Complete Mediation Research Articles

Mengungkap Kekuatan Perceived Organizational Support dan Servant Leadership terhadap Employee Performance: Eksplorasi Work Engagement sebagai Mediator Kunci di Sektor Publik

The evolving dynamics of work influenced by the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic have compelled management to formulate precise strategies for the proficient management of human resources (HRM) to ensure the continued optimal performance of organizations. This paradigm extends its applicability to the public sector, where the position and functions of Civil Servants (ASN) within governmental bodies are of paramount importance in the execution of national development initiatives. Thus, this research endeavor seeks to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and servant leadership concerning employee performance, with work engagement serving as a mediating factor within the context of ASN employed by Financial Management Institutions within the public sector. The study was conducted through the administration of a questionnaire survey to 305 ASN respondents situated at the Central Office of the Financial Management Institution, employing the Covariance Based – Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) technique for data analysis. The research findings manifest that both POS and servant leadership exhibit a significantly positive influence on work engagement. Moreover, work engagement serves as a complete and significant mediator in the relationship between POS and servant leadership, affecting employee performance in a significantly positive manner. This research contributes to managerial implications that can be applied within organizations, leadership circles, and among individuals within the public sector, concerning the interrelated concepts of POS, servant leadership, work engagement, and employee performance.

The mediating role of mentalization and integrative self-knowledge in the relationship between childhood trauma and fear of intimacy.

Since intimacy is a fundamental human need within social relationships, and recognizing that a fear of intimacy correlates with various negative consequences, it becomes crucial to examine the origins and factors that contribute to addressing this issue. This research aimed to investigate the mediating roles of mentalization and integrative self-knowledge in the link between childhood trauma and the fear of intimacy. Conducted as correlational descriptive research, our study incorporates a total sample of 303 adult women and men participants aged 20 to 50 in Tehran using the convenience sampling method. They completed the Fear of Intimacy Scale (FIS), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Mentalization Scale (MentS), and the Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale (ISK). To analyze the research data at the descriptive level, frequency, percentage, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used, while path analysis tested our hypotheses in SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24. Fit indices were used to check the model's fit, and the mediation test was performed using the bootstrapping method. The fit indices revealed an excellent fit of the model with the data (χ2 = 1.51, χ2/df = 1.51, p = 0.219; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.02; CFI = 0.99; NFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99). Results indicate mentalization fully mediates the childhood trauma-fear of intimacy relationship (β = 0.14, p < 0.01). However, the indirect relationship between childhood trauma and fear of intimacy through integrative self-knowledge was insignificant. The results also showed that the path coefficient from mentalization to fear of intimacy was negative and significant (β = -0.41, p < 0.001), while the path coefficient from integrative self-knowledge to fear of intimacy was not significant (β = -0.02, p > 0.05). Based on the current findings indicating the complete mediation of mentalization and the insignificance of the mediation of integrative self-knowledge, we can deduce that enhancing the capacity for mentalization holds promise in effectively addressing intimacy-related issues. Overall, the study suggests mentalization effectively predicts the relationship between childhood trauma and fear of intimacy. This, in turn, may mitigate the detrimental effects of challenging childhood experiences on an individual's ability to engage in intimacy and cultivate emotional closeness.

The Mediating Effect of Well-Being, Happiness, and Trust in the Relationship Between Work-Life Balance and Work Effectiveness in Seafarers.

In the contemporary global context, seafarers persist as the uncelebrated heroes of international trade, despite their substantial contributions. The current estimate places the number of STCW- certified officers at 857 540, reflecting a notable increase of 10.8% since 2015. Nevertheless, there is a growing recognition of the imperative to accord specific attention to seafarers' mental and physical well-being. During their tenures aboard ships, seafarers confront various challenges, including psychological well-being, work-life imbalance, dissatisfaction, diminished performance, and a sense of mistrust toward the organizational framework. The primary objective of this research is to scrutinize the nexus between work-life balance and work effectiveness, exploring the mediating roles of psychological well-being, organizational happiness, and organizational trust. A questionnaire-based survey is meticulously crafted to achieve this, employing a dataset comprising 420 seafarers engaged in diverse vessel types in Turkey, operating under both Turkish and international flags. Methodologically, structural equation modeling and correlation analyses are executed to assess the formulated research hypotheses rigorously. The empirical findings of this research reveal noteworthy mediating roles: psychological well-being exhibits a complete mediation effect, organizational happiness demonstrates a full mediation effect, and organizational trust manifests a partial mediation effect. These outcomes underscore the nuanced interplay between work-life balance and work effectiveness in the seafaring context. The implications of these findings extend significantly to the maritime sector and industry, accentuating the imperative for targeted interventions to enhance the well-being and performance of seafaring professionals.

Role of Perceived Behavioral Control, Perceived Trust and Entrepreneurial Intentions in Crowdfunding Intentions

This study seeks to examine the entrepreneurial intentions and crowdfunding practices within the context of university business and management students in Lahore, Pakistan. The investigation employs the theory of planned behavior and perceived behavior control as conceptual frameworks to analyze entrepreneurial intentions. The research assesses the influence of entrepreneurial intentions on crowdfunding intentions, taking into consideration facilitating circumstances and perceived trust in crowdfunding platforms. A sample of 244 university management students in Lahore, Pakistan, was surveyed, and the collected data were subjected to analysis using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through Smart PLS 4. Notably, the study reveals that entrepreneurial intention serves as a complete mediator in the relationship between social influence, perceived trust, and crowdfunding intention. Additionally, entrepreneurial intention functions as a partial mediator in connecting perceived behavioral control with crowdfunding intention. This research contributes novelty to the existing literature by being the inaugural exploration into the interrelation between entrepreneurial intentions and the utilization of crowdfunding among university business students in Pakistan. The unique focus on this specific demographic enhances the significance of the study in understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurial behavior and crowdfunding adoption within an educational setting.

THE IMPACT OF REGULATORY MEASURES AND INTERNAL OVERSIGHT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS VIA SAP ACCRUAL BASE IMPLEMENTATION

ABSTRACT&#x0D; This research aims to examine and elucidate the influence of regulations and internal controls on the efficacy of the regional financial management information system (SIPKD), mediated through the introduction of an accrual-based accounting system. Employing quantitative research methods, a questionnaire was utilized to gather data from 80 respondents in private capacities, including heads of OPDs, Budget User Authorities (KPAs), Budget Technical Implementing Officers (PPTKs), and Expenditure Treasurers across 20 Provincial Government Organizations (OPDs) in Jambi, Indonesia. The collected data underwent analysis using Wrap-PLS 7. The results demonstrated that the implementation of SAP accruals acted as a complete mediator, as direct regulatory measures and internal controls did not significantly impact the SIPKD's performance. However, when mediated through these two external variables, there was a significant positive effect on the SIPKD's performance. These findings imply the necessity of updating local governmental regulations and enhancing internal oversight to align with the SAP accruals policy, thereby achieving performance benchmarks for regional financial management information systems.

The Role of Mastery Goal on Life Satisfaction Using PERMA as A Mediator for College Students

This study examined the relationship between mastery goals, including task-based and self-based competence, and positive emotions, engagement, relationship, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA), which may affect life satisfaction. Mastery goals, PERMA, and life satisfaction were examined using a relationship study model. The current study involved 260 English education programs, with 81 (31.2%) male students and 179 (68.8%) female students. AMOS 18 was used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results of the current study demonstrate that task-based competence influences life satisfaction. In contrast, self-based competence was found not to affect life satisfaction. Analysis of SEM revealed significant influences of task-based competence on PERMA and no significant relationships between self-based competence and PERMA. PERMA partially mediates the influence of task-related competence on life satisfaction. The indirect effects of self-based competence on life satisfaction were observed through PERMA as a complete mediator. The novelty of the current research lies in its focus on mastery goals, the target population of college students, and the mediating role of PERMA. These contributions are critical, as teachers or instructors are responsible for developing student well-being and life satisfaction. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SIED2-018 Full Text: PDF

Does New Infrastructure Affect Regional Carbon Intensity? Empirical Evidence from China

After the proposal of the carbon neutrality target, the reduction carbon emissions in China has become increasingly critical. The rapid advancement of new infrastructures, such as 5G infrastructure, artificial intelligence, and the industrial Internet, is a key factor influencing the change in carbon intensity through complex mechanisms, which necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their impact on regional carbon emission intensity. We employ the “structure-technology” effect as the transmission pathway and construct a model based on the STIRPAT model to compare and analyze the disparities in the influence of new infrastructures on the entire country and various regions. Moreover, spatial effects are also taken into consideration to investigate the pivotal areas for carbon emission reduction. The main results are as follows: (1) The carbon emission intensity in China demonstrates a consistent annual decline from 2011 to 2020. Regional disparities exist in both carbon emission intensity and the development of new infrastructure, with the western region exhibiting higher carbon emission intensity and lower investment in new infrastructure. (2) New infrastructure has the potential to positively impact the reduction of regional carbon intensity. However, the presence of an inverted U-shaped relationship suggests that China should avoid the indiscriminate expansion of new infrastructure. Instead, such projects can facilitate industrial structure optimization and technological advancements. (3) When considering regional nuances, the effect of industrial optimization is partially mediating in eastern and central China but obscuring in the western region. On the other hand, technological progress exhibits complete mediation in the central region. In conclusion, this study recommends specific measures for carbon emission reduction at both national and regional levels, accounting for the unique circumstances surrounding China’s ongoing development of new infrastructure.

Victimization and cybervictimization: The role of school factors.

Victimization and cybervictimization can negatively affect the subjective experience of well-being. This effect can be mediated by school factors, even if a deep understanding of these factors still needs to be determined. The present study examined how peer network, teacher support, and school connectedness mediated the relationship between victimization, cybervictimization, and well-being. We developed two mediation models, considering victimization (Model 1) and cybervictimization (Model 2) as predictors, well-being as the outcome, peer network, teacher support, and school connectedness as parallel mediators, and gender as a covariate variable. The sample comprised 563 Italian students (Mage = 11.5; 45% females). Students filled out a purpose-built questionnaire investigating victimization and cybervictimization, peer network, teacher support, school connectedness, and well-being. Two multiple mediation models were run using Process. The two models showed similar patterns [Model 1: F(8, 169) = 34.35, p ≤ .001, R2 = .34; Model 2: F(8, 169) = 40.13, p ≤ .001, R2 = .34]. Indeed, victimization (Model 1) and cybervictimization (Model 2) had negative significant effects on peer network, teacher support, and school connectedness. However, their direct effects on well-being were not significant, as peer network and school connectedness emerged as complete mediators between victimization (Model 1) and cybervictimization (Model 2) and well-being. Males displayed higher levels of well-being compared to females. Peer network and school connectedness play a crucial role in mediating the impact of victimization and cybervictimization on well-being. Educators and policymakers should prioritize fostering supportive peer network and strengthening school connectedness to create an environment that mitigates the negative effects of victimization and cybervictimization, enhancing overall student well-being.

Mediation role of anxiety on social support and depression among diabetic patients in elderly caring social organizations in China during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDiabetes has become a prominent global public health problem, which is an important cause of death, disease burden, and medical and health economic burden.Previous studies have reported that majority of persons diagnosed with diabetes later presented with psychological and mental health diseases. The study aimed to explore the mediation role of anxiety on social support and depression among diabetic patents in elderly caring social organizations (SOs).MethodsA multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used in this cross-sectional study, and a questionnaire consisting of demographic questionnaire, MSPSS, GAD-7, and CES-D-10 was utilized to gather data. SPSS 22.0 and MPLUS 7.4 were used for statistical analysis. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate correlations of key variables. A generalized linear model was used to exam factors associated with depression. Finally, the mediation effect among study variables was investigated by structural equation modeling (SEM).ResultsThe average scores of social support, anxiety, and depression were 58.41 ± 14.67, 2.95 ± 3.95, and 7.24 ± 5.53, respectively. The factors of gender, social support, and anxiety were identified as significantly influential factors related to depression among diabetic patients in elderly caring SOs. The effect of social support on depression was significantly mediated by anxiety (β = -0.467, 95%CI: -0.813 to -0.251). Furthermore, anxiety partially mediated the relationship between family support and depression (β = -0.112, 95%CI: -0.229 to -0.012), and anxiety functioned as a complete mediator in the effect of significant others' support and depression (β = -0.135, 95%CI: -0.282 to -0.024).ConclusionsThe indirect effect of social support on depression through anxiety among diabetic patients in elderly caring SOs was elucidated. Social support played a key role in maintaining and regulating their mental health, particularly from family and significant others. Social support provided by both family and significant others exerted an important influence on maintaining and regulating their mental health. In light of this pathway, the elderly caring SOs should enhance the magnitude of social support from these two sources, thereby diminishing the likelihood of experiencing anxiety and depression.

K리그 관람객의 레트로 마케팅, 장소애착 및 관람만족 관계분석

This study investigated the relationships among FC Seoul's retro marketing, place attachment to Seoul World Cup Stadium, and the satisfaction of K-League spectators. A survey was employed as the primary data collection method gathering total of 306 questionnaires through non-probability convenience sampling. Data analysis used SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 22.0, involving techniques such as frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. The key findings were summarized as follows: Firstly, FC Seoul's retro marketing significantly influences place attachment to Seoul World Cup Stadium. Secondly, place attachment significantly impacts the satisfaction of K-League spectators. Thirdly, FC Seoul's retro marketing does not directly affect spectator satisfaction in a significant manner. Lastly, place attachment serves as a complete mediator in the relationship between FC Seoul's retro marketing and the satisfaction of K-League spectators. This research provided valuable theoretical support and data for K-League clubs aiming to implement retro marketing strategies.

The Relations between Father-Perceived Family Strength and Maternal Gatekeeping in Chinese Families-Focusing on the Dual Mediation Effect of Father Involvement and Mutual Communication.

According to Murray Bowen's family systems theory, the family is an emotional unit where members influence each other. Family strength, in that members care for, respect, and communicate with each other sincerely and freely and overcome difficulties together through joint efforts, is what every family yearns for and pursues. Maternal gatekeeping behavior not only affects the relationship between each family member but also has an impact on family strength. Father-perceived family strength and maternal gatekeeping were investigated in this study, along with the mediation effect of father involvement and mutual communication. In total, 320 fathers of children aged 3-5 were randomly recruited to complete self-report questionnaires. The correlation results indicated that maternal gate-opening behavior, father involvement, mutual communication, and family strength are positively correlated with each other, whereas maternal gate closing is negatively associated with father involvement, mutual communication, and family strength. Path analysis verified the partial (dual) mediation effect of father involvement and mutual communication between maternal gate opening and family strength, as well as a complete (dual) mediation effect upon maternal gate closing. The current study provides new insights into understanding the underlying mechanisms of father-perceived family strength influenced by maternal gatekeeping behavior. Meanwhile, the mediation effect of father involvement and mutual communication also highlights the importance of parenting preparation for fathers, such as psychological self-adjustment, especially under interception or restriction.

Perfectionism and Baldness Distress in Men

Abstract: Introduction: Against the backdrop of increasing body image concerns among men, the present study examined two factors that might underlie men’s baldness distress: rigid perfectionism and anxiety about physical aging. Methods: An international sample of 355 men with varying degrees of baldness and an age range of 19 to 64 years were surveyed. Results: As hypothesized, participants scoring high in rigid perfectionism showed higher levels of baldness distress. This association was partially mediated by anxiety about physical aging. The mediation was not further moderated by participants’ age, degree and duration of baldness, cultural context, or racial identity, which underlines the generalizability of results. Discussion and Conclusion: The discussion centers around the partial rather than complete mediation by aging anxiety and implications of the findings for supporting balding men in the public health domain.

Cross-cultural adaptation for international nursing students from the Belt and Road Initiative in China: A follow-up survey study

Backgroundand Purpose: As the number of international students from Belt and Road Initiative countries continues to increase in China, it is essential to find methods to improve cross-cultural adaptation in the host country, a crucial aspect of the experiences of international nursing students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the change in cross-cultural adaptation of international nursing students during the first year in China. MethodsData collection was conducted for international nursing students (n = 108) between September 2019 and August 2020, focusing on sociocultural adaptation, academic adaptation, and academic performance of international nursing students using validated questionnaires. ResultsThe mean score at the follow-up time verified an increased level of sociocultural and academic adaptation and academic performance. Academic adaptation is a complete mediator between sociocultural adaptation and academic performance at two-time points, and the size of the mediation effect accounted for 95.9 % of the total effect in six months and 99.0 % in one year. ConclusionsThe findings emphasized the importance of sociocultural and academic adaptation in cross-cultural adaptation and suggest that educational institutions should provide learning environments supporting these factors to ensure academic success.

K-MOOC 인식과 교수실재감 및 대학생활 만족도 간의 구조적 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationship among K-MOOC perception, teach-ing presence, and university life satisfaction, and to analyze them according to participation in K-MOOC courses using a multi-group analysis. The analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient to examine the relationships between variables, and the trends and normality were assessed.&#x0D; Methods The subjects of the study are 244 students at Chungcheong-do University who are taking K-MOOC courses by 2022. It was analyzed by the multi-group structural equation and the structural relationship among var-iables using the SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs.&#x0D; Results These are the main results. First, there was a positive correlation between perception of K-MOOC, teach-ing presence and university life satisfaction. Second, the measurement model was deemed suitable, and teaching presence was found to be a complete mediator in the process of K-MOOC perception affecting university life satisfaction. third, the results of multi-group analysis based on participation in K-MOOC courses showed that ‘teaching presence -&gt; university life satisfaction’ had a stronger influence on students who took K-MOOC courses than those who didn't, proving the partial adjustment effect.&#x0D; Conclusions The results of this study are meaningful in that they provide basic data to raise awareness of K-MOOC. In addition, we would like to propose a plan to activate K-MOOC, focusing on universities and departments.

A closer look at teacher support and achievement emotions in Chinese mathematics classrooms: mediating roles of academic control and intrinsic/extrinsic value

This cross-sectional study looks into how students’ perceived teacher support is linked to achievement emotions in mathematics via academic control and value. The data was gathered from 602 secondary students (13-16-year-olds) in 16 mathematics classrooms from three public schools in Jiangsu province, China. Participants were asked to respond to the paper-pencil questionnaire assessing students’ perceived teacher support, cognitive appraisals, and achievement emotions in mathematics. Findings showed that cognitive appraisals played complete mediation roles in teacher support and achievement emotions. Intrinsic value and mathematics self-concept were shown to serve a positive role in teacher support and achievement emotions, whereas extrinsic value was found to play a negative one. Besides, teacher support showed the greatest indirect effect on achievement emotions through mathematics self-concept. Lastly, findings indicated the great relevance of teacher support to students’ anger, boredom, enjoyment and relaxation in mathematics classrooms.

Wellbeing at home: a mediation analysis of residential satisfaction, comfort, and home attachment

AbstractIn the study of residential satisfaction in architectural design different physical comfort domains have received the most attention. But with this comfort-driven approach, residential satisfaction is reduced to a psychophysical relationship. Adding psychological substance to the design process, the paper argues that a distinction should be made between residential satisfaction and home attachment and that we need to consider home attachment as a mediator variable for comfort. The aim of the paper is to empirically assess whether the mediation, if it exists at all, is partial or complete. Distinguishing different forms of comfort, a set of alternative structural equation models are tested with data from a 14-nation population survey in Europe. The result of the model tests is that our wellbeing at home comes in two forms—satisfaction and attachment—and that there is partial as well as complete mediation of home attachment on satisfaction depending on the kind of comfort studied.

Особенности связи антисоциальной креативности и понимания собственных эмоций

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;As part of the reduction of psychological violence and destruction in interpersonal relationships, the study of the manifestation of malevolent creativity (MC) in behavior becomes an urgent problem for the internal affairs bodies (ATS) of the Russian Federation. The article provides an analysis of the results obtained in several studies on samples of different ages: convicts, cadets, cadets and active police officers (N=281, of which 45% are women). The questionnaires of aggression BRAQ-24, emotional intelligence (EmIn), an abbreviated version of the questionnaire &amp;ldquo;NEO PI-R&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Behavioral features of malevolent creativity&amp;rdquo; were used. Hypotheses were tested: 1. The realization of malevolent creativity in interpersonal interaction is mediated by a low understanding of one&amp;rsquo;s own emotions (PSE), low agreeableness and high hostility, with hostility playing a predominant role; 2. the combination of high values of cooperation and PSE mediates a decrease in MC; 3. there are gender differences in the components of MC and its relationship with cooperation and PSE. The results showed that hostility is a complete mediator in the negative relationship of PSE and MC. At the same time, the contribution of self-esteem to understanding one&amp;rsquo;s own emotions is not modest in the implementation of MC in behavior that harms other people. It has been shown that in highly hostile people with a developed trait of cooperation, high PSE can regulate MC. The combination of high hostility and high PSE mediates MC and can contribute to its implementation in deviant behavior in the case of low values of the Cooperation trait. Gender features were identified: in women, the decrease in the realization of MC in harming is mediated by a combination of highly developed PSE and the traits of the big five Cooperation. The conclusion is made about the important contribution of self-assessment of understanding one&amp;rsquo;s own emotions as a component of emotional intelligence to malevolent creativity and deviant behavior in interpersonal interaction.&lt;/p&gt;

Hypertension and Stroke as Mediators of Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Dementia

Fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) has been consistently associated with cardiovascular disease, which, in turn, is associated with an increased risk of dementia. As such, vascular dysfunction might be a mechanism by which PM2.5 mediates dementia risk, yet few prior epidemiological studies have examined this potential mechanism. To investigate whether hypertension and stroke serve as mediators and modifiers of the association of PM2.5 with incident dementia. As part of the Environmental Predictors of Cognitive Health and Aging (EPOCH) Project, this cohort study used biennial survey data collected between 1998 and 2016 from respondents of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative, population-based, cohort in the US. Eligible participants were those over 50 years of age who were free of dementia at baseline and had complete exposure, mediator, outcome, and demographic data from the HRS. Data analysis was conducted from August to November 2022. Exposure to PM2.5, calculated for the 10 years preceding each person's baseline examination according to residential histories and spatiotemporal models. Incident dementia was identified using a validated algorithm based on cognitive testing and informant reports. The 4-way decomposition causal mediation analysis method was used to quantify the degree to which hypertension and stroke mediated or modified the association of PM2.5 with incident dementia after adjustment for individual-level and area-level covariates. Among 27 857 participants (mean [SD] age at baseline, 61 [10] years; 15 747 female participants [56.5%]; 19 249 non-Hispanic White participants [69.1%]), 4105 (14.7%) developed dementia during the follow-up period (mean [SD], 10.2 [5.6] years). Among participants with dementia, 2204 (53.7%) had a history of hypertension at baseline and 386 (9.4%) received a diagnosis of hypertension during the follow up. A total of 378 participants (9.2%) had a history of stroke at baseline and 673 (16.4%) developed stroke over the follow-up period. The IQR of baseline PM2.5 concentrations was 10.9 to 14.9 μg/m3. In fully adjusted models, higher levels of PM2.5 (per IQR) were not associated with increased risk of incident dementia (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.11). Although there were positive associations of prevalent stroke (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.88) and hypertension (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.23) with incident dementia compared with those free of stroke and hypertension during follow-up, there was no statistically significant association of PM2.5 with stroke (odds ratio per IQR increment in PM2.5, 1.08; 95%CI, 0.91 to 1.29) and no evidence of an association of PM2.5 with hypertension (odds ratio per IQR increment in PM2.5, 0.99; 95%CI, 0.92 to 1.07). Concordantly, there was no evidence that hypertension or stroke acted as mediators or modifiers of the association of PM2.5 with incident dementia. Although the nonmediated interaction between PM2.5 and hypertension accounted for 39.2% of the total excess association (95% CI, -138.5% to 216.9%), the findings were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that although hypertension may enhance the susceptibility of individuals to air pollution, hypertension and stroke do not significantly mediate or modify the association of PM2.5 with dementia, indicating the need to investigate other pathways and potential mediators of risk.

The Impact of Social Media Influencer (SMI) Characteristics on Consumer Purchase Intention (CPI) of Beauty and Personal Care (BPC) Products in Sri Lanka

Influencer Marketing is a form of social media promotion that incorporates the promotion of products and the placement of influencers' endorsements. These influencers are known for having a high level of expertise and attractiveness. It is common for people to misunderstand this and confuse Influencer Marketing with celebrity marketing. There may be some overlap, but a person's perceived popularity alone is insufficient to create successful influencer marketing. Many influencers have built huge communities to whom they promote an agreed product or activity. Different SMIs’ characteristics lead consumers to have positive purchase intentions towards the products in which they are promoting. However, such effects of influencer characteristics on purchase intention of various products in the Sri Lankan market have not been adequately researched. Moreover, it appears that the BPC product market has not been investigated as well. The purpose of this study is to bridge this research gap by examining the impact of SMIs’ characteristics on the purchase intention BPC products among Sri Lankan consumers, with an emphasis on identifying if there are significant impact on the consumers’ attitudes towards the influencers as well. The data was obtained using a self-administered structured questionnaire from 202 consumers who uses social media in Sri Lanka. It was later analyzed using various statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis. The findings demonstrated that credibility is having a more impact on purchase intention of BPC products promoted by SMIs than the attractiveness of them. The findings also revealed that consumers’ attitude towards the SMIs is having a major impact on purchase intention of BPC products promoted by the SMIs through the significant complete mediation.

How does low-carbon city construction drive enterprise green governance? A complete chain mediation model

Purpose In confronting the challenge of climate change and progressing towards dual carbon goals, China is actively implementing low-carbon city pilot policy. This paper aims to focus on the potential impact of this policy on enterprise green governance, aiming to promote the reduction and balance of carbon emissions. Design/methodology/approach Based on the panel data of China's large-scale industrial enterprises from 2007 to 2013, this paper uses the Difference-in-differences (DID) method to study the impact and path mechanism of the implementation of low-carbon city pilot policy on enterprise green governance. Heterogeneity analysis is used to compare the effects of low-carbon city pilot policy in different regions, different enterprises and different industries. Findings The low-carbon pilot can indeed effectively enhance corporate green governance, a conclusion that still holds after a series of robustness tests. The low-carbon city pilot policy mainly enhances enterprise green governance through two paths: an industrial structure upgrade and enterprise energy consumption, and it improves green governance by reducing enterprise energy consumption through industrial structure upgrade. The impact of low-carbon city pilot policy on enterprise green governance shows significant differences across different regions, different enterprises and different industries. Research limitations/implications This paper examines the impact of low-carbon city pilot policy on enterprise green governance. However, due to availability of data, there are still some limitations to be further tackled. The parallel trend test in this paper shows that the pilot policy has a significant positive effect on the green governance of enterprises. However, due to serious lack of data in some years, the authors only selected the enterprise data of a shorter period as our experimental data, which leads the results to still have certain deficiencies. For the verification of the impact mechanism, the conclusions obtained in this paper are relatively limited. Although all the mechanism tests are passed, the reliability of the results still needs to be further tested through future data samples. In addition, as the pilot policy of low-carbon cities is still in progress, the policy can be tracked and analysed in the future as more data are disclosed, and further research can be carried out through dimensional expansion. Practical implications Low-carbon city pilot policy plays an important role in inducing the green governance of enterprises. Therefore, policy makers can continue to strengthen the construction of low-carbon city pilots by refining pilot experience, building typical cases, actively promoting pilot policy experience, expanding pilot scope and enhancing the implementation efficiency of pilot policy nationwide, which will contribute to the optimization and upgrading of the regional industrial structure at the urban level and will provide experience and reference for the synergistic implementation plan of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. Social implications The impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on enterprise green governance not only exists in two separate paths of urban industrial upgrading and enterprise energy consumption but also exists in a chain transmission path from macro to micro. The authors find that the effect value of each influence path is different, and there is an obvious leading influence path for the role of enterprise green governance. Therefore, in the process of implementing a low-carbon city pilot policy, policies should be designed specifically for different mechanisms. Moreover, complementing and coordinating several paths should be advocated to give full play to the green governance effect of enterprises brought by different paths and to further expand the scope of industries and enterprises where policies play a role. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, this paper connects macro mechanisms with micro mechanisms, discovering a macro-to-micro transmission mechanism in the process of low-carbon city pilot policy affecting enterprise green governance. That is, the low-carbon city pilot policy can facilitate industrial structure upgrading, resulting in reduced enterprise energy consumption, ultimately enhancing enterprise green governance.