Complete Lift Research Articles

Significant production improvement using optimization of completion and artificial lift: case studies from South-West Iran

Productivity of wells in South-West Iran has decreased due to completion and production problems in recent decades. This is a large risk against sustainable production from the fields. To allow stable production, an important measure is completion and production optimization including artificial lift methods. This was investigated using simulations validated by pilot field tests. Several case studies were considered in terms of their completion and production. Five scenarios were investigated: natural production through annulus and tubing (scenario-1 and 2), artificial gas lift production through annulus (scenario-3), through tubing using non-standard gas lift (scenario-4) and using standard gas lift (scenario-5). Scenario-1 is currently the case in most wells of the field. To find the optimal scenario and completion/production parameters, simulations of 11 wells of an oilfield in the region were carried out using nodal and sensitivity analysis. The optimized parameters include wellhead pressures (WHPs), tubing dimensions, maximum tolerable water cuts and gas oil ratios and artificial gas injection rate. Simulation results were validated by pilot field tests. In addition, appropriately selected wellhead and Christmas trees for all scenarios were depicted. Simulations confirmed by field pilot tests showed that optimization of completion and production mode and parameters can contribute largely to production improvement. The results showed that the current scenario-1 is the worst of all. However, production through tubing (scenario-2) is optimal for wells which can produce with natural reservoir pressure, with an increase of 800 STB/Day rate per well compared with scenario-1. However, for wells requiring artificial gas lift, the average production rate increase (per well) from the annulus to tubing production was 1185 STB/Day. Next, using the standard gas lift (scenario-5) was found to be the optimal mode of gas lifting and is strongly recommended. WHPs in scenario-5 were the greatest of all, whereas scenario-1 gave the lowest WHPs. The optimal tubing diameter and length were determined. The greatest maximum tolerable water cut was obtained using scenario-5, whereas the lowest was with scenario-1. The maximum tolerable GOR was around 1900 scf/STB. Changing of scenarios did not have significant effect on maximum tolerable GOR. The optimal artificial gas injection rates were found. This validated simulation work proved that completion and production optimization of mode and parameters had considerable contribution to production improvement in South-West Iran. This sequential comprehensive work can be applied in any other field or region.

Lifting Dual Connections with the Riemann Extension

Let (M,g) be a Riemannian manifold equipped with a pair of dual connections (∇,∇*). Such a structure is known as a statistical manifold since it was defined in the context of information geometry. This paper aims at defining the complete lift of such a structure to the cotangent bundle T*M using the Riemannian extension of the Levi-Civita connection of M. In the first section, common tensors are associated with pairs of dual connections, emphasizing the cyclic symmetry property of the so-called skewness tensor. In a second section, the complete lift of this tensor is obtained, allowing the definition of dual connections on TT*M with respect to the Riemannian extension. This work was motivated by the general problem of finding the projective limit of a sequence of a finite-dimensional statistical manifold.

GF-structure on the semi cotangent bundle

We define GF-structure on the semi-cotangent bundle and establish its existence. We find basic results for complete lifts of tensor field of type (1,1) and of type (1,2) on the semi-cotangent bundle. We also investigate the integrability conditions for GF-structure on the semi-cotangent bundle.

Chemical pressure induced near-complete suppression of spin-wave excitations in Bi0.9A0.1FeO2.95 (A = Ba, Ca)

We have probed the changes in the phonon and magnon modes of BiFeO3 on substitution of Ba and Ca at the A-site using infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The systematic hardening of the phonon modes in the doped samples is seen to correlate well with the volume reduction of the unit cell observed from the Rietveld measurements. This is attributed to the generation of chemical pressure in these samples on account of substitution of the dopants. In addition, a near-complete suppression accompanied by a complete lifting of the degeneracy of the magnon modes as compared to the pristine BiFeO3 is detected for the Ca-doped samples. These results suggest that aliovalent doping at A-site affects the crystal field of FeO6 octahedra of BiFeO3, which eventually modifies its magnetic nature. These doping-induced modifications are mainly responsible for the improved magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of the Ca-doped BiFeO3 samples.

A safe human–robot interactive control structure with human arm movement detection for an upper-limb wearable robot used during lifting tasks

Manual lifting tasks involve repetitive raising, holding and stacking movements with heavy objects. These arm movements are notable risk factors for muscle pain, fatigue, and musculoskeletal disorders in workers. An upper-limb wearable robot, as a 6-DOF dual-arm exoskeleton, which was designed to augment workers’ strength and minimize muscular activation in the arm during repetitive lifting tasks. To adjust the robot joint trajectory, the user needs to apply an interactive torque to operate the robot during lifting tasks when a standard virtual mechanical impedance control structure is used. To reduce overshooting of the interactive torque on the user’s joint, a three-tier hierarchical control structure was developed for the robot in this study. At the highest level, a human arm movement detection module is used to detect the user’s arm motion according to the surface electromyography signals. Then, a Hammerstein adaptive virtual mechanical impedance controller is used at the middle level to reduce overshooting and yield an acceptable value of torque for the user’s elbow joint in actual lifting tasks. At the lowest level, the actuator controller on each joint of the robot controls the robot to complete lifting tasks. Several experiments were conducted, and the results showed that the interactive torque on the user’s elbow was limited and the muscular activations of erector spinae and biceps brachii muscles were effectively decreased. The proposed scheme prevents potential harm to the user due to excessive interactive torque on the human elbow joint, such as related muscle fatigue and joint injuries.

Single-ion anisotropy driven splitting of spin wave resonances in BiFeO3 at low temperature**This paper is dedicated to Dr C S Sundar, Senior Professor, HBNI and J C Bose Fellow.

The spin wave resonances of BiFeO3 ceramics have been followed at low temperature through far-infrared reflectance measurements. Following the scheme of Fishman et al (2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 094422) we have been able to assign all the spin wave modes observed. A complete lifting of the degeneracies of all these modes is seen at 250 K concomitant with the increase in single-ion anisotropy. For the first time, all the spin wave modes have been observed in the infrared spectra of BiFeO3. Correlated changes in the strength and frequencies of spin wave excitations with the reported magnetic transitions at low temperature are observed. A simultaneous increase in anharmonicity of the magnetic cycloid and single-ion anisotropy with decreasing temperature results in a partial suppression of the spin wave excitations. An increase in the magnetoelectric coupling is also observed below 150 K.

Hemorrhoidal Laser Procedure (HeLP) and Hemorrhoidal Laser Procedure + Mucopexy (HeLPexx) and Other Emerging Technologies.

Minimally-invasive treatments for hemorrhoids should be encouraged as they cause low morbidity, reasonable discomfort and quicker return to work. According to the "vascular theory", hemorrhoidal disease is mainly caused by blood overflow into hemorrhoidal plexus deriving from the superior hemorrhoidal arteries. Many different procedures have been described in the literature with the common goal of reducing the blood flow into the hemorrhoidal piles. 'HeLP' (Hemorrhoids Laser Procedure) is a novel form of dearterialization to treat patients suffering from symptomatic hemorrhoids. The procedure consists of the closure of the terminal branches of the superior rectal artery approximately 2-3 cm above the dentate line by means of laser shots originated by a diode laser platform. The arteries, at that level, have variable location and distribution. Therefore, a doppler probe set at the frequency of 20MHz helps identifying the arteries that would be missed otherwise. The laser beam is well tolerated by patients. For this reason, anesthesia is not required in most cases and the procedure allows a quick return to daily activities. In the case of concomitant severe mucosal prolapse, laser treatment can be combined with suture mucopexy. Three to six running sutures allow a complete lifting of hemorrhoidal piles, securing a long-term resolution of symptoms. 'HeLP' is indicated in patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids where conservative treatment failed and when mucosal prolapse is scarce or not symptomatic. The addition of mucopexy to laser treatment (HeLPexx) contributes to the overall resolution of symptoms when mucosal prolapse is an issue. Emborrhoid is another novel, 'hi-tech' form of selective dearterialization used in selected cases of hemorrhoids where the main symptom is bleeding. It is generally used in cases where surgery is contraindicated due to severe concomitant diseases.

TANGENT BUNDLE ENDOWED WITH QUARTER-SYMMETRIC NON-METRIC CONNECTION ON AN ALMOST HERMITIAN MANIFOLD

In this paper, we have studied the tangent bundle endowed with quarter-symmetric non-metric connection obtained by vertical and complete lifts of a quarter-symmetric non-metric connection on the base manifold and, also, proposed the study of the tangent bundle of an almost Hermitian manifold and an almost Kaehler manifold. Finally, we obtained some theorems for Nijenhuis tensor on the tangent bundle of an almost Hermitian manifold and an almost Kaehler manifold.\\

Lifts of Derivations in the Coframe Bundle

In this paper, using a decomposition formula for any derivations in the coframe bundle, a complete and horizontal lifts of derivations from manifold to its coframe bundle are determined and their properties are studied.

On the Integrability Conditions and Operators of the F((K + 1),(K − 1))− Structure Satisfying F K+1 + F K−1 = 0, (F 6= 0, K 1 2) on Cotangent Bundle and Tangent Bundle

This paper consists of two main sections. In the first part, we find the integrability conditions of the horizontal lifts of $F((K+1),(K-1))-$ structure satisfying $F^{K+1}+F^{K-1}=0,$ $(F\neq 0,$ $K\eqslantgtr 2)$. Later, we get the results of Tachibana operators applied to vector and covector fields according to the horizontal lifts of $F((K+1),(K-1))-$structure in cotangent bundle $T^{\ast }(M^{n})$. Finally, we have studied the purity conditions of Sasakian metric with respect to the horizontal lifts of the structure. In the second part, all results obtained in the first section were obtained according to the complete and horizontal lifts of the structure in tangent bundle $T(M^{n})$.

Продолжения аффинной связности и горизон­тальных векторов

The linear frame bundle over a smooth manifold is considered. The mapping dе defined by the differentials of the first-order frame e is a lift to the normal N, i. e., a space complementing the first-order tangent space to the second-order tangent space to this bundle. In particular, the map­ping defined by the differentials of the vertical vector of this frame is a vertical lift into normal N. The lift dе allows us to construct a prolongation both of the tangent space and its vertical subspace into the second-order tangent space, more precisely into the normal N. The normal lift dе defines the normal prolon­gation of the tangent space (i. e. the normal N) and its vertical subspace. The vertical lift defines the vertical prolongation of the tangent space and its vertical subspace. The differential of an arbitrary vector field on the linear frame bundle is a complete lift from the first-order tangent space to the second-order tangent space to this bundle. It is known that the action of vector fields as differential operators on functions coincides with action of the differentials of these functions as 1-forms on these vector fields. Horizontal vectors played a dual role in the fibre bundle. On the one hand, the basic horizontal vectors serve as opera­tors for the covariant differentiation of geometric objects in the bundle. On the other hand, the differentials of these geometric objects can be con­sidered as forms (including tangential-valued ones) and their values on basic horizontal vectors give covariant derivatives of these geometric ob­jects. For objects which covariant derivatives require the second-order con­nection, the covariant derivatives are equal to the values of the differen­tials of these objects on horizontal vectors in prolonged affine connectivi­ty. Prolongations of the basic horizontal vectors, i. e., the second-order horizontal vectors for prolonged connection, were constructed. The sec­ond-order tangent space is represented as a straight sum of the first-order tangent space, vertical prolongations of the vertical and horizontal sub­spaces, and horizontal prolongation of the horizontal subspace.

GF-structure on the semi cotangent bundle

We define GF-structure on the semi-cotangent bundle and establish its existence. We find basic results for complete lifts of tensor field of type (1,1) and of type (1,2) on the semi-cotangent bundle. We also investigate the integrability conditions for GF-structure on the semi-cotangent bundle.

Lifts of Symmetric Tensors: Fluids, Plasma, and Grad Hierarchy

Geometrical and algebraic aspects of the Hamiltonian realizations of the Euler’s fluid and the Vlasov’s plasma are investigated. A purely geometric pathway (involving complete lifts and vertical representatives) is proposed, which establishes a link from particle motion to evolution of the field variables. This pathway is free from Poisson brackets and Hamiltonian functionals. Momentum realizations (sections on ) of (both compressible and incompressible) Euler’s fluid and Vlasov’s plasma are derived. Poisson mappings relating the momentum realizations with the usual field equations are constructed as duals of injective Lie algebra homomorphisms. The geometric pathway is then used to construct the evolution equations for 10-moments kinetic theory. This way the entire Grad hierarchy (including entropic fields) can be constructed in a purely geometric way. This geometric way is an alternative to the usual Hamiltonian approach to mechanics based on Poisson brackets.

Another proof of Banaschewski's surjection theorem

We present a new proof of Banaschewski's theorem stating that the completion lift of a uniform surjection is a surjection. The new procedure allows to extend the fact (and, similarly, the related theorem on closed uniform sublocales of complete uniform frames) to quasi-uniformities (not necessarily symmetric uniformities). Further, we show how a (regular) Cauchy point on a closed uniform sublocale can be extended to a (regular) Cauchy point on the larger (quasi-)uniform frame.

Inertial navigation algorithm for trajectory of front-wheel walker estimation

In this paper, we propose a system for trajectory of walker estimation. The system consists of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and two encoders attached to a front-wheel walker. The IMU is employed to estimate the trajectory of the walker while the encoders are used to update the trajectory of the walker during rolling on the floor. Three update equations are proposed: quaternion update using the vertical vector, quaternion update using the yaw angle of the walker and position update using encoders. We implemented an experiment which focused on four walking styles of: continuous rolling, step by step rolling, complete lifting and 2 back tips lifting. Results of the experiment show the appropriateness of proposed update equations in all cases in general and in continuous rolling in particular.

Biased graphs. VI. synthetic geometry

A biased graph is a graph with a class of selected circles (“cycles”, “circuits”), called balanced, such that no theta subgraph contains exactly two balanced circles. A biased graph Ω has two natural matroids, the frame matroid G(Ω) and the lift matroid L(Ω), and their extensions the full frame matroid G•(Ω) and the extended (or complete) lift matroid L0(Ω). In Part IV we used algebra to study the representations of these matroids by vectors over a skew field and the corresponding embeddings in Desarguesian projective spaces. Here we redevelop those representations, independently of Part IV and in greater generality, by using synthetic geometry.

Problems of Lifts in Symplectic Geometry

Let (M,ω) be a symplectic manifold. In this paper, the authors consider the notions of musical (bemolle and diesis) isomorphisms ωb: TM → T*M and ω#: T*M → TM between tangent and cotangent bundles. The authors prove that the complete lifts of symplectic vector field to tangent and cotangent bundles is ωb-related. As consequence of analyze of connections between the complete lift cωTM of symplectic 2-form ω to tangent bundle and the natural symplectic 2-form dp on cotangent bundle, the authors proved that dp is a pullback of cωTM by ω#. Also, the authors investigate the complete lift cϕT*M of almost complex structure ϕ to cotangent bundle and prove that it is a transform by of complete lift cϕTM to tangent bundle if the triple (M, ω,ϕ) is an almost holomorphic $$ A $$ -manifold. The transform of complete lifts of vector-valued 2-form is also studied.

On the Lifts of F(2K + S; S)-Structure Satisfying F^(2K+S) + F^S = 0; (F≠ 0; K≥ 0 ,S≥1 ) on Cotangent and Tangent Bundle

This paper consists of two main sections. In the first part, we find the integrability conditions by calculating Nijenhuis tensors of the horizontal lifts of F(2K + S, S)−structure Satisfying F 2K+S + F S = 0. Later, we get the results of Tachibana operators applied to vector and covector fields according to the horizontal lifts of F(2K + S, S)−structure in cotangent bundle T ∗ (Mn). Finally, we have studied the purity conditions of Sasakian metric with respect to the horizontal lifts of the structure. In the second part, all results obtained in the first section were obtained according to the complete and horizontal lifts of F(2K + S, S)−structure in tangent bundle T(Mn).

On the tangent Lie group of a symplectic Lie group

Motivated by the recent work of Asgari and Salimi Moghaddam (Rend Circ Mat Palermo II Ser 67:185–195, 2018) on the Riemannian geometry of tangent Lie groups, we prove that the tangent Lie group $${ TG}$$ of a symplectic Lie group $$(G,\omega )$$ admits the structure of a symplectic Lie group. On $${ TG}$$, we construct a left invariant symplectic form $${\widetilde{\omega }}$$ which is induced from $$\omega $$ using complete and vertical lifts of left invariant vector fields on G. The aforementioned construction can be viewed as the symplectic analogue of the left invariant Riemannian metrics on the tangent Lie groups that were constructed in Asgari and Salimi Moghaddam (Rend Circ Mat Palermo II Ser 67:185–195, 2018). One immediate upshot of our construction is that by taking iterated tangent bundles of a non-abelian symplectic Lie group, one obtains a convenient means of generating non-abelian symplectic Lie groups of arbitrarily high dimension.

On integrability conditions, operators, and the purity conditions of the Sasakian metric with respect to lifts of F l (7 ; 1) -structure on the cotangent bundle

There are many structures in the cotangent bundle. These include the complete and horizontal lifts of the $F_{\lambda }(7,1)$-structure. The $F_{\lambda }(7,1)$-structure was first extended in $M^{n}$ to $T^{\ast }(M^{n})$ by Das, Nivas, and Pathak. Later, the horizontal and complete lift of the $F_{a}(K,1)$-structure in the tangent bundle was given by Prasad and Chauhan. This paper consists of two main sections. In the first part, we find the integrability conditions by calculating Nijenhuis tensors of the complete lifts of the $F_{\lambda }(7,1)$-structure. Later, we get the results of the Tachibana operators applied to vector and covector fields according to the complete lifts of the $% F_{\lambda }(7,1)$-structure in the cotangent bundle $T^{\ast }(M_{n})$. Finally, we study the purity conditions of the Sasakian metric with respect to the complete lifts of the $F_{\lambda }(7,1)$-structure. In the second part, all results obtained in the first section are obtained according to the horizontal lifts of the $F_{\lambda }(7,1)$-structure in cotangent bundle $T^{\ast }(M_{n})$.