Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Research Articles

The complete mitochondrial genome Hainan Gymnure Neohylomys hainanensis

The Hainan Gymnure Neohylomys hainanensis is a small-size mammal which occurs in Hainan, China and north Vietnam. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of N. hainanensis. The whole mitochondrial genome is 17,337 bp, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and one control region. The base composition of the N. hainanensis total mitogenome is: 33.4% A, 12.2% G, 33.1% T, and C 21.3%, with an A + T content of 66.5%. The K2P genetic distance analysis supports current taxonomy that places the hainanensis, sinensis and suillus in different genera. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that N. hainanensis is closely related to Neotetracus sinensis based on the complete mitochondrial genome sequences. The mitogenomic data will contribute to molecular phylogenetics and conservation genetics of the species.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Position of Chirolophis wui (Perciformes: Stichaeidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome of Chirolophis wui (Wang and Wang, 1935) was sequenced using the Illumina platform. The genome sequence is 16,522 bp in length with 54% A+T content and contains 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 1 control region (D-loop). The H-strand contains 28 genes (12 PCGs, 14 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs), whereas the L-strand accommodates 9 genes (ND6 and 8 tRNAs). The nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial genome of C. wui is AT-biased, accounting for 54.0%, with an AT skew value of −0.0556 and a GC skew value of −0.2043. The majority of PCGs utilized the start codon, ATG, while only one gene, COI, utilized the alternative start codon, GTG. Of the 13 PCGs, 6 genes used the termination codon (TAA or TGA), whereas 7 genes used the incomplete termination codon (T or TA). Among the 22 tRNA genes, the tRNA-Leu and tRNA-Ser were found in duplicates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using 10 complete mitochondrial genome sequences and indicated that C. wui has a very close relationship with C. japonicus and other species in the family Stichaeidae, with a high supporting bootstrap value. This study can provide valuable information for future evolutionary studies on C. wui and Stichaeidae.

Geographical origin of Plasmodium vivax in the Hainan Island, China: insights from mitochondrial genome

BackgroundHainan Province, China, has been an endemic region with high transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Indigenous malaria caused by P. vivax was eliminated in Hainan in 2011, while imported vivax malaria remains. However, the geographical origin of P. vivax cases in Hainan remains unclear.MethodsIndigenous and imported P. vivax isolates (n = 45) were collected from Hainan Province, and the 6 kb mitochondrial genome was obtained. Nucleotide (π) and haplotype (h) diversity were estimated using DnaSP. The numbers of synonymous nucleotide substitutions per synonymous site (dS) and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions per nonsynonymous site (dN) were calculated using the SNAP program. Arlequin software was used to estimate the genetic diversity index and assess population differentiation. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of P. vivax was performed using MrBayes. A haplotype network was generated using the NETWORK program.ResultsIn total, 983 complete mitochondrial genome sequences were collected, including 45 from this study and 938 publicly available from the NCBI. Thirty-three SNPs were identified, and 18 haplotypes were defined. The haplotype (0.834) and nucleotide (0.00061) diversity in the Hainan populations were higher than China’s Anhui and Guizhou population, and the majority of pairwise FST values in Hainan exceeded 0.25, suggesting strong differentiation among most populations except in Southeast Asia. Most Hainan haplotypes were connected to South/East Asian and China’s others haplotypes, but less connected with populations from China's Anhui and Guizhou provinces. Mitochondrial lineages of Hainan P. vivax belonged to clade 1 of four well-supported clades in a phylogenetic tree, most haplotypes of indigenous cases formed a subclade of clade 1, and the origin of seven imported cases (50%) could be inferred from the phylogenetic tree, but five imported cases (42.8%) could not be traced using the phylogenetic tree alone, necessitating epidemiological investigation.ConclusionsIndigenous cases in Hainan display high genetic (haplotype and nucleotide) diversity. Haplotype network analysis also revealed most haplotypes in Hainan were connected to the Southeast Asian populations and divergence to a cluster of China’s other populations. According to the mtDNA phylogenetic tree, some haplotypes were shared between geographic populations, and some haplotypes have formed lineages. Multiple tests are needed to further explore the origin and expansion of P. vivax populations.

Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Tupaia belangeri yaoshanensis (Wang, 1987) from Dayao Mountains in China

The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) is currently placed in the order Scandentia. Owing to their unique characteristics, such as small body size, high brain-to-body mass ratio, short reproductive cycle and life span, and low maintenance costs in laboratory conditions, tree shrews have been proposed as alternative experimental animals to primates in biomedical research. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the subspecies Tupaia belangeri yaoshanensis (T.b. yaoshanensis). The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is 16,777 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (12S and 16S), and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The base composition of the mitogenome was A (32.28%), T (26.82%), G (14.79%), and C (26.11%). For the 13 PCGs, 1405 variable sites were found between T.b. yaoshanensis and T.b. chinensis (JN800724), of which 916 were synonymous and 489 were nonsynonymous. The frequency of mutations significantly varied among the different genes, with the highest value in the mt-NAD5 gene of tree shrews. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs revealed a closer relationship between the species of Scandentia and Lagomorpha. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of T.b. yaoshanensis.

Comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome ofMelanoplus differentialis(Acrididae: Melanoplinae) captured in Korea

AbstractIn this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive insect speciesMelanoplus differentialiscaptured in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genome ofM. differentialisis 15,625 bp long and comprises 13 protein‐coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNAs, with a GC ratio of 25.2%. In total, 353 SNPs and 11 INDEL regions (total length 67 bp) were found against the previously sequencedM. differentialismitochondrial genome recorded as public genome data. The number of interspecific variations was greater than the number of intraspecific variations in this insect. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the mitochondrial genome clustered theMelanoplusclade with two previously reportedMelanoplussequences. However, the sequences were not divided at the species‐level clade possibly as a consequence of misidentification caused by an error in the public database. Our results extend the molecular database status ofMelanoplusby providing a novel complete mitochondrial genome sequence forM. differentialisthat could serve as reference for further molecular studies.

Comparison and Phylogenetic Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes of Talpidae Animals.

Talpidae is a model group for evolutionary studies due to their highly specialized morphologies and diverse lifestyles. Mitochondrial genomes are molecular markers commonly used in species evolution and phylogenetic studies. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Scaptochirus moschatus was obtained by Illumina NovaSeq sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genomes of 14 Talpidae species (including Scaptochirus moschatus obtained in the present study) and the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene sequences of 48 Talpidae species were downloaded from the NCBI database for comparison and phylogenetic studies to analyze the phylogenetic relationships and to find the possible reasons of the niche differentiation and ecotype specialization of Talpidae animals. The results showed that the mitochondrial genome sequences of 14 species belonging to the family Talpidae were 16,528 to 16,962 bp, all containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA, two rRNA, and a non-coding region (control region). The difference in the number of repetitive repeats in the control region is responsible for the difference in the length of Talpidae mitochondrial genome sequences. Combining the divergence time of Talpidae animals with the geological history, it is found that the niche differentiation and ecotype divergence of Talpidae is closely related to historically global climate changes. Semi-aquatic groups diverged in the early Oligocene (about 31.22 MYA), probably in response to the global climate transition from warm to cool. During the early Miocene (about 19.54 MYA), some species of Talpidae moved to underground habitats and formed fossorial groups that were adept at digging due to the effects of the glaciation. In the middle Miocene (about 16.23 MYA), some Talpidae animals returned to the ground and formed semi-fossorial shrew moles as global climate warming again.

Bioarchaeological study of ancient Teotihuacans based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences and diet isotopes

Background The Teotihuacan civilisation was the largest one in ancient Mesoamerica. The Teotihuacan city was born in the north-eastern Basin of Mexico around the second century BC, reached its peak in the fourth century AD, and had cultural influence throughout Mesoamerica. At its peak, the size of the city reached more than 20 km2, and the total population is estimated to have increased from 100,000 to 200,000. However, knowledge of the genetic background of the Teotihuacan people is still limited. Aim We aimed to determine the mitogenome sequences of the Teotihuacan human remains and compare the ancient and present Mesoamericans. In addition, we aimed to identify the food habits of ancient Teotihuacans. Subjects and methods We determined the mitogenome sequences of human remains dated to 250–636 cal AD using target enrichment-coupled next generation sequencing. We also performed stable isotope analysis. Results We successfully obtained nearly full-length sequences newly unearthed from a civilian dwelling in the Teotihuacan site. Teotihuacan mitochondrial DNA was classified into the haplogroups in present and ancient Mesoamericans. In addition, Teotihuacan individuals had a diet dependent on C4 plants such as maize. Conclusion Genetic diversity varied among the Teotihuacans.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of Pangasius nasutus and P. conchophilus (Siluriformes: Pangasiidae)

The catfish, Pangasius nasutus and P. conchophilus, are often misidentified between each other due to their similar morphology. Thus, the current study was conducted to differentiate them based on a molecular approach. The complete mitochondrial genomes of P. nasutus and P. conchophilus obtained from the Pahang River (Peninsular Malaysia) were sequenced, assembled, and annotated using next-generation sequencing (NGS). A 16,465 bp and 16,470 bp length mitogenome sequence of P. nasutus and P. conchophilus, respectively, was generated, each containing 13 protein genes, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs, typical of most vertebrates. This is the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of P. nasutus and P. conchophilus. These data are a valuable genetic resource for future studies of these two commercially important species.

THE COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME OF NEOSEIULUS CALIFORNICUS (MESOSTIGMATA, PHYTOSEIIDAE) AND CONTROL REGION POLYMORPHISM

Neoseiulus californicus is widely used as an effective biocontrol agent of spider mites. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of N. californicus was determined using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. The complete mitochondrial genome is 21,318 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rRNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes. Its AT content is 78.4%. All start and stop codons of the protein-coding genes are canonical, except for the missing stop codon for the cox3 gene. The control region was polymorphic in length between the sublines of N. californicus due to variable number of direct repeats. The mitogenome presented in this paper contributes to the study of the genetic structure of N. californicus biocontrol populations.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica)

The Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) is a hystricomorph rodent species and has been suggested to be native to southern Asia and the Middle East. Complete mitochondrial genomes are available that can be used to identify and clarify the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships, but until now the mitochondrial genome of the crested porcupine was not available. The present study is the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the H. indica, with a length of 16,811 bp (GenBank accession number: ON408241). The mitochondrial genome sequence encompassed 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one non-coding region (D-loop) in this study. The overall AT and GC contents of the mitochondrial genome of H. indica were 62.18% and 37.81% respectively. Ten protein-coding genes used ATG as the start codon except for ND-2 (ATC), ND3, and ND5 (ATA). Diverse patterns of stop codons were observed, such as TAG, TAA, AGA, and TA. Based on the phylogenic analysis, the 15 species included in the analysis were assembled into three main groups and were largely congruent with families of rodents, including Sciuridae species in the first group, Hystricidae species in the second group, and species of Castoridae, Dipodidae, Spalacidae, Cricetidae, and Muridae families in the third group. The complete mitochondrial genome of H. indica provides fundamental information for future research studies.

Complete organellar genomes of six Sargassum species and development of species-specific markers

Sargassum is one of the most important brown algal genera that can be used as food and raw material for medicinal purpose, and has various beneficial effects. As the classification of Sargassum species is currently based on their morphological characteristics, organellar genome sequences of Sargassum would provide important information for accurate identification of species and developing species-specific markers. We sequenced the complete organellar genomes of six Sargassum species, including the first complete chloroplast genome sequences of S. fulvellum, S. serratifolium, S. macrocarpum, and S. siliquastrum, and the first complete mitochondrial genome sequences of S. fulvellum, S. serratifolium, and S. macrocarpum. The chloroplast genomes of the 6 Sargassum species contained 139 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and the mitochondrial genomes possessed 37 PCGs. A comparative study was performed between the newly sequenced organellar genomes and 44 other species belonging to class Phaeophyceae. Phylogenetic relationships using PCGs shared by Phaeophyceae species were constructed with IQ-TREE 2 using the maximum likelihood method. In addition, we developed real-time PCR markers based on SNPs to distinguish the 6 Sargassum species. Our results provide useful information for establishing phylogenetic relationships between brown algae.

THE SEQUENCE BETWEEN MITOCHONDRIAL NAD1-NAD2 GENES ARE POTENTIAL MOLECULAR MARKERS OF HARPACTORINAE PREDATORS (HETEROPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)

Assassin bugs are terrestrial predators belonging to the family Reduviidae. Among the 24 subfamilies, harparctorinae is predominant and extensively investigated for biocontrol applications compared to the others subfamilies in Reduviidae. Being natural enemies of phytophagous insects, understanding the phylogeny of these predatory bugs can precise the selection of candidates to employ in insect pest management. In addition to morphological systematics, complete mitochondrial genome sequences provide great insights into the phylogeny for resolving evolutionary complexity. Complete mitochondrial genomes of four potential predatory harpactorinae and one outgroup triatominae were retrieved from NCBI GenBank database. Comparative analysis of the five mitogenomes and the nucleotide sequence between nad1 and nad2 genes were selected as the best option to distinguish. The nucleotide sequence between nad1- nad2 are found to be biased towards A and T similar to their respective complete mitogenomes. Tajima’s test of neutrality suggest that the evolutionary selection at nad1-nad2 was parallel to the complete mitogenome and showed positive and significant (p > 0.1) with high nucleotide diversity. Unequal evolutionary rate at nad1-nad2 between lineages observed in Tajima’s relative rate test and proved the nucleotide sequences of nad1-nad2 between species are highly variable. Comparing the phylogenetic trees generated using the complete mitogenomes and nad1-nad2 genes uncovered the correlation between the trees and having identical branches with varying bootstrap values. Conventionally the highly conserved protein-coding cox1 gene is used for molecular taxonomy whereas this study provides an additional and/or a possible alternative molecular marker for genetic comparative test (the nucleotide sequence between nad1-nad2) to understand the systematics and phylogeny of Reduviidae. The significant nucleotide diversity, high genetic distance and less genetic similarity of the sequence between nad1-nad2 genes among the species studied, Agriosphodrus dohrni, Rhynocoris fuscipes, Scipinia horrida, and Velinus nodipes undoubtedly propose the possible utilization of nad1-nad2 region as distinguishable molecular marker.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome, Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pingpu Yellow Chicken (Gallus gallus).

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of one female Pingpu Yellow chicken (PYC) and the D-loop sequences obtained from 60 chickens were analyzed to investigate their genetic diversity and phylogeny. The total length of the PYC mitogenome is 16,785 bp and that of the complete D-loop is 1231 to 1232 bp. The mitogenome comprises 22 transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal ribonucleic acids (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop). Additionally, the total length of the 13 PCGs is 11,394 bp, accounting for 67.88% of the complete mitogenome sequence, and the PCGs region has 3798 codons. A majority of the PCGs have ATG as the start codon. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of PYC were 1.00000 ± 0.00029 and 0.32678 ± 0.29756, respectively. In the D-Loop data set, we found 25 polymorphic sites, which determined 18 haplotypes and 3 major haplogroups (A-C). Therefore, PYC has a classical vertebrate mitogenome, with comparatively high nucleotide diversity and potentially three maternal lineages. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree analysis results showed PYC grouped with the Luhua (MT555049.1) and Nandan chickens (KP269069.1), which indicates that PYC is closely related to these two breeds.

Genome-Based Taxa Delimitation (GBTD): A New Approach

Proper taxonomic identification is essential for biological research. Unfortunately, there are no clear guidelines for taxonomic assignment above the species level. Here, we present a novel approach—GBTD—to the use of genetic divergence to evaluate the taxonomic position of certain samples with simultaneous estimation of the current systematics correctness. This approach includes measuring the raw and model-adjusted distances between DNA sequences and attributing them to the lowest taxonomic levels that are common in sample pairs to reveal distance distributions matching different taxonomic levels (species, genus, family etc.). GBTD facilitated the reassessment of the taxonomic position of the samples, whose genetic distances relative to other samples in the dataset did not match their taxonomic divergence. A data set of complete mitochondrial genome sequences of segmented worms was chosen to test this approach. As a result, numerous inconsistencies in the systematics of samples from GenBank were pointed out. These inconsistencies included both the oversplitting and overlumping of individuals into taxa of different levels and clear cases of misidentification. Our approach sparks re-evaluation of the current systematics where traditional methods fail to provide sufficient resolution.

The complete mitochondrial genome study and phylogenetic analysis of Asiatic Water Snake (Fowlea piscator) using ‘Next-Generation Sequencing’ technology

The first complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of Asiatic Water snake or Checkered Keelback or Fowlea piscator (=Xenochrophis piscator) was carried out using Next-Generation Sequencing technology. The complete mitochondrial genome of Asiatic Water snake is 16,999bp long with a base composition of 33% A, 28% T, 12% G and 27% C, with a GC content of 39%. Like the typical snake mitochondrial genome, F. piscator also shows relatively similar mitogenome arrangement comprising 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and two non-coding regions or a duplicated control region (D-Loop) along with an origin of replication. Nine genes including eight tRNAs and NAD6 were encoded on the Light or L-strand. Phylogenetic analyses using the complete mitochondrial genome of F. piscator demonstrate a close relationship with the family Colubridae and sub family Natricinae.

Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Datnioides campbelli (Datnioididae)

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the New Guinea tiger fish Datnioides campbelli (Whitley 1938) (Lobotiformes: Datnioididae) was sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitochondrial genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes, with a length of 16,416 bp. The total base composition of the mitogenome of D. campbelli was 29.31% for A, 29.02% for C, 15.14% for G and 26.54% for T. A phylogenetic tree based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) provides important molecular data for further phylogeographic and evolutionary analysis of Lobotiformes.

Complete mitochondrial genome of little ringed plover Charadrius dubius (Charadriiformes, Charadriidae)

This study encoded the complete mitochondrial genomic sequence of the little ringed plover Charadrius dubius. The mitochondrial genome has a total length of 16,864 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. The nucleotide composition was 23.8% T, 31.6% A, 30.8% C, and 13.8% G. This study provides the basic information on the mitogenome of C. dubius and supports the understanding of mitogenomic information and its phylogenetic relationship within Charadriiformes.

Mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Chaohu duck

A complete mitochondrial genome sequence is important for the accurate determination of phylogenetic relationships. Chaohu duck is a dominant native breed in Anhui Province, China. We aimed to ascertain the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Chaohu duck via high-throughput sequencing and primer walking. Phylogenetic analysis of Chaohu duck was performed following Kimura 2-parameter model. The total length of the mitogenome was 16,597 bp, and comprised 29.2 %A, 22.2 % T, 32.8 % C, and 15.8 % G. It included 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region (D-loop). Furthermore, the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity values were 0.9028(Hd) and 0.01162(Pi) respectively. This indicates that Chaohu duck has high population diversity. Twenty-two haplotypes were identified in sixty Chaohu ducks which were divided into two haplogroups. Therefore, we inferred that Chaohu duck may originate from Anas platyrhynchos, and was influenced by Anas poecilorhyncha during evolution. Our results provide mitochondrial genome information for further studies on Chaohu ducks and lays a foundation for germplasm resources conservation.

First Description of the Mitogenome Features of Neofoleyellides Genus (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) Isolated from a Wild Bird (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax).

Simple SummaryFilarioidea, a superfamily of nematodes, presently includes 42 species divided into six genera, mainly in the family Onchocercidae, which have been reported to infect a wide range of hosts, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. Current limitations in molecular characterization methods and species identification are the main obstacles to a better understanding of the biology of Onchocercidae species, particularly in wildlife. Thus, the objective of the present study was to sequence and analyze the complete mt genome of Neofoleyellides sp. isolated from a wild bird (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and to assess its phylogenetic position in the Onchocercidae family. The evaluated Neofoleyellides sp. mt genome was consistent with the molecular pattern of the Onchocercidae family: 36 subunits consisting of 12 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene, cox1 gene, and 12 PCGs showed consistent results, which strongly supported monophyly of the genus Neofoleyellides. These findings enriched the gene database and improved our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of the Onchocercidae family, which provide useful genetic markers to study the population genetics, molecular biology, and phylogenetics of these Onchocercidae nematodes.The Onchocercidae family is composed of more than 30 valid nematode species with notable zoonotic potential. Current limitations in molecular characterization methods and species identification are the main obstacles to a better understanding of the biology of Onchocercidae species, particularly in wildlife. This study describes for the first time the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of Neofoleyellides sp. isolated from a wild bird (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and belonging to the Neofoleyellides genus (Nematoda: Onchocercidae). The mt genome of Neofoleyellides sp. (GenBank accession number: ON641583) was a typical circular DNA molecule of 13,628 bp in size with an AT content of 76.69%. The complete mt genome comprised 36 functional subunits, including 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The most common start codon was ATT/ATG except for nad2 with TTG, and TAA was the termination codon for all protein-coding genes (PCGs). Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated and aligned amino acid sequences of the 12 PCGs showed that the trees generated using different methods (Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) with different partition schemes shared similar topologies. The isolated Neofoleyellides sp. was placed in the Onchocercidae family and formed a sister branch with the genera Onchocerca and Dirofilaria. The entire mt genome of Neofoleyellides sp. presented in this study could provide useful data for studying the population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of Onchocercidae species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the starfish Coscinasterias acutispina Stimpson, 1862 (Echinodermata, Forcipulatida) from the East China Sea

In this study, we determined the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Coscinasterias acutispina Stimpson, 1862. The mitogenome was 16,186 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The gene order and direction were identical to those of other asteroid starfish species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. acutispina was located at the basal position of Forcipulatida, belonging to the genus Coscinasterias within the family of Asteriidae.