Using a combination of short- and long-reads sequencing, we were able to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive ‘New Zealand flatworm’ Arthurdendyus triangulatus (Geoplanidae, Rhynchodeminae, Caenoplanini) and its two complete paralogous nuclear rRNA gene clusters. The mitogenome has a total length of 20,309 bp and contains repetitions that includes two types of tandem-repeats that could not be solved by short-reads sequencing. We also sequenced for the first time the mitogenomes of four species of Caenoplana (Caenoplanini). A maximum likelihood phylogeny associated A. triangulatus with the other Caenoplanini but Parakontikia ventrolineata and Australopacifica atrata were rejected from the Caenoplanini and associated instead with the Rhynchodemini, with Platydemus manokwari. It was found that the mitogenomes of all species of the subfamily Rhynchodeminae share several unusual structural features, including a very long cox2 gene. This is the first time that the complete paralogous rRNA clusters, which differ in length, sequence and seemingly number of copies, were obtained for a Geoplanidae.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Phymateus saxosus (Coquerel, 1861) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) and phylogenetic analysis

Phymateus saxosus is a member of the family Pyrgomorphidae, Orthoptera. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of P. saxosus was determined and analyzed. Assembled mitogenome sequence of P. saxosus is 15,672 bp in size, containing 37 genes and a control region. The gene orientation and arrangement of P. saxosus are identical to other species in the Pyrgomorphoidea family. The overall nucleotide composition is as follows: A (43.6%) > T (30.2%) > C (16.1%) > G (10.1%). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that P. saxosus forms sister groups with P. morbillosus, and the monophyly of Pyrgomorphidae is supported. In general, this study provided valuable genetic information for P. saxosus and explored the phylogenetic relationships in the family Pyrgomorphidae.

The complete mitochondrial genome of pseudanthias pascalus (Jordan & Tanaka, 1927) (perciformes: serranidae)

Pseudanthias pascalus (Jordan & Tanaka, 1927) (Perciformes: Serranidae) is a species of brightly colored saltwater fish found in tropical coastal reef communities. In this study, we reported the sequence of mitochondrial DNA from P. pascalus. The accession number is OP611422. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. pascalus was 16,863 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNA genes, and one displacement loop (D-loop). Most PCGs had ATG-start codons and TAA-end codons. The A + T contents were 54.61%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. pascalus is most closely related to Pseudanthias huchtii. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of P. pascalus, providing improved marker identification information for the classification of the family and species conservation. These data will be useful for relative ecological and phylogenetic studies.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Libelloides sibiricus (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae)

Libelloides sibiricus (Eversmann, 1850) is widely distributed in China, Korea and eastern Russia. To date, few studies have been conducted on this species, with the exception of morphological taxonomy studies. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Libelloides sibiricus, which is 15,811 bp in length, with an overall A + T content of 74.8%, encoding 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and a control region. The gene arrangement and components of L. sibiricus are identical to those of most other Neuropteran species. TAA is utilized as the termination codon for most PCGs and TAG for nd1, however, nd6 and atp6 used the incomplete termination codon TA- and cox1, cox2, nd5, cytb had termination codons consisting of only T–. In addition, we selected all known 59 species of Neuroptera from NCBI, and used Sialis hamata, Sialis melania, Sialis longidens and Sialis jiyuni (Megaloptera: Sialidae) as the outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the mitogenome of L. sibiricus was the most closely related to L. macaronius and all the owlflies formed the monophyletic group within the superfamily Myrmeleontoidea.

The complete mitochondrial genome of freshwater gammarid Gammarus nipponensis (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae)

This study presents the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Gammarus nipponensis, a freshwater crustacean found in the western regions of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu in Japan. The entire genome is 16,429 bp in length, encoding a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes, as well as the putative control regions. The mitochondrial genome of G. nipponensis is characterized by a high concentration of A and T nucleotides (67.1%). Notably, the mitogenome contains long TATTTTA repeats in the control region 2 at 686 bp long. This newly available genome information will be useful for studying the evolutionary relationships within the genus Gammarus and for understanding diversification among G. nipponensis populations.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Hypsipetes amaurotis (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae)

The brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) is a medium-sized songbird native to East Asia and characterized by its prominent reddish-brown ear-coverts. Previous studies on it have primarily been from the taxonomic and morphological aspects, with limited research in the realm of molecular biology. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of H. amaurotis, which was the first reported complete mitogenome of the genus Hypsipetes. The mitogenome of H. amaurotis is 17,871 bp in length and was predicted to encode 37 typical mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). Specifically, this mitogenome contains two D-loop control regions that are of similar length and sequencing pattern. A total of 8 Pycnonotidae and six outgroup taxa were used to determine the phylogenetic placement with two methods: Maximum Likelihood Approximation (IQ-TREE) and Bayesian inference (MrBayes). Our findings reveal that H. amaurotis is phylogenetically closely related to Ixos mcclellandii. The outcomes are generally consistent with the phylogenetic trees constructed in previous studies. The data gathered from this research provides valuable insights for future genomic investigations into the evolution, ecology, and conservation of this species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and its phylogenetic analysis

We conducted an analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, a tick species known for transmitting various bacteria and viruses. The mitochondrial genome of R. haemaphysaloides has a length of 14,739 bp and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 2 control regions. By utilizing the maximum likelihood method, we established the phylogenetic relationship among R. haemaphysaloides and other species within the Rhipicephalus genus of the Ixodidae family. This analysis revealed that R. haemaphysaloides and other Rhipicephalus species belong to the same clade, further affirming the taxonomic placement of R. haemaphysaloides within the Rhipicephalus genus. Furthermore, we compared the mitochondrial genomes of R. haemaphysaloides isolates from Changning, Yunnan Province, China, with isolates from Yangxin, Ganzhou, and Yingtan, Hubei Province, China. In summary, our investigation offers genetic proof endorsing the taxonomic categorization and phylogenetic placement of Ixodidae by assessing the entire mitochondrial genome of R. haemaphysaloides.

Untangling deep‐sea corals systematics: Description of a new family, Stephanocyathidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia), through a genomic approach

AbstractOnce considered the most speciose mostly azooxanthellate scleractinian group, the family Caryophylliidae is found to be highly polyphyletic based on molecular data and is undergoing a process of systematic revision. High‐throughput sequencing methods coupled with morphological analyses have facilitated revision of several scleractinian lineages, including the aforementioned family. In previous studies that relied on few mitochondrial and nuclear markers, the caryophylliid genera Stephanocyathus and Vaughanella were phylogenetically recovered in separate clades from the lineage that includes the type genus of the family, Caryophyllia, which is considered the ‘true’ Caryophylliidae. To help untangle the relationship among taxa of this family, here a new deep‐sea scleractinian family (Stephanocyathidae Vaga, Cairns & Kitahara fam. nov.) is proposed based on phylogenomic reconstructions coupled with molecular features, specifically gene order, of the complete mitochondrial genome. Evolutionary reconstructions were based on both mitochondrial and nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and exon loci data sets and confirmed the divergent position of the genera Stephanocyathus and Vaughanella. The new family shows a specific gene transposition in the mitochondrial genome, not present in the ‘true’ caryophylliid lineage, but instead already observed for the species Paraconotrochus antarcticus, recovered as sister taxon of the here proposed new family. Although its phylogenetic position is unknown, the genus Ericiocyathus is also added to the new family, based on macromorphological similarities. This study represents a step forward in our understanding of deep‐sea corals relationships and provide further information (e.g., mitochondrial gene order) that will aid in future efforts of assessing the systematic of caryophylliid lineages.

Insight on kleptoparasitic bee, Melecta chinensis (hymenoptera: Apidae), in the Republic of Korea: Morphology, biology and molecular characteristics

AbstractThis study focused on a kleptoparasitic bee, Melecta chinensis, which is not well‐known in the Republic of Korea. We provided a detailed morphological illustration of the adult bees and their nesting biological characteristics with distributional data. Additionally, the complete mitochondrial genome of the species is presented for the first time, and its phylogenetic position within the family Apidae is estimated.As a result, we could suggest a full redescription of M. chinenesis for identification and a newly reported potential flower host for it. In addition, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of M. chinensis is revealed as 15,489 base pairs (bp) long, with 35 eukaryotic mitochondrial genes (13PCGs, 2 rRNAs, and 20 tRNAs) and a 706 bp AT‐rich region. The overall base composition is 75.82% AT and 24.18% GC. The 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs) started with a typical ATN codon (ATA in nine genes and ATG in four genes) and terminated with TNN (TAN in 10 genes and TTT in one gene) or ANN (AAC in one gene and ATT in one gene). The phylogenetic results based on 13 PCGs showed that M. chinensis is distantly positioned to bumble bees (Bombus) and honey bees (Apis) but closely related to a stingless bee, Frieseomelitta varia, within the family.

First report of the complete mitochondrial genome of Carpomya pardalina (Bigot) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and phylogenetic relationships with other Tephritidae

Carpomya pardalina is known for its potential invasiveness, which poses a significant and alarming threat to Cucurbitaceae crops. It is considered a highly perilous pest species that requires immediate attention for quarantine and prevention. Due to the challenges in distinguishing pests of the Tephritidae family based on morphological characteristics, it is imperative to elucidate the mitochondrial genomic information of C. pardalina. In this study, the mitochondrial genome sequence of C. pardalina was determined and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. The results revealed that the mitogenome sequence had a total length of 16,257 bp, representing a typical circular molecule. It consisted of 13 PCGs, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a non-coding region. The structure and organization of the mitochondrial genome of C. pardalina were found to be typical and similar to the published homologous sequences of other fruit flies in the Tephritidae family. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that C. pardalina belongs to the Carpomya genus, which is consistent with traditional morphological taxonomy. Additionally, Carpomya and Rhagoletis were identified as sister groups. This study presents the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome of C. pardalina, which can serve as a valuable resource for future investigations in species diagnosis, evolutionary biology, prevention and control measures.